[Leprosy epidemiology in Daoukro health district (Côte d'Ivoire) from 1999 to 2017]. / Épidémiologie de la lèpre dans le district sanitaire de Daoukro (Côte d'Ivoire) de 1999 à 2017.

Introduction: Leprosy is a real problem in the Daoukro health district despite the actions of the National programme for elimination. Objective: To describe the epidemiological and clinical profile of new leprosy cases in the Daoukro health district from 1999 to 2017. Method: Descriptive survey including leprosy patients admitted to the dermato-leprology department from 1999 to 2017. Results: From 1999 to 2017, the incidence of leprosy fluctuated from 4.4 to 0 per 100,000 with a peak of 14.2 in 2003. In 2016 and 2017 no cases of leprosy were reported. The mean age was 36.8 years (SD=20). A majority of cases were uneducated and living in rural areas. Females and children under 15 years of age accounted for 53% and 16% of cases respectively. Clinically, cutaneous signs were predominant in the patients. The multibacillary form accounted for 82%. Nearly 1 out of 4 patients had a grade 2 disability (24%). All patients received treatment (multidrug therapy). Among them, 83.8% were cured, while 0.5% were not cured. In addition, regarding 29 patients (15.7%) details of how their disease progressed were not available. Among the patients declared cured, 26% had sequels. Conclusion: Leprosy control activities must be strengthened in order to maintain the achievements in this non-endemic district.

[Hospital admissions due to neglected tropical diseases in Piauí, in the Northeast region of Brazil: costs, time trends, and spatial patterns, 2001-2018]. / Hospitalizações por doenças tropicais negligenciadas no Piauí, Nordeste do Brasil: custos, tendências temporais e padrões espaciais, 2001-2018.

To characterize the magnitude of hospital admissions and costs of patients with neglected tropical diseases, their time trends, and spatial patterns in Piauí, in the Northeast Region of Brazil, in 2001-2018. Ecological study of mixed designs, with calculation of relative risk (RR), time-trend analysis by Poisson regression, and inflection points, using data from neglected tropical diseases Hospital Admission Authorizations available in the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SIH/SUS). Data showed 49,832 hospital admissions due to neglected tropical diseases in the period (rate: 86.70/100,000 inhabitants; 95%CI: 83.47; 89.93); of these, dengue (78.2%), leishmaniasis (8.6%), and leprosy (6.4%). The total cost was BRL 34,481,815.43, 42.8% of which referred to medium complexity cases. Higher risks of hospitalization occurred among people ≥ 60 years (RR = 1.8; 95%CI: 1.5; 2.2), mixed race/color (RR = 1.7; 95%CI: 1.1; 2.4), residents of municipalities presenting medium social vulnerability (RR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.3; 1.6), and population size (RR = 1.6; 95%CI: 1.4; 1.9). The time trend showed a reduction in hospital admissions due to neglected tropical diseases, 2003-2018 (annual percent change - APC: -10.3; 95%CI: -14.7; -5.6). The spatial pattern showed clusters with higher rates of hospital admission in border municipalities located south of the Mid-north macroregion, north of the Semiarid macroregion, and south of the Cerrados macroregion. Piauí remains with high hospital admission rates and costs for neglected tropical diseases. Despite the reduction in time trends, knowledge burden, population groups, and municipalities at greater risk and vulnerability reinforce the importance of monitoring and strengthening control actions to maintain the reduction of the burden and costs of hospital admission due to neglected tropical diseases in the state.

