Long-term effects of mustard gas on respiratory system of Iranian veterans after Iraq-Iran war: a review / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)
Chinese Journal of Traumatology
; (6): 163-168, 2013.
Article
in En
| WPRIM
| ID: wpr-325719
Responsible library:
WPRO
ABSTRACT
To review long-term respiratory effects of mustard gas on Iranian veterans having undergone Iraq-Iran war. Electronic databases of Scopus, Medline, ISI, IranMedex, and Irandoc sites were searched. We accepted articles published in scientific journals as a quality criterion.The main pathogenic factors are free radical mediators. Prevalence of pulmonary involvement is approximately 42.5%. The most common complaints are cough and dyspnea. Major respiratory complications are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, and asthma. Spirometry results can reveal restrictive and obstructive pulmonary disease. Plain chest X-ray does not help in about 50% of lung diseases. High-resolution CT of the lung is the best modality for diagnostic assessment of parenchymal lung and bronchi. There is no definite curative treatment for mustard lung. The effective treatment regimens consist of oxygen administration, use of vaporized moist air, respiratory physiotherapy, administration of mucolytic agents, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and long-acting beta-2 agonists, antioxidants, surfactant, magnesium ions, therapeutic bronchoscopy, laser therapy, placement of respiratory stents, early tracheostomy in laryngospasm, and ultimately lung transplantation. High-resolution CT of the lung is the most accurate modality for the evaluation of the lung parenchyma and bronchi. The treatment efficacy of patients exposed to mustard gas depends on patient conditions (acute or chronic, upper or lower respiratory tract involvement). There are various treatment protocols, but unfortunately none of them is definitely curable.
Full text:
1
Index:
WPRIM
Main subject:
Pharmacology
/
Respiratory System
/
Veterans
/
Diagnostic Imaging
/
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
/
Chemical Warfare
/
Chemical Warfare Agents
/
Epidemiology
/
Survivors
/
Lung Injury
Type of study:
Diagnostic_studies
/
Guideline
Limits:
Adult
/
Humans
/
Male
Country/Region as subject:
Asia
Language:
En
Journal:
Chinese Journal of Traumatology
Year:
2013
Type:
Article