Epidemiological characteristics and etiological study of hand-feet-mouth disease in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture from 2015 to 2019 / 中华传染病杂志

ABSTRACT

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand-feet-mouth disease (HFMD) in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention of HFMD.Methods:The HFMD cases during January 2015 to December 2019 in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture were collected through the Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The demographic data, incidence rate of HFMD and epidemiological characteristics were analysed. Coxsackie virus A16(CoxA16), enterovirus 71(EV71) and other enterovirus nucleic acid in stool samples of HFMD patients were detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Chi-square test was used as statistical method.Results:From 2015 to 2019, 30 730 cases of HFMD were reported in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture. The annual incidence rate was 171.50/100 000, and the incidence rate was on rise from 2016 to 2019. There were 24(0.08%) severe cases. Yongping County, Binchuan County and Dali City were with the top three average annual incidence rate. The peak incidence was from June to July in summer, 9 168 cases (29.83%) were reported. The peak incidence was from September to October in autumn, 5 988 cases (19.49%) were reported. The epidemic intensity in summer was higher than that in autumn. Among 30 730 cases, there were 17 373 males and 13 357 females. The annual incidence rate of male patients was 120.29/100 000, and that of female was 75.83/100 000. The difference was statistically significant ( χ2=1 637.467, P<0.01). The highest incidence was in infancy (one to <three years old), followed by preschool stage (three to <six years old) and the incidence rate was 4 158.96/100 000 and 1 953.11/100 000, respectively. From infancy, the incidence decreased with age. Severe cases concentrated in infancy with a total of 16 cases, accounting for 66.67% of severe cases. The affected population was mainly scattered children, and a total of 20 516 cases (66.76%) were reported. Among the 1 294 laboratory confirmed cases, 792 (61.21%) were CoxA16 infected cases, 320 (24.73%) were EV71 infected cases, and 182(14.06%) were other enterovirus infected cases. Conclusions:The incidence of HFMD in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture has obvious seasonal, age and population characteristics. It is necessary to strengthen the cooperation among departments, health education and strict implementation of prevention and control measures in order to reduce the incidence and improve the ability of early identification and treatment of severe cases.