Caracterizar a magnitude das internações hospitalares e custos por doenças tropicais negligenciadas, suas tendências temporais e padrões espaciais no Piauí, Nordeste do Brasil, 2001-2018. Estudo ecológico misto, com cálculo de risco relativo (RR) e análise de tendência temporal por regressão de Poisson, pontos de inflexão, utilizando-se dados de Autorizações de Internações Hospitalares por doenças tropicais negligenciadas via Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS). Verificaram-se 49.832 internações hospitalares por doenças tropicais negligenciadas (taxa: 86,70/100 mil habitantes; IC95%: 83,47; 89,93) no período, principalmente dengue (78,2%), leishmanioses (8,6%) e hanseníase (6,4%). O custo total foi de R$ 34.481.815,43, sendo 42,8% de média complexidade. Maiores riscos de hospitalizações ocorreram em: pessoas ≥ 60 anos (RR = 1,8; IC95%:1,5; 2,2), etnia/cor parda (RR = 1,7; IC95%: 1,1; 2,4), residentes em municípios de média vulnerabilidade social (RR = 1,5; IC95%: 1,3; 1,6) e porte populacional (RR = 1,6; IC95%: 1,4; 1,9). A tendência temporal foi de redução nas taxas de internações hospitalares por doenças tropicais negligenciadas, 2003-2018 (variação percentual anual - APC: -10,3; IC95%: -14,7; -5,6). O padrão espacial apresentou aglomerados com maiores taxas de internações hospitalares nos municípios limítrofes ao sul da macrorregião Meio-norte, norte do Semiárido e sul dos Cerrados. O Piauí persiste com elevadas taxas de hospitalizações e custos por doenças tropicais negligenciadas. Apesar da redução nas tendências temporais, o conhecimento de sua carga, seus grupos populacionais e municípios de maior risco e vulnerabilidade reforçam a importância do monitoramento e fortalecimento das ações de controle para manutenção na redução da carga e custos de internações hospitalares por doenças tropicais negligenciadas no estado.

Caracterizar la magnitud de las internaciones hospitalarias y los costos por las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas, sus tendencias temporales y patrones espaciales en Piauí, Nordeste de Brasil, 2001-2018. Estudio ecológico mixto, con cálculo de riesgo relativo (RR), y análisis de tendencia temporal por regresión de Poisson, puntos de inflexión, utilizando datos de Autorizaciones de Internaciones Hospitalarias por enfermedades tropicales desatendidas a través del Sistema de Informaciones Hospitalarias del Sistema Único de Salud (SIH/SUS). Se verificó 49.832 internaciones hospitalarias por enfermedades tropicales desatendidas (tasa: 86,70/100.000 habitantes; IC95%: 83,47; 89,93) en el periodo, las más frecuentes dengue (78,2 %), leishmaniasis (8,6%) y lepra (6,4%). El costo total fue de BRL 34.481.815,43, siendo 42,8 %, fueron de mediana complejidad. Los mayores riesgos de hospitalización se dieron en: personas ≥ 60 años (RR = 1,8; IC95%: 1,5; 2,2), etnia/color pardo (RR = 1,7; IC95%: 1,1; 2,4), residentes en municipios de vulnerabilidad social media (RR = 1,5; IC95%: 1,3; 1,6) y tamaño de la población (RR = 1,6; IC95%: 1,4; 1,9). La tendencia temporal fue de reducción en las tasas de internaciones hospitalarias por enfermedades tropicales desatendidas, 2003-2018 (cambio porcentual anual - APC: -10,3; IC95%: -14,7; -5,6). El patrón espacial presentó conglomerados con mayores tasas de internaciones hospitalarias en los municipios limítrofes al sur de la macrorregión del Medio-norte, el norte del Semiárido, y sur de los Cerrados. El Piauí persiste con elevadas tasas de hospitalizaciones y costos por enfermedades tropicales desatendidas. A pesar de la reducción de las tendencias temporales, el conocimiento de su carga, los grupos poblacionales y los municipios de mayor riesgo y vulnerabilidad refuerzan la importancia del monitoreo y fortalecimiento de las acciones de control para mantenimiento en la reducción de la carga y los costos de internaciones hospitalarias por enfermedades tropicales desatendidas en el estado.

History of the Santa Maria and San Gallicano Dermatological Hospital.

The Santa Maria and San Gallicano Hospital represents one of the first dermatological centers founded in the world; since its establishment its aim is to treat widespread skin diseases such as leprosy, scabies, ringworm, prurigo and mange. Its construction began on March 14, 1725 with a ceremony held for the laying of the foundation stone. Its official inauguration, however, is dated October 6, 1726 when Pope Benedict XIII issued the Bonus ille Seal. The hospital's origins stem from the apostolic and charitable work by Father Emilio Lami, who was its first prior, and by the tenacious will of Cardinal Pietro Marcellino Corradini who was its protector. As can be seen by the marble plaque, still preserved and dated 1725, the health facility was intended for people with skin diseases. Venereal affections, such as syphilis and gonorrhea, were instead treated starting from the second half of the 19th century under the direction of Dr. Pietro Shilling and subsequently Dr. Gaetano Ciarrocchi. Since the 18th century, the hospital, built initially by architect Filippo Raguzzini, underwent expansion work including the construction of the "Nuova Corsia dei ragazzi tignoselli" ward, the "Anatomical Theater" of great artistic value and of the "Celtic Rooms." More recently, from the 1939, the hospital obtained, and still maintains today, the recognition as an Institute for Hospitalization and Care of a Scientific Nature (IRCCS); a clear indication of its authoritativeness and value during almost three centuries of history.

