Surveillance of intradomiciliary contacts of leprosy cases: perspective of the client in a hyperendemic municipality / Vigilancia de contactos intradomiciliarias de lepra: perspectiva del usuario en municipio hiper endémico / Vigilância de contatos intradomiciliares de hanseníase: perspectiva do usuário em município hiperendêmico

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize approach methods for intradomiciliary contacts (IdC) of leprosy cases resident in Northern Brazil, during 2001-2012. Method: A cross-sectional and descriptive study in the state of Rondônia. Included IdC of leprosy cases diagnosed/reported in SINAN-Ministry of Health (MS), 2001-2012. A semi-structured instrument was applied to the IdCs, with six interventions: complete dermatological examination; complete neurological examination; BCG vaccination; instructions for return to the health unit; BCG guidance; and guidance to mobilize other contacts. Results: From a total of 459 IdCs included, failure to perform the dermatological examination was reported by 191 people (41.6%) and the neurological examination, by 252 (54.9%); 138 (30.1%) did not have BCG indicated and 122 (26.6%) did not receive guidelines; 257 (56.0%) were not advised to return for a new evaluation/follow-up and 186 (40.5%) were not asked to mobilize other contacts. Conclusion: Despite the favorable indicators of IdC examination coverage in the state, the evaluation process presents patterns that indicate operational quality failures.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Caracterizar normas de abordaje de contactos intradomiciliarias(CId) de casos de lepra residentes en el Norte de Brasil, de 2001-2012. Método: Estudio transversal y descriptivo en el estado de Rondônia. Incluidos CId de casos de lepra diagnosticados/notificados en SINAN-Ministerio de Salud (MS), 2001-2012. Se aplicó instrumento semi estructurado a los CId verificándose 6 intervenciones: examen dermatológico completo; examen neurológico completo; vacunación BCG; orientación para retorno a la unidad de salud; orientación sobre BCG y orientación para movilizar otros contactos. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 459 CId. La no realización del examen dermatológico fue referida por 191 personas (41,6%) y el neurológico, por 252 (54,9%), 138(30,1%) no tuvieron la BCG indicada y 122 (26,6%) no recibieron orientaciones, 257 (56,0%) no fueron orientados a retornar para nueva evaluación/seguimiento y 186 (40,5%) no fueron orientados para movilización de otros contactos. Conclusión: A pesar de los indicadores favorables de cobertura de examen de CId en el estado, el proceso de evaluación presenta normas que indican fallos operacionales de cualidad.

RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar padrões de abordagem de contatos intradomiciliares (CId) de casos de hanseníase residentes no Norte do Brasil, de 2001-2012. Método: Estudo transversal e descritivo no estado de Rondônia. Incluídos CId de casos de hanseníase diagnosticados/notificados no SINAN-Ministério da Saúde (MS), 2001-2012. Aplicou-se instrumento semiestruturado aos CId verificando-se seis intervenções: exame dermatológico completo; exame neurológico completo; vacinação BCG; orientação para retorno à unidade de saúde; orientação sobre BCG e orientação para mobilizar outros contatos. Resultados: Foram incluídos 459 CId. A não realização do exame dermatológico foi referida por 191 pessoas (41,6%) e o neurológico, por 252 (54,9%); 138 (30,1%) não tiveram a BCG indicada e 122 (26,6%) não receberam orientações; 257 (56,0%) não foram orientados a retornar para nova avaliação/seguimento e 186 (40,5%) não foram orientados para mobilização de outros contatos. Conclusão: Apesar dos indicadores favoráveis de cobertura de exame de CId no estado, o processo de avaliação apresenta padrões que indicam falhas operacionais de qualidade.

Surveillance of intradomiciliary contacts of leprosy cases: perspective of the client in a hyperendemic municipality.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize approach methods for intradomiciliary contacts (IdC) of leprosy cases resident in Northern Brazil, during 2001-2012. METHOD: A cross-sectional and descriptive study in the state of Rondônia. Included IdC of leprosy cases diagnosed/reported in SINAN-Ministry of Health (MS), 2001-2012. A semi-structured instrument was applied to the IdCs, with six interventions: complete dermatological examination; complete neurological examination; BCG vaccination; instructions for return to the health unit; BCG guidance; and guidance to mobilize other contacts.Results: From a total of 459 IdCs included, failure to perform the dermatological examination was reported by 191 people (41.6%) and the neurological examination, by 252 (54.9%); 138 (30.1%) did not have BCG indicated and 122 (26.6%) did not receive guidelines; 257 (56.0%) were not advised to return for a new evaluation/follow-up and 186 (40.5%) were not asked to mobilize other contacts. CONCLUSION: Despite the favorable indicators of IdC examination coverage in the state, the evaluation process presents patterns that indicate operational quality failures.

Oral health conditions in leprosy cases in hyperendemic area of the Brazilian Amazon.

Leprosy is a hyperendemic chronic condition in the Rondônia State . Despite the significant impact of oral health on the quality of life and clinical evolution of leprosy patients, systematic evaluation of oral health status has been neglected. To analyze the dental-clinical profile, self-perceived oral health and dental health service access of leprosy cases in the municipality of Cacoal in Rondônia State , North Brazil, from 2001 to 2012. A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was performed based on dental evaluation and standardized structured instruments. We investigated clinically assessed and self-perceived oral health status, as well as dental health service access. A total of 303 leprosy cases were included; 41.6% rated their oral health as good, and 42.6% reported being satisfied with their oral health. Self-reported loss of upper teeth was 45.5%. The clinical evaluation revealed that 54.5% had active caries. Most (97.7%) cases reported having been to the dentist at least once in their life and 23.1% used public health services. The poor standard of oral health in this population may increase the risk for leprosy reactions, consequently reducing quality of life. Low access to public health dental services and poor self-perceived oral health reinforce the need to achieve comprehensive health care in this population.

Reações cutâneas graves adversas a drogas: aspectos relevantes ao diagnóstico e ao tratamento - Parte II / Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions: relevant aspects to diagnosis and treatment - Part II

As reações cutâneas graves adversas à droga são as que geralmente necessitam de internação hospitalar, por vezes em unidade de terapia intensiva ou de queimados, com observação minuciosa dos sinais vitais e da função de órgãos internos. O objetivo é descrever estas reações facilitando o seu reconhecimento e tratamento. Fazem parte deste grupo a Síndrome de Hipersensibilidade à Droga (SHD), a Pustulose Exantemática Generalizada Aguda (PEGA), a Necrose Cutânea induzida por Anticoagulante, as Vasculites de Pequenos Vasos (VPV), a Vasculite de Hipersensibilidade ao Propiltiouracil (VHP) e as Reações tipo Doença do Soro (RDS). A SHD tem-se tornado de elevada relevância clínica devido ao uso amplo dos anticonvulsivantes aromáticos e da dapsona, utilizada no tratamento de doenças como a acne e a hanseníase. A PEGA é determinada principalmente pelos derivados beta-lactâmicos e tem como principal diagnóstico diferencial a psoríase pustulosa generalizada. As VPV tegumentares podem refletir uma doença multissistêmica subjacente, com danos graves em órgãos nobres, como os rins, pulmões e sistema hematológico, com morbidade elevada e possível letalidade. Abordamos as características clínicas e o tratamento destas reações adversas à droga.