Effects of warmed carrier fluid on nefopam injection-induced pain
The Korean Journal of Pain
; : 102-108, 2018.
Article
in En
| WPRIM
| ID: wpr-742178
Responsible library:
WPRO
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Nefopam is a non-opioid, non-steroidal analgesic drug with fewer adverse effects than narcotic analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and is widely used for postoperative pain control. Because nefopam sometimes causes side effects such as nausea, vomiting, somnolence, hyperhidrosis and injection-related pain, manufacturers are advised to infuse it slowly, over a duration of 15 minutes. Nevertheless, pain at the injection site is very common. Therefore, we investigated the effect of warmed carrier fluid on nefopam injection-induced pain. METHODS: A total of 48 patients were randomly selected and allocated to either a control or a warming group. Warming was performed by diluting 40 mg of nefopam in 100 ml of normal saline heated to 31–32℃ using two fluid warmers. The control group was administered 40 mg of nefopam dissolved in 100 ml of normal saline stored at room temperature (21–22℃) through the fluid warmers, but the fluid warmers were not activated. RESULTS: The pain intensity was lower in the warming group than in the control group (P < 0.001). The pain severity and tolerance measurements also showed statistically significant differences between groups (P < 0.001). In the analysis of vital signs before and after the injection, the mean blood pressure after the injection differed significantly between the groups (P = 0.005), but the heart rate did not. The incidence of hypertension also showed a significant difference between groups (P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Use of warmed carrier fluid for nefopam injection decreased injection-induced pain compared to mildly cool carrier fluid.
Key words
Full text:
1
Index:
WPRIM
Main subject:
Pain, Postoperative
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Vasoconstriction
/
Vasodilation
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Vomiting
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Blood Pressure
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Incidence
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Cold Temperature
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Vital Signs
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Heart Rate
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Hot Temperature
Type of study:
Incidence_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
Limits:
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
The Korean Journal of Pain
Year:
2018
Type:
Article