Hanseníase: internamento compulsório e os percalços familiares à luz da história oral / Leprosy: compulsory internment and family mishaps in the light of oral history / Lepra: hospitalización obligatoria y contratiempos familiares a la luz de la historia oral

Introdução: a hanseníase é uma doença secular mantida por muitos anos como incurável, levando à segregação do doente. Os mecanismos excludentes contra o leproso tinham a premissa de proteger a população sadia, ao mesmo tempo em que se constituíam como empecilhos à manutenção do vínculo familiar. Objetivo: analisar o efeito do tratamento compulsório da hanseníase em hospitais-colônias nas relações familiares, na perspectiva daquele que possui parentesco com um ex-doente. Método: estudo qualitativo, utilizando-se da história oral temática. A colônia foi composta pelos 52 familiares de ex-doentes de hanseníase e a rede por 10 colaboradores, de ambos os sexos, com idade de 44 a 76 anos. Utilizou-se a entrevista, com questões abrangentes, submetida à análise temática de conteúdo. A pesquisa foi aprovada com Parecer de nº 650.654/2014. Resultados: mediante a análise, emergiram três categorias: desestruturação da organização familiar, distanciamento familiar e alteração no suporte familiar, os quais abordam as consequências nas relações familiares, estabelecidas mediante a experiência de se ter um parente acometido pela lepra e vitimado pelo internamento compulsório em hospitais-colônias. O distanciamento modificou as relações e o vínculo familiar entre os ex-doentes de lepra tratados em ambiente asilar e seus familiares. Conclusão: as histórias narradas relatam danos vivenciados no passado como consequência da ruptura familiar sofrida pelos colaboradores do estudo frente à política adotada como profilaxia e controle da lepra. Diante dessa parte do histórico da doença relatada no presente estudo, e de suas características epidemiológicas, torna-se relevante considerar a subjetividade dos indivíduos com hanseníase, proporcionando cuidado integral.(AU)

Introduction: leprosy is a secular disease maintained for many years as incurable, leading to segregation of the patient. The exclusionary mechanisms against the leper had the premise of protecting the healthy population, while they constituted obstacles to the maintenance of the family bond. Objective: to analyze the effect of compulsory leprosy treatment in hospital-colonies on family relationships, from the perspective of those who are related to a ex-patient. Method: qualitative study, using thematic oral history. The colony was composed of 52 relatives of ex-leprosy patients and the network of 10 collaborators, of both sexes, aged 44 to 76 years. The interview was used, with comprehensive questions, submitted to thematic content analysis. The survey was approved with Opinion No. 650,654/2014...(AU)

Introducción: la lepra es una enfermedad secular considerada durante muchos años como incurable, segregando al paciente. Los mecanismos de exclusión contra el leproso tenían la premisa de proteger a la población sana, al mismo tiempo que constituían obstáculos para el mantenimiento del vínculo familiar. Objetivo: analizar el efecto del tratamiento obligatorio de la lepra en hospitales-colonias sobre las relaciones familiares, desde la perspectiva de alguien relacionado con un ex paciente. Método: estudio cualitativo, utilizando historia oral temática. La colonia estaba compuesta por 52 familiares de ex pacientes de lepra y la red de 10 colaboradores, de ambos sexos, de 44 a 76 años. Se utilizó la entrevista con preguntas amplias, sometidas a análisis de contenido temático. La encuesta fue aprobada con el dictamen No. 650,654 / 2014. Resultados: a través del análisis surgieron tres categorías: desestructuración de la organización familiar, distanciamiento familiar y cambios en el apoyo familiar, que enfocan las consecuencias en las relaciones familiares, establecidas a través de la experiencia de tener un familiar afectado por la lepra y victimizado por la internación obligatoria en hospitalescolonias. El distanciamiento alteró las relaciones y el vínculo entre los ex pacientes con lepra tratados en un entorno de asilo y sus familiares. Conclusión: las historias narradas reportan daños sufridos en el pasado como consecuencia de la ruptura familiar de los participantes del estudio ante la política adoptada como profilaxis y control de la lepra. En vista de esta parte de la historia de la enfermedad reportada en el presente estudio, y de sus características epidemiológicas, resulta relevante considerar la subjetividad de las personas con lepra, brindando atención integral.(AU)

