Exposições de acervos do patrimônio científico histórico da hanseníase: homenagem aos 80 anos do Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima / Exhibition of historic scientific heritage of leprosy collections: a tribute to the 80th anniversary of the Institute Lauro de Souza Lima

Ousamos comemorar mais um ano de história deste instituto oferecendo aos nossos funcionários e a sociedade a oportunidade de conhecer e admirar riquezas produzidas nesses 80 anos de vida. Pretendemos apresentar ao público acervos científicos e históricos salva guardados pelo ILSL, que por exigirem condições especiais de acondicionamento e armazenamento ou por questões éticas, não permanecem expostos regularmente.Este livro, permitirá ao público refletir questões referentes ao pertencimento e principalmente sobre as responsabilidades do Instituto,seja com o indivíduo, seja com o mundo, no que tange a preservação e salvaguarda dos acervos ligados a Hanseníase. Neste momento, apresentamos cinco acervos, o de obras raras, o de microfilmagens de prontuários, o acervo iconográfico histórico, o da antiga farmácia e o da Unidade Museológica.Esperamos com esse material que, além de educativo e prazeroso, contribua para uma sociedade mais responsável e comprometedora com esses bens de inestimável valor.

We dare we celebrate another year history of the institute offering our employees and society the opportunity to know and admire wealth produced in these 80 years of life. We intend to present to the public scientific and historical collections safeguardedby ILSL, which require special packaging and storage conditions or for ethical reasons, do not remain exposed regularly. This book, allow the public to reflect issues related to membership and especially on the responsibilities of the Institute,either with the individual, either with the world, with respect to preservation and safeguarding of collections linked to leprosy. At this point, we presentfive collections, the rare works, the microfilming of records, the historic iconographic collection, the oldest pharmacy and the Museological Unit.We hope with this material, as well as educational and enjoyable, contribute to a more responsible and committed company with thesegoods invaluable

[Prof. Masao Ota was interested in Kaisyun Hospital of Kumamoto].

From among the materials of Masao Ota, in the Library of Tokyo University, a letter (1931) was found from Isamu Miyake, prof. of Dermatology, Kumamoto Medical College. Its contents was some information on Kaisyun Hospital (The Kumamoto Hospital of the Resurrection of Hope, leprosy hospital), A calendar (the 1930s) of Kaisyun Hospital was also found in Riddell & Wright's Memorial Museum. This calendar was written in English, and it was to ask for the British and American sponsors to contribute. It includes a lot of articles related to leprosy like Riddell's article. Some new findings related to leprosy at that time were recognized from this calendar.

[Judging reliably. Medical authority and the ability to discriminate between the clean and the unclean]. / Vom zuverlässigen Urteilen. Arztliche Autorität, reichsstädtische Ordnung und der Verlust "armer Glieder Christi" in der Nürnberger Sondersiechenschau.

The article aims to explore the physicians' role at the Nuremberg "Sondersiechenalmosen" in the 15th and 16th centuries. Special attention is given to the question as to how the city's physicians, who claimed expert status superior to other healers and who had special authority to advise the authorities in keeping the city clean and healthy, declared and explained their problems in connection with the "examen leprosorum" on the occasion of the "Sondersiechenschau". From 1394 the city had opened its gates for three days in Holy Week leading up to Easter to offer clerical assistance, food and shelter to foreign lepers. This meant that people were cared for who would not usually have been admitted because they were foreigners as well as being leprous. The physicians' task within that charity was to discriminate between the leprous and foreign beggars, a task which caused serious problems when, in the 16th century, at times two thousand and more foreigners entered the imperial city during Holy Week. When, in 1571, the Nuremberg physician Kammermeister proposed to establish a "Collegium Medicum" in the city of Nuremberg, he described the procedure extensively. The authorities ignored the initial claim to establish a "Collegium Medicum" but requested each academically trained physician of the city to give a personal statement on the physicians' ability to seriously judge the foreigners who claimed to be leprous. Based primarily on these statements, the article hopes to shed some light on the Nuremberg "Sondersiechenalmosen", on the "examen leprosorum", and on the relation between medical judgement and medical authority in general.

