Luis Prunés Risetti: un gran maestro de la dermatología chilena: su biografía y archivo fotográfico / Luis Prunés Risetti: a great master of Chilean dermatology: his biography and photo archive

El doctor Luis Prunés fue uno de los grandes maestros de la dermatología chilena. Se formó como dermatólogo en el hospital Saint-Louis en París. En la década 1920 ingresó al Hospital San Luis de Santiago y en 1938 asumió como profesor titular de la cátedra “Clínica Universitaria de Piel y Sífilis” del Hospital San Vicente de Paul. En 1938 fue el primer presidente de la Sociedad Chilena de Dermato-sifilología. Fue un gran investigador de patologías cutáneas; estudió principalmente la lepra y las lesiones cutáneas asociadas a minerales. Es recordado por preconizar la importancia de la biopsia cutánea. Jubiló en 1954 dejándonos un importante legado dermatológico. El Dr. Prunés recopiló sus mejores casos en más de 20archivos fotográficos, los cuales se encuentran en la biblioteca del Departamento de Dermatología del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar parte de su archivo fotográfico, mostrando imágenes impresionantes de tumores cutáneos y lesiones cutáneas inducidas por arsénico.

Dr. Luis Prunés is one of the masters of the Chilean dermatology. He was trained as dermatologist at the Saint-Louis hospital in Paris. Since 1920 he worked as dermatologist at the San Luis Hospital in Santiago and in 1938 he took over as Professor and Chairman of the “University Clinic of Skin and Syphilis” at San Vicente de Paul Hospital. In 1938, he was the first president of the Chilean Society of Dermatology. He studied leprosy and skin lesions associated with minerals. He is also remembered for advocating the importance of skin biopsy. He retired in 1954, leaving an important legacy. Dr. Prunés compiled his best clinical cases in more than 20 photographic archives, which are located at the Library of the Dermatology Department in the University of Chile Clinical Hospital. The purpose of this paper is to present part of his photographic archive, showing stunning images of large cutaneous tumors and arsenic-induced skin lesions.

Acupuncture in dermatology: an historical perspective.

Classical acupuncture focuses primarily on treating the person, and secondarily treating the illness. The "symptoms" are regarded as "branch" expressions of a "root" (constitutional) imbalance. Different root imbalances can produce the same symptoms. Five patients with eczema, for example, may reveal five distinct root imbalances and would all be treated very differently. Because acupuncture treats the whole person, it has something to offer almost every condition. In many cases, acupuncture aims to bring about a complete cure; in others, it aims to manage the problem. Acupuncture remains a substantial part of the traditional Chinese medicine, which is used to treat many conditions including acne, alopecia, dermatitis, pruritus, psoriasis, rosacea, systemic lupus erythematosus, urticaria, herpes zoster, chicken pox, impetigo, leprosy, vitiligo, and tinea. This review introduces the historical context of acupuncture within Chinese medicine and how it relates to skin disease. Specifically, a key question is, what can we learn from the ancients with regard to their use of acupuncture as part of a holistic system of medicine, and how does this relate to the practice of modern dermatology?

The Greek moulages: a picture of skin diseases in former times.

Medical moulages are three-dimensional wax figures made for teaching in the beginning of the last century. A rather unknown hospital museum in Athens, Greece, stores 1660 moulages depicting skin and venereal diseases prevalent at that time such as syphilis, lepra and tuberculosis. The historical background behind the Greek moulages and the art of moulaging are described.

Skin disease in antiquity.

Dermatological conditions and treatment in antiquity can be assessed by studying ancient skin, artefacts illustrating medical disorders and literature from the classified period as well as Egyptian papyri, cuneiform tablets and the Bible. It is often more useful and informative to study naturally preserved skin rather than artificially mummified skin. Great care must be taken in making retrospective diagnosis. Skin manifestations of internal diseases are, and have always been, of the greatest clinical importance. Study of the past may give an insight into the epidemiological aspects of diseases such as TB, leprosy and syphilis which have spread across the world with serious social consequences.

Além das aparências: memória da dermatologia no Espírito Santo / Beyond appearances: Memory of dermatology in Espírito Santo

Relata a evolução da dermatologia no Brasil. Refere a dermatologia no contexto da medicina no Espírito Santo e narra os aspectos históricos da hanseníase e doenças venéreas de dermatoses transmissíveis, moléstias hoje incluídas no âmbito da dermatologia sanitária. (AU)

Dermatología y literatura / Dermatology and literature

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[Dermatological diseases and treatment described in the Turkish manuscripts (XIV-XVth centuries) (part II)]. / Ikl dönem (XIV-XV. yüzyillar) Türkçe tip yazmalarinda cilt hastaliklari ve tedavileri (II. bölüm).

