Characteristics of immune microenvironment and progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors to cholangiocarcinoma treatment / 中华肝胆外科杂志

ABSTRACT

Cholangiocarcinoma is a highly malignant disease with low surgical resection rate. It’s resistant to chemoradiotherapy and the prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma is poor. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved great success in tumor therapy in recent years, patients with cholangiocarcinoma have a poor response to immunotherapy, because of the complexity and diversity of immune microenvironment. Therefore, understanding the composition and characteristics of the immune microenvironment of cholangiocarcinoma, regulating targets in immune microenvironment, and adopting ICIs combined therapy, is important for immunotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma.