RESUMO
Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a mucocutaneous disease usually seen in apparently cured, inadequately treated or untreated cases of visceral leishmaniasis and is endemic to many parts of India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and eastern Africa (Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya). The disease usually manifests as a variable combination of hypopigmented patches, erythematous succulent papulo-plaques, and nodular lesions on the face and upper body and sometimes extending on the extremities, genitalia, and tongue. Atypical morphology and presentations are not uncommon, especially in endemic areas, which include photosensitivity, verrucous, hypertrophic, xanthomatous, and ulcerative lesions. Recognition of spectrum of mucocutaneous changes helps physicians in early initiation of treatment and in reducing disease transmission in the community. The differential diagnosis depends on the pattern of manifestations, but lepromatous leprosy is the closest mimicker. Since PKDL does not cause significant morbidity, at least initially, but the affected patients continue to act as a reservoir of the disease, active case detection is required to identify cases early to control the disease transmission in the community.
Assuntos
Alopecia/tratamento farmacológico , Finasterida/uso terapêutico , Agentes Urológicos/uso terapêutico , Finasterida/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Infertilidade Masculina/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Oligospermia/induzido quimicamente , Análise do Sêmen/métodos , Agentes Urológicos/efeitos adversosAssuntos
Dermatoses Faciais/induzido quimicamente , Hidroquinonas/efeitos adversos , Hipopigmentação/induzido quimicamente , Preparações Clareadoras de Pele/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Dermatoses Faciais/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipopigmentação/patologia , Melanose/tratamento farmacológico , Automedicação/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Paternally transmitted damage to offspring is recognized as a complex issue. Each parent contributes 23 chromosomes to a child; hence, it is necessary to know the effects of both maternal and paternal pre-and peri-conceptional exposure to drugs on pregnancy outcome. While there are many studies on the effects of maternal drug exposure on pregnancy outcome, literature on paternal exposure is scarce. Of late however, paternal exposure has been receiving increasing attention. We present a brief review on the safety of commonly used drugs in dermatology, focused on retinoids, immune suppressants, anti androgens and thalidomide.