This study deals with skin diseases described in the earliest compiled or translated Turkish medical manuscripts of the 14th and 15th centuries in Anatolia. The manuscripts studied are: Müntehab-i Sifa, Edviye-i Müfrede, Tervihü'l-Ervah, Yadigâr, Cerrahiyyetü'l-Haniyye, Kamilü's-Sinaatü't-Tibbiye Tercü-mesi, Kitab-i Müntehab-i fi't-Tibb, Haza'inü's-Sa'adat, Akrabadin Tercümesi, Mücerrebname, Müfredât-i Ibn-i Baytar Tercümesi, Tuhfe-i Mübarizi and Tuhfe-i Muradi. The skin diseases known at that time are studied under the following topics: Cüderi (Ciçek, Variola, Small-pox); Hasbe (Kizamik, Rubeola, Measles); Cüzzam (Lepra, Leprosy, Hansen's disease); Demregü (Temriye, Dermatophtosis, Tinea corporis); Behak (There are two types: the white and the black; the black is Addison's disease); Baras (Ala, Vitilio); Nemle (Isirga, Makül); Ates paresi (Nar-i farisi, frunculosis); Cemre (Kara kabarcik, Sirpençe, Karbonkül, Carbuncle); Caversiye (Kabarcik hastaligi, blisters disease); Sivilceler (Various types of pimples; Humre: Yilancik, Erizipel, Erysipelas, St. Anthony's fire; Basbert: Ciban, Fronkül, Boil, Fruncle; Dümmel: Kan çibani, Abse, Abscess); Abile (Kabarcik, Bule); Seretan (Kanser, Cancer); Hanazir (Siraca, Scrofuloderma); Akile (Yinürbas, Gangren); Kurdesen (Urtiker, Urticeria); Uyuz (Gale, Scabies); Giciyik (Kasinti, Pruritus); Sa'fe (Konak, Seboreik dermatit, Scurf; Kel (Alopesi, Favus); Evram (Sisler, Urlar, Tumours); Yara (Karha, Cerahat, Wound). The terminology and symptoms of these diseases are studied and tried to find their equivalents of today. The causes and the treatment of the skin diseases known then are presented. The second part of Tokaç's article continues to deal with the etiology, symptoms and treatment of dermatological diseases.

[Dermatological diseases and treatment described in the Turkish manuscripts (XIV-XVth centuries)]. / Ilk dönem (XIV-XV. Yüzyillar) Türkçe tip yazmalarinda cilt hastaliklari ve tedavileri.

This study deals with skin diseases described in the earliest compiled or translated Turkish medical manuscripts of the 14th and 15th centuries in Anatolia. The manuscripts studies are: Müntehab-i Sifa, Edviye-i Müfrede, Tervihü'l-Ervah, Yadigâr, Cerrahiyyetü'l-Haniyye, Kamilü's-Sinaatü't-Tibbiye Tercü-mesi, Kitab-i Müntehab-i fi't-Tibb, Haza'inü's-Sa'adat, Akrabadin Tercümesi, Mücerrebname, Müfredât-Ibn-i Baytar Tercümesi, Tuhfe-i Mübarizi, Tuhfe-i Muradi. The skin disease know at that time are studied under the following topics: Cüderi (Ciçek, Variola, Small-pox); Hasbe (Kizamik, Rubeola, Measles); Cüzzam (Lepra, Leprosy, Hansen's disease); Demregü (Temriye, Dermatophtosis, Tinea coproris); Behak (There are two types: the white and the black; the black is Addison's disease ); Baras (Ala, Vitilio); Nemle (Isirga, Makül); Ates paresi (Nar-i farisi, frunculosis); Cemre (Kara kabarcik, Sirpense, Karbonkül, Carbuncle); Caversiye (Kabarcik hastaligi, blisters disease); Sivilceler (Various types of pimples; Humre: Yilancik, Erizipel, Erysipelas, St. Anthony's fire; Basbert: Ciban, Fronkül, Boil, Fruncle; Dümmel: Kan çibani, Abse, Abscess); Abile (Kabarcik, Bule); Seretan (Kanser, Cancer); Hanaziz (Siraca, Scrofuloderma); Akile (Yinürbas, Gangren); Kurdesen (Urtiker, Urticeria); Uyuz (Gale, Scabies); Giciyik (Kasinti, Prutitus); Sa'fe (Konak, Seboreik dermatit, Scurf); Kel (Aloposi, Favus); Evram (Sisler, Urlar, Tumours); Yara (Karha, Cerahat, Wound). The terminology and symptoms of these diseases are studied and tired to find their equivalents of today. The causes and the treatment of the skin diseases known then are presented.

