Risk factors for chemoresistance in metastatic high-risk Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia / Philippine Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

ABSTRACT

Background@#Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a tumor known to be sensitive to chemotherapy. However, a subset of patients still develop resistance to the primary intensive chemotherapy. @*Objective@#This study aimed to determine the risk factors for multidrug resistance among high-risk metastatic GTN patients at University of the Philippines–Philippine General Hospital from January 2014 to December 2018. @*Materials and Methods@#A case–control study involving 111 high-risk metastatic GTN patients who underwent primary intensive chemotherapy Etoposide Methotrexate Actinomycin Cyclophosphamide Oncovin (EMACO) was done at the Philippine General Hospital from January 2014 to December 2018. The medical records of eligible patients were retrieved and reviewed. A comparison of the profile between patients who achieved remission (controls) and those who exhibited chemoresistance (cases) to the EMACO regimen was done. Stepwise logistic regression analysis and Cox's proportional hazards regression were used to determine the significant risk factors that could predict EMACO chemoresistance among these high-risk patients.@*Results@#The cases and controls were comparable in terms of their clinicodemographic profiles. Adjusting for confounders, multivariate analysis showed that the number of metastasis, FIGO stage, and World Health Organization (WHO) prognostic scores were all predictors of survival. Using the fitted logistic regression model, the accuracy of predicted death and survival was 85.16%. @*Conclusions@#The pretreatment serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin level, number of metastasis, tumor size, FIGO stage, and WHO prognostic score were significant predictors of treatment failure. A higher number of metastatic lesions, stage, and WHO prognostic scores indicated poor survival.