Utopia ao avesso nas cidades muradas da hanseníase: apontamentos para a documentação arquitônica e urbanística das colônias de leprosos no Brasil / Utopia on the contrary in the walledcities of leprosy: notes for the architectural and urbanistical documentation of the lepers'colonies in Brasil

Aborda a história das colônias de leprosos no Brasil a partir de um enfoque arquitetônico e urbanístico, especificamente um tipo desses lugares com características urbanas e que optamos denominar cidades hospitais. Essas cidades hospitais foram pricipalmente construídas durante o primeiro governo de Getúlio Vargas-1930/1945, e tornaram-se a principal política estatal para a doença. Acreditamos que a origem desses espaços esteja conectada dentro da história do pensamento ao conceito de utopia desenvolvido no século XVI, de um lugar totalmente novo onde fosse possível se criar uma nova sociedade, e mais recentemente no século XIX às novas propostas de sociedades e cidades. Durante a administração Vargas esse conceito foi uma referência para o desenvolvimento dessa nova tipologia de colônia, nas quais seria possível apartar o doente da sociedade, mas ao mesmo tempo recriar em confinamento uma vida social com os valores nacionais requeridos pelo governo. Indica alguns pontos a serem considerados na documentação e análise desses hospitais. (AU)

Hospital Nacional Baldomero Sommer: reseña histórica / National Hospital Baldomero Sommer: historical review

Referencia a la fundación del Sanatorio Baldomero Sommer, uno de los cinco creados en la lucha contra la lepra en Argentina. Reseña histórica de los cambios y adecuaciones que se produjeron en función de los avances de la medicina en el control de la enfermedad, convertido hoy en Hospital Nacional

Carville and Curupaiti: experiences of confinement and community

Apresenta uma breve história da política do isolamento e do desenvolvimento de estruturas comunitárias em duas instituiçöes, Carville e Curupaiti, nos Estados Unidos e no Brasil, respectivamente. Os dilemas modernos frente à administraçäo, às equipes e aos residentes destas instituiçöes também seräo discutidos. (AU)

A monument to Lazarus: the leprosy hospital of Rio de Janeiro

A história desse hospital é uma fonte de conhecimento sobre as relaçöes complexas existentes entre os cidadäos, a Igreja e o Estado. O hospital atualmente chamado Frei Antônio teve importante papel na evoluçäo de profissöes ligadas à saúde, no progresso das ciências médicas e na gênese do movimento higienista no Brasil. Esse estudo também contribui para a história de uma doença que persiste no Brasil de 2003 como questäo sanitária. (AU)

Revealing a history of exclusion: the experience at Hospital Colonia Itapuä Data and Research Center

Fundado em maio de 1940, no município de Viamäo, Rio Grande do Sul, o Hospital Colônia Itapuä foi criado para abrigar os portadores do mal de Hansen. Construído para funcionar como uma microcidade, o hospital foi palco de inúmeras histórias de vida e trabalho. Os fragmentos destas trajetórias coletivas e individuais estäo sendo resgatados desde 1999, quando foi implementado o Centro de Documentaçäo e Pesquisa (Cedope/HCI). É através das atividades desde centro que propöe apresentar uma aproximaçäo com a história do hospital e daqueles que viveram e ainda vivem nesta instituiçäo. (AU)

The Leper Hospital of St Mary Magdalene at Baldock, Hertfordshire.

The remains of the old Leper Hospital in Baldock have been identified. In the parish church of St Mary's in Clothall, medieval glass roundels show Mary Magdalene with left sided facial palsy. This is the oldest visual art depiction of this condition.

Defender os sao e consolar os lazaros: lepra e isolamento no Brasil 1935/1976 / ?