Predictors of mortality in patients with yellow fever: an observational cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Yellow fever virus infection results in death in around 30% of symptomatic individuals. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of death measured at hospital admission in a cohort of patients admitted to hospital during the 2018 outbreak of yellow fever in the outskirts of São Paulo city, Brazil. METHODS: In this observational cohort study, we enrolled patients with yellow fever virus from two hospitals in São Paolo-the Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo and the Infectious Diseases Institute "Emilio Ribas". Patients older than 18 years admitted to hospital with fever or myalgia, headache, arthralgia, oedema, rash, or conjunctivitis were consecutively screened for inclusion in the present study. Consenting patients were included if they had travelled to geographical areas in which yellow fever virus cases had been previously confirmed. Yellow fever infection was confirmed by real-time PCR in blood collected at admission or tissues at autopsy. We sequenced the complete genomes of yellow fever virus from infected individuals and evaluated demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings at admission and investigated whether any of these measurements correlated with patient outcome (death). FINDINGS: Between Jan 11, 2018, and May 10, 2018, 118 patients with suspected yellow fever were admitted to Hospital das Clínicas, and 113 patients with suspected yellow fever were admitted to Infectious Diseases Institute "Emilio Ribas". 95 patients with suspected yellow fever were included in the study, and 136 patients were excluded. Three (3%) of 95 patients with suspected yellow fever who were included in the study were excluded because they received a different diagnosis, and 16 patients with undetectable yellow fever virus RNA were excluded. Therefore, 76 patients with confirmed yellow fever virus infection, based on detectable yellow fever virus RNA in blood (74 patients) or yellow fever virus confirmed only at the autopsy report (two patients), were included in our analysis. 27 (36%) of 76 patients died during the 60 day period after hospital admission. We generated 14 complete yellow fever virus genomes from the first 15 viral load-detectable samples. The genomes belonged to a single monophyletic clade of the South America I genotype, sub-genotype E. Older age, male sex, higher leukocyte and neutrophil counts, higher alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase (AST), bilirubin, and creatinine, prolonged prothrombin time, and higher yellow fever virus RNA plasma viral load were associated with higher mortality. In a multivariate regression model, older age, elevated neutrophil count, increased AST, and higher viral load remained independently associated with death. All 11 (100%) patients with neutrophil counts of 4000 cells per mL or greater and viral loads of 5·1 log10 copies/mL or greater died (95% CI 72-100), compared with only three (11%) of 27 (95% CI 2-29) among patients with neutrophil counts of less than 4000 cells per mL and viral loads of less than 5·1 log10 copies/mL. INTERPRETATION: We identified clinical and laboratory predictors of mortality at hospital admission that could aid in the care of patients with yellow fever virus. Identification of these prognostic markers in patients could help clinicians prioritise admission to the intensive care unit, as patients often deteriorate rapidly. Moreover, resource allocation could be improved to prioritise key laboratory examinations that might be more useful in determining whether a patient could have a better outcome. Our findings support the important role of the virus in disease pathogenesis, suggesting that an effective antiviral could alter the clinical course for patients with the most severe forms of yellow fever. FUNDING: São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP).

