Assuntos
Dermatologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Dermatopatias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Instituições de Assistência Ambulatorial/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dermatomicoses/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Omã/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias Virais/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The development of a Brazilian National Surveillance System in 1975 led to a compulsory reporting of selected infectious diseases aiming to reduce the burden of these events in the country. However, shifts in the epidemiology of these diseases associated with modern life style, demand constant revision of surveillance activities. In this manuscript we present the epidemiology, trends and differential diagnosis of the following compulsory notifiable diseases in Brazil: Aids, dengue fever, hanseniasis, American tegumentary leishmaniasis, measles, rubella and congenital rubella syndrome and syphilis. Additionally, the current challenges for control and prevention of each disease are presented.
Assuntos
Notificação de Doenças , Leishmaniose Cutânea/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias Virais/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Leishmaniose Cutânea/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vigilância da População , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/prevenção & controle , Dermatopatias Virais/prevenção & controle , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A estruturação do Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Epidemiológica do Brasil, em 1975, tornou obrigatória a notificação de algumas doenças transmissíveis com o objetivo de reduzir a carga destes eventos no país. Entretanto, as alterações no perfil epidemiológico destas doenças, associadas a características da sociedade contemporânea, determinam a constante adequação das atividades de vigilância a este cenário. Neste manuscrito, são descritos epidemiologia, tendências e diagnóstico diferencial das seguintes doenças dermatológicas de notificação compulsória no Brasil: aids, dengue, hanseníase, leishmaniose tegumentar americana, sarampo, rubéola e síndrome da rubéola congênita e sífilis. Também são apresentados os principais desafios atuais para o controle e prevenção para cada uma dessas doenças no Brasil.
The development of a Brazilian National Surveillance System in 1975 led to a compulsory reporting of selected infectious diseases aiming to reduce the burden of these events in the country. However, shifts in the epidemiology of these diseases associated with modern life style, demand constant revision of surveillance activities. In this manuscript we present the epidemiology, trends and differential diagnosis of the following compulsory notifiable diseases in Brazil: Aids, dengue fever, hanseniasis, American tegumentary leishmaniasis, measles, rubella and congenital rubella syndrome and syphilis. Additionally, the current challenges for control and prevention of each disease are presented.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Notificação de Doenças , Leishmaniose Cutânea/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias Virais/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/prevenção & controle , Vigilância da População , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/prevenção & controle , Dermatopatias Virais/prevenção & controleRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There was a recent epidemic of chikungunya (CKG) in Calicut and other northern districts of Kerala, South India, affecting thousands of people. AIMS: To study the cutaneous manifestations of CKG and to have a serological and histopathological correlation. METHODS: A total of 162 patients (63 males and 99 females) with cutaneous manifestations of CKG were enrolled in the study and serological confirmation was done with capture IgM ELISA for CKG. Skin biopsy was done in all representative cases. RESULTS: Cutaneous manifestations were found more in females. There were 23 children, the youngest being 39 days old. Generalized erythematous macular rash was the most common finding. Vesicles and bullae were also common especially in infants. Localized erythema of the nose and pinnae, erythema and swelling of the pre existing scars and striae and toxic epidermal necrolysis-like lesions sparing mucosae were the other interesting findings. Different types of pigmentation were observed with a striking nose pigmentation in a large number of patients, by looking at which even a retrospective diagnosis of CKG could be made. Hence we suggest this peculiar pigmentation may be called "chik sign". There was flare up of existing dermatoses like psoriasis, lichen planus and unmasking of Hansen's disease with type 1 reaction. Serological tests were positive in 97%. Some hitherto unreported histopathologic findings like melanophages in the erythematous rashes were observed. CONCLUSION: A spectrum of cutaneous manifestations of CKG with a wide variety of unusual presentations with confirmed serological and histopathological evidence was encountered.