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1.
Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol ; 84(6): 652-659, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30246706

RESUMO

N-acetylcysteine is a mucolytic drug which is commonly used as an antidote for acetaminophen toxicity. It is a thiol compound, which acts as a donor of cysteine, leading to replenishment of glutathione and thus acts as an antioxidant. It also has anti-inflammatory effects, alters the levels of neurotransmitters, inhibits proliferation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes and causes vasodilatation. Due to these actions, n-acetylcysteine has found use in several dermatologic conditions in systemic and topical form. The drug has been used as an adjuvant in the management of conditions such as toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug hypersensitivity syndrome, trichotillomania, skin picking disorders and onychotillomania, ichthyoses, contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, melasma, pseudoporphyria, connective tissue diseases, wound healing and alopecia. It also has a role in protection from radiation-induced skin damage including photo-ageing, photocarcinogenesis and radiation dermatitis. Most indications in dermatology are supported by case reports, small case series and small trials. Higher quality of evidence is needed for its wider use. The drug is cheap and is generally safe with few adverse effects. Thus a greater role is possible for use of n-acetylcysteine in various skin conditions. This review explores the various uses of n-acetylcysteine in the field of dermatology, the evidence supporting the same, the possible mechanisms of action and the adverse effects of the drug.


Assuntos
Acetilcisteína/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Dermatológicos/administração & dosagem , Dermatologia/tendências , Dermatopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Acetilcisteína/farmacocinética , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacocinética , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/farmacocinética , Fármacos Dermatológicos/farmacocinética , Humanos , Dermatopatias/metabolismo
2.
Nutr. hosp ; 29(1): 26-36, ene. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-120553

RESUMO

La lepra es una enfermedad infecciosa crónica causada por el Mycobacterium leprae, un bacilo intracelular de transmisión aérea. La enfermedad afecta la piel y los nervios periféricos y causa secuelas neurológicas. El bacilo se multiplica lentamente en el hospedador y posiblemente la enfermedad ocurre por el mal funcionamiento de la respuesta inmunitaria del hospedador. Esta revisión aborda el papel de algunos micronutrientes específicos en la respuesta inmunitaria, tales como las vitaminas A, D, E, C, el cinc y el selenio, detallando sus mecanismos de acción en las enfermedades infecciosas y en la lepra. La respuesta inmunitaria a los patógenos libera sustancias nocivas que producen lesión tisular. Esta revisión también aborda cómo una menor cantidad de antioxidantes puede contribuir a un aumento del estrés oxidativo y a complicaciones de las enfermedades infecciosas y la lepra. Puesto que los micronutrientes poseen un efecto regulador de la respuesta inmunitaria innata y adaptativa, es importante un equilibrio perfecto de sus concentraciones para mejorar la respuesta inmunitaria frente a los patógenos (AU)


Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, an intracellular bacillus of airborne transmission. The disease affects the skin and peripheral nerves and can cause neurological sequelae. The bacillusmultiplies slowly in the host and the disease probably occurs due to malfunctioning in host immune response. This review addresses the role of some specific micronutrients in the immune response, such as Vitamins A, D, E, C, Zinc and Selenium, detailing their mechanisms of actions in infectious diseases, and in leprosy. The immune response to pathogens releases harmful substances, which lead to tissue damage. This review discusses how a decreased level of antioxidants may contribute to an increased oxidative stress and complications of infectious diseases and leprosy. As the nutrients have a regulatory effect in the innate and adaptative immune responses, a perfect balance in their concentrations is important to improve the immune response against the pathogens (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Micronutrientes/farmacocinética , Hanseníase/dietoterapia , Imunidade Adaptativa/imunologia , Imunidade Inata/imunologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Antioxidantes/farmacocinética , Infecções/imunologia , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacocinética , Zinco/farmacocinética , Selênio/farmacocinética , Vitamina D/farmacocinética
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