Perfil clínico-epidemiológico das pessoas acometidas por hiv/aids, tuberculose e hanseníase no paraná, brasil, 2010-2019 / Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de las personas afectadas por vih/sida, tuberculosis y lepra en paraná, brasil, 2010-2019 / Clinical-epidemiological profile of people affected by hiv/aids, tuberculosis and leprosy in paraná, brazil, 2010-2019

RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil cínico-epidemiológico das pessoas acometidas por HIV/AIDS, tuberculose e hanseníase no Paraná, entre 2010 e 2019. Método: estudo descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, com dados provenientes do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. A população foi definida como os casos novos de HIV/AIDS, tuberculose e hanseníase notificados entre 2010e 2019, no Paraná. Para a análise, foram utilizadas técnicas de estatística descritiva. Resultados: entre 2010 e 2019, foram registrados 14.149 casos de HIV/AIDS, 7.868 de hanseníase e 22.147 de tuberculose. Houve predomínio de casosentre homens, com raça/cor branca e ensino fundamental (in)completo para os três agravos. Evidenciou-se maior número de notificações do HIV/AIDS entre adolescentes e adultos com até 39 anos, da tuberculose entre adultos em fase economicamente ativa e da hanseníase entre adultos com mais de 50 anos. Ademais, observou-se aumento do HIV/AIDS entrehomossexuais e bissexuais, dos óbitos por tuberculose e de crianças/adolescentes com hanseníase. Conclusão: o perfil de homens adultos com baixa escolaridade evidenciado neste estudofoi semelhante à literatura, o que sugere possibilidades de atuação para profissionais da assistência, vigilância e gestão, com vistas à proposição de estratégias direcionadas ao controle do HIV/AIDS, da tuberculose e da hanseníasea nível estadual.

RESUMEN Objetivo: caracterizar el perfil clínico-epidemiológico de las personas afectadas por VIH/sida, tuberculosis y lepra en Paraná/Brasil, entre 2010 y 2019. Método: estudio descriptivo, de abordaje cuantitativo, con datos provenientes del Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación. La población fue definida como los casos nuevos de VIH/sida, tuberculosis y lepra notificados entre 2010 y 2019, en Paraná/Brasil. Para el análisis, se utilizaron técnicas de estadística descriptiva. Resultados: entre 2010 y 2019 se registraron 14.149 casos de VIH/sida, 7.868 de lepra y 22.147 de tuberculosis. Hubo predominio de casos entre hombres, con raza/color blanco y enseñanza primaria (in)completa para los tres agravios. Se evidenció mayor número de notificaciones del VIH/sida entre adolescentes y adultos de hasta 39 años, de la tuberculosis entre adultos en fase económicamente activa y de la lepra entre adultos de más de 50 años. Además, se observó aumento del VIH/sida entre homosexuales y bisexuales, de los óbitos por tuberculosis y de niños/adolescentes con lepra. Conclusión: el perfil de hombres adultos con baja escolaridad evidenciado en este estudio fue similar a la literatura, lo que sugiere posibilidades de actuación para profesionales de la asistencia, vigilancia y gestión, con vistas a proponer estrategias dirigidas al control del VIH/sida, la tuberculosis y la lepra a nivel estatal.

ABSTRACT Objective: to characterize the clinical-epidemiological profile of people affected by HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and leprosy in Paraná, between 2010 and 2019. Method: descriptive study, quantitative approach, with data from the Information System of Notifiable Diseases. The population was defined as new cases of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and leprosy reported between 2010 and 2019 in Paraná. For the analysis, descriptive statistical techniques were used. Results: between 2010 and 2019, 14,149 cases of HIV/AIDS, 7,868 of leprosy and 22,147 of tuberculosis were registered. There was a predominance of cases among men, with white race/color and (in)complete elementary school for the three diseases. There was a higher number of HIV/AIDS notifications among adolescents and adults up to 39 years old, tuberculosis among adults in an economically active phase and leprosy among adults over 50 years old. In addition, there was an increase in HIV/AIDS among homosexuals and bisexuals, deaths from tuberculosis and children/adolescents with leprosy. Conclusion: the profile of adult men with low schooling evidenced in this study was similar to the literature, which suggests possibilities of management, with a view to proposing strategies aimed at controlling HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and leprosy at the state level.

