RESUMO
Non-tuberculosis mycobacterium (NTM) refers to a general term for a large group of mycobacteria, excluding the mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae, which is an opportunistic pathogen. NTM pulmonary disease and pulmonary tuberculosis have very similar clinical and imaging manifestations. Ordinary sputum tests can not distinguish between mycobacterium tuberculosis and NTM accurately, and it needs to be differentiated through detection methods such as mycobacterium culture medium, high-performance liquid chromatography, and molecular biology. During the diagnosis of occupational pneumoconiosis, a sandblasting and polishing worker's lung CT showed dynamic changes in infiltrating shadows and cavities in the right lung. A sputum drug sensitivity test showed NTM infection, but the patient refused treatment. After 20 months, the CT examination of the lung showed further enlargement of infiltrating shadows and cavities, and NTM bacterial identification showed intracellular mycobacterial infection. Amikacin, moxifloxacin, azithromycin, and ethambutol combined antibacterial treatment were given. Currently, the patient is still under treatment.