RESUMO
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterised by recurrent eczema-like lesions and severe pruritus, along with drying and decrustation of skin. Current research relates the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis mainly to genetic susceptibility, abnormal skin barrier function, immune disorders, Staphylococcus aureus colonisation, microbiological dysfunction and vitamin D insufficiency. Epigenetic modifications are distinct genetic phenotypes resulting from environment-driven changes in chromosome functions in the absence of nuclear DNA sequence variation. Classic epigenetic events include DNA methylation, histone protein modifications and non-coding RNA regulation. Increasing evidence has indicated that epigenetic events are involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis by their effects on multiple signalling pathways which in turn influence the above factors. This review primarily analyses the function of epigenetic regulation in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. In addition, it tries to make recommendations for personalised epigenetic treatment strategies for atopic dermatitis in the future.
Assuntos
Dermatite Atópica , Humanos , Dermatite Atópica/diagnóstico , Dermatite Atópica/genética , Epigênese Genética/genética , Pele/patologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Staphylococcus aureusRESUMO
Although malignant melanoma is not the most common type of skin cancer, it is the most aggressive and fatal type as it can spread out and metastasize progressively. Early diagnosis and interventions lead to improved patient survival. The incidence rate of melanoma is dramatically increasing, with a few newer therapeutic options available. Therefore, establishing a reliable genetic or epigenetic-based diagnostic and prognostic tool is really important. In this review, we highlight the underlying epigenetic mechanisms involved in melanoma. Furthermore, the epigenetic-based therapeutic options will be also discussed. One of the key areas of discussion will be microRNA which is a small, single-stranded RNA molecule that serves as a regulatory element and found to regulate nearly a third of human genes. MicroRNAs play a role in a wide range of diseases including cancer. In malignant cells, it regulates cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis.
Assuntos
Epigênese Genética/genética , Terapia Genética/métodos , Melanoma/genética , Mutação/genética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/genética , Metilação de DNA/genética , Humanos , Melanoma/terapia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/terapiaRESUMO
During the past few decades, advances in the field of molecular genetics have enriched us in understanding the pathogenesis of diseases, their identification, and appropriate therapeutic interventions. In the last 20 years, genetic basis of more than 350 monogenic skin diseases have been elucidated and is counting. The widespread use of molecular genetics as a tool in diagnosis is not practiced routinely due to genetic heterogenicity, limited access and low sensitivity. In this review, we have presented the very basics of genetics so as to enable dermatologists to have working understanding of medical genetics.