Parenthood among men diagnosed with cancer in childhood and early adulthood: trends over time in a Danish national cohort.

STUDY QUESTION: Is the rate of fatherhood among men diagnosed with cancer in childhood and early adulthood different from men without cancer, and, if so, have the differences changed over time? SUMMARY ANSWER: Men diagnosed with cancer have had significantly reduced rates of fatherhood compared with undiagnosed men; however, the rates of fatherhood among the cancer survivors have increased markedly over time. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The number of children and young adolescents who survive cancer has steadily increased over recent decades, with a current 5-year survival rate of approximately 80%. Consequently, life circumstances after cancer have gained increasing importance, including the desire among survivors to have children and a family. ARTs to aid reproduction among cancer survivors have been developed, and fertility preservation is increasingly a topic being discussed before undergoing cancer treatment. But the potential for fertility preservation differs dependent on age at diagnosis and type of cancer. Earlier studies have shown a decreased fertility rate among survivors of child and adolescent cancer compared to those diagnosed in early adulthood. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: This study is a national, register-based cohort study. Men diagnosed with cancer in childhood and early adulthood (<30 years of age) were registered in the Danish Cancer Register in 1978-2016 (n = 9353). According to the time of diagnosis, each cancer-diagnosed man was randomly matched with 150 undiagnosed men from the background population within the same birth year. The men were followed until having their first child, death, migration or the end of the study (31 December 2017) in medical registers and socio-demographic population registers. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Fatherhood among the boys and young men diagnosed with cancer were compared with the age-matched comparison group in all statistical analyses. Cancer diagnoses were categorised as central nervous system (CNS) cancers, haematological cancers or solid cancers. Analyses were stratified by age at diagnosis (0-9, 10-19, 20-29 years) and time of diagnosis (1978-1989, 1990-1999, 2000-2009, 2010-2016). Death was incorporated as a competing risk in all analyses. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: The study population consisted of 9353 boys and young men diagnosed with cancer between 1978 and 2016 and 1 386 493 men in the age-matched comparison group. Those surviving CNS cancer as young men had the lowest hazard ratio (HR) of fatherhood compared with the age-matched comparison group (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.57-0.79), followed by survivors of haematological cancers (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.81-1.01), while the highest chance of fatherhood was among survivors of solid cancers (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.12-1.20) with a slightly increased HR compared with undiagnosed males. The HR of becoming a father increased over time. From the first decade to the last decade 30 years later, the HR of becoming a father increased for solid tumours (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.73-0.83 to HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.95-1.22), haematological cancers (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.53-0.79 to HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.73-1.30) and CNS cancers (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.34-0.57 to HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.49-1.95) compared to the age-matched comparison group. Also, when compared with the age-matched comparison group, men diagnosed with cancer when aged 20-29 years were more likely became fathers over the time of the study (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.74-0.86 to HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.96-1.22). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: The study was based on register data, and information was not available about the men's fertility potential, whether they had a desire to have children and whether it was possible for them to find a partner. Information about fertility preservation, e.g. sperm freezing, could also have provided additional insights. Furthermore, information about diagnosis and ART treatment would have been beneficial. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Information and education of male patients diagnosed with cancer about fertility preservation options and their chances to create their own family is crucial. Reassuringly, time trends showed more men with a previous cancer diagnosis becoming fathers in recent years than in earlier years, reflecting that survival and fertility preservation have improved over time. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): R.S. received a PhD grant from the Rosa Ebba Hansen Foundation and from the Health Foundation (J.nr. 15-B-0095). The funding for the establishment of the DANAC II Cohort was obtained from the Rosa Ebba Hansen Foundation. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: N/A.