A hanseniase, antiga lepra, sempre constituiu-se num grave problema de saude publica mundial, situacao que pouco se diferencia da atualidade. Introduzida no Brasil por europeus e africanos, junto com o bacilo aportou o estigma e a memoria mitica da doenca. um dos males mais antigos a afligir a humanidade, sobre ele encontra-se referencias variadas nos mais diversos povos e regioes do mundo. O periodo abordado na pesquisa, de 1935 a 1976, corresponde na historia brasileira, em termos de saude publica, aquele em que o Estado, pressionado por determinados segmentos sociais, edifica uma rede institucional exclusivamente dedicada ao "combate a lepra" objetivando a erradicacao desse mal no pais. Essa rede institucional utilizava como medida profilatica central o isolamento dos acometidos em estabelecimentos especialmente destinados a esse fim. Complementando esta pratica foram instituidos os preventorios para os filhos indenes dos leprosos e os dispensarios de lepra para vigiar e controlar os demais familiares, amigos, parentes e outros que haviam convivido com aquele que estava sendo internado. A vida de todos ficaria marcada e estigmatizada. Filhos orfaos, pai ou mae na viuvez, com dificuldades no trabalho e no convivio social, e o ente infectado trancafiado em nome da preservacao dos "saos". Todos privados do ambiente familiar. Preventorio, dispensarios e asilos-colonias eram, respectivamente, seus destinos. Arsenal profilatico que deveria ter acabado com a lepra no Brasil. A pesquisa procurou contextualizar este conjunto de praticas discursivas e nao discursivas que fundamentaram o isolamento dos leprosos no pais e demonstrar o imbricado entralacamento entre filantropia, medicina e o Estado nas atividades relacionadas com a lepra no Brasil do seculo XX. No entanto, a hanseniase, como hoje e denominada no Brasil a doenca provocada pelo Mycobacterium leprae, permanece um desafio. Nem o isolamento nem a moderna quimioterapia conseguiram debelar a endemia. Procurou-se, ainda que limitadamente, compreender os inumeros acontecimentos, mitos, memorias e tragedias que envolveram e lamentavelmente ainda envolvem, os acometidos por esse mal no decorrer do periodo em que vigorou o isolamento compulsorio no pais. Hoje uma doenca, outrora uma categoria que combinava exclusao social, perigo infectante e individuos indesejaveis. Hoje hanseniase, ontem lepra

The leper Hospital of St Mary Magdalene at Baldock, Hertfordshire

The remains of the old Leper Hospital in Baldock have been identified. In the parish church of St Mary's in Clothall, medieval glass roundels show Mary Magdalene with left sided facial palsy. This is the oldest visual art depiction of this condition.

[History of Saint-Louis' hospital through his building's history]. / Histoire de l'Hopital Saint-Louis a travers l'histoire de ses batiments.

After a few epidemics of pestis in the XVth century, the authority decided to erect a new hospital far from the heart of the city of Paris with an adapted architecture to isolation of contagious patients. All the buildings of the hospital were built in the same time and the result is homogeneous. The architecture is characterized by a central quadrilateral, four buildings in square, a chapel and few others pavilions. To maintain isolation, many galleries communicate to the squares and the stores. We can also find a cistern, a pavilion for the baths and one consecrated to the treatment of the leprosy and erected by the Order of Knighthood of Malta. All these edifices are scheduled as an ancient monument and actually don't receive patients but are hallowed to research, formation or meeting. A new hospital has been erected at the back of the old one.

[Hospitals: place for the sick and other challenged persons]. / Os hospitais: lugar de doentes e de outros personagens menos referenciados.

The hospitals were, since its source, a place of retirement and shelter of sick people. The Church, in Middle Age, founded hospitals in their monasteries, where sick people took care and a assistance, more religious than therapeutic. In the final of Middle Age the hospital became an exclusion's place for the crazy people, the leprous people, the bec people and the sick people were guided to. With de arisemens hospital became privilegious space where sick people could be observed and the art of care was consolidate. The apprehension of care practices by the capitalism way of production changed the welcoming character of the hospital that would be an instrument of work, productive space not only of treatment but, foremost, of values.

An exile in my own country: the confinement of leprosy patients at the United States National Leprosarium.

Leprosy is a disease which has long been stigmatized and persons afflicted with it have frequently been segregated from the rest of society. This paper focuses on the evolution of policies concerning the confinement of patients at the national leprosarium operated by the United States Public Health Service (PHS) at Carville, Louisiana. After a brief review of the origins of the Lousiana Leper Home, which eventually became the national leprosarium, the paper traces changing attitudes and policies at Carville from 1921, when the PHS took control of the facility, to the 1950s.

The influence of the San Lazaro Hospital of Seville in the creation and management techniques of the "lazaretto" hospitals in the Americas.

The San Lazaro Hospital of Seville that was established in the middle of the 13th century was one of the most important in Spain and Europe throughout nearly eight centuries in terms of caring for leprosy patients. In the 1930s the exclusive treatment of leprosy patients ceased and San Lazaro became a general hospital. The Spanish Crown (Alfonso X) accorded certain privileges and rules to the hospital which also were conferred by subsequent monarchs. These rules and ordinances contributed to the establishment and functioning of many lazarettos throughout the Americas of which we have documentation, notably those of Santo Domingo, Tlaxplana (Mexico City), Lima, Cartagena de Incias, La Habana, and Yucatan.