Skin pathology and medical prognosis in medieval Europe: the secrets of Hippocrates.

This article analyzes a medieval text known as The Secrets of Hippocrates. Neither secret (because of its wide circulation in manuscript and print) nor by Hippocrates, the work offered readers a means of offering a prognosis of impending death based on observable signs on the skin. Although the aphorisms that make up the text make little sense in a modern medical understanding, the Secrets of Hippocrates fits well within three medieval traditions: the tradition of secrets literature, the medieval medical tradition, and the tradition of medieval Christian views about the body. First, like other books of secrets, a genre to whose conventions the text closely adheres, the Secrets of Hippocrates offered a shortcut to socially useful knowledge: the ability to offer an accurate medical prognosis. Second, the treatise corresponded to the medieval physician's concern for the so-called nonnaturals, such as diet and exercise. Third, it fit with a medieval Christian notion that sickness and sin were related, as were sin and ugliness. Just as a leper's deformities were a window to his sinful soul, so skin pathologies could clue a medieval physician to the lethal disease hidden inside the body.

[Dermatological diseases and treatment described in the Turkish manuscripts (XIV-XVth centuries) (part I)]. / Ilk dönem (XIV-XV. yüzyillar) Türkçe tip yazmalarinda cilt hastaliklari ve tedavileri.

This study deals with skin diseases described in the earliest compiled or translated Turkish medical manuscripts of the 14th and 15th centuries in Anatolia. The manuscripts studied are: Müntehab-i Sifa, Edviye-i Müfrede, Tervihü'l-Ervah, Yadigâr, Cerrahiyyetü'l-Haniyye, Kamilü's-Sinaatü't-Tibbiye Tercü-mesi, Kitab-i Müntehab-i fi't-Tibb, Haza'inü's-Sa'adat, Akrabadin Tercümesi, Mücerrebname, Müfredât-i Ibn-i Baytar Tercümesi, Tuhfe-i Mübarizi, Tuhfe-i Muradi. The skin diseases known at that time are studied under the following topics: Cüderi (Ciçek, Variola, Small-pox); Hasbe (Kizamik, Rubeola, Measles); Cüzzam (Lepra, Leprosy, Hansen's disease); Demregü (Temriye, Dermatophtosis, Tinea corporis); Behak (There are two types: the white and the black; the black is Addison's disease); Baras (Ala, Vitilio); Nemle (Isirga, Makül); Ates paresi (Nar-l farisi, frunculosis); Cemre (Kara kabarcik, Sirpençe, Karbonkül, Carbuncle); Caversiye (Kabarcik hastaligi, blisters disease); Sivilceler (Various types of pimples; Humre: Yilancik, Erizipel, Erysipelas, St. Anthony's fire; Basbert: Ciban, Fronkül, Boil, Fruncle; Dümmel: Kan çibani, Abse, Abscess); Abile (Kabarcik, Bule); Seretan (kanser, Cancer); Hanazir (Siraca, Scrofuloderma); Akile (Yinürbas, Gangren); Kurdesen (Urtiker, Urticeria); Uyuz (Gale, Scabies); Giciyik (Kasinti, Pruritus); Sa'fe (Konak, Seboreik dermatit, Scurf); Kel (Alopesi, Favus); Evram (Sisler, Urlar, Tumours); Yara (Karha, Cerahat, Wound). The terminology and symptoms of these diseases are studied and tried to find their equivalents of today. The causes and the treatment of the skin diseases known then are presented.

Tzaraat--"biblical leprosy".

Tzaraat refers to a group of skin diseases that, according to the Old Testament, renders one ritually unclean. Analysis of the text reveals that there are four categories of lesions discussed. Each category has a primary lesion as well as specific secondary changes. The primary lesions include depigmented lesions on previously healthy skin, lesions on previously abnormal skin, lesions on areas of diffuse alopecia, and lesions of localized alopecia. It is unlikely that these diseases have a modern-day counterpart.