Cost of three models of care for drug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Nigeria accounts for a significant proportion of the global drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) burden, a large proportion of which goes untreated. Different models for managing DR-TB treatment with varying levels of hospitalization are in use across Nigeria, however costing evidence is required to guide the scale up of DR-TB care. We aimed to estimate and compare the costs of different DR-TB treatment and care models in Nigeria. METHODS: We estimated the costs associated with three models of DR-TB treatment and care: Model (A) patients are hospitalized throughout the 8-month intensive phase, Model (B) patients are partially hospitalized during the intensive phase and Model (C) is entirely ambulatory. Costs of treatment, in-patient and outpatient care and diagnostic and monitoring tests were collected using a standardized data collection sheet from six sites through an ingredient's approach and cost models were based on the Nigerian National Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Buruli Ulcer Guideline - Sixth Edition (2014) and Guideline for programmatic and clinical management of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Nigeria (2015). RESULTS: Assuming adherence to the Nigerian DR-TB guidelines, the per patient cost of Model A was $18,528 USD, Model B $15,159 USD and Model C $9425 USD. Major drivers of cost included hospitalization (Models A and B) and costs of out-patient consultations and supervision (Model C). CONCLUSION: Utilizing a decentralized ambulatory model, is a more economically viable approach for the expansion of DR-TB care in Nigeria, given that patient beds for DR-TB treatment and care are limited and costs of hospitalized treatment are considerably more expensive than ambulatory models. Scale-up of less expensive ambulatory care models should be carefully considered in particular, when treatment efficacy is demonstrated to be similar across the different models to allow for patients not requiring hospitalization to be cared for in the least expensive way.

Colônia Santa Marta e a reintegração social dos ex-internos em Goias / Colony santa marta and the social reintegration of ex-interns in Goias

Analisa o problema da reintegração social dos ex-internos da Colônia Santa Marta em Goiânia, diante do processo de readequação dos antigos leprosários. A cura da doença e o fim da exigência de isolamento dos atingidos pela hanseníase também compõem esta análise. No entanto, o estudo está centrado no processo de constituição de uma política de assistência médica específica e de reintegração social dos ex-internos e os resultados do afastamento social e familiar a que eles estiveram obrigados durante o período de internamento

Seasonality of the hospitalizations at a dermatologic ward (2007-2017)

Abstract: There is little data in the literature concerning dermatologic admissions. Several diseases are seasonal in incidence and clinical worsening. We performed a survey of hospitalizations in the dermatology ward of a public hospital (April/2007 to May/2017). There were 1790 hospitalizations, whose main diagnoses were infectious dermatoses, neoplasias, psoriasis, bullous diseases and cutaneous ulcers. In winter, there were fewer hospitalizations for bacterial infections and urticaria, but more for leprosy. In summer, there were fewer hospitalizations for systemic and subcutaneous mycoses, but more for zoodermatoses and erythema multiforme. In the fall, more patients were admitted with mycoses. Spring favored urticaria and angioedema, but less cases of erythema multiforme and diabetic foot.

Seasonality of the hospitalizations at a dermatologic ward (2007-2017).

There is little data in the literature concerning dermatologic admissions. Several diseases are seasonal in incidence and clinical worsening. We performed a survey of hospitalizations in the dermatology ward of a public hospital (April/2007 to May/2017). There were 1790 hospitalizations, whose main diagnoses were infectious dermatoses, neoplasias, psoriasis, bullous diseases and cutaneous ulcers. In winter, there were fewer hospitalizations for bacterial infections and urticaria, but more for leprosy. In summer, there were fewer hospitalizations for systemic and subcutaneous mycoses, but more for zoodermatoses and erythema multiforme. In the fall, more patients were admitted with mycoses. Spring favored urticaria and angioedema, but less cases of erythema multiforme and diabetic foot.

Características sociodemográficas e opiniões sobre a instituição de pacientes com hanseníase residentes em um hospital / Sociodemographic characteristics and opinions on the institution of patients with hanseníase residents in a hospital

Descrever características sociodemográficas e opiniões sobre a instituição de pacientes com hanseníase residentes em um hospital...

To describe sociodemographic characteristics and opinions about the institution of patients with leprosy residing in a hospital...

Describir características sociodemográficas y opiniones sobre la institución de pacientes con lepra residentes en un hospital...

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Children and Adolescents with Leprosy Admitted Over 16 Years at a Rural Hospital in Ethiopia: A Retrospective Analysis.

AIM: To analyse differences in children and adolescents aged ≤18 years admitted to the leprosy ward in a rural Ethiopian hospital >16 years. METHODS: We retrospectively collected data from leprosy admission registry books on patients with leprosy who were admitted to a referral hospital from September 2000 to September 2016. RESULTS: There were 2129 admissions for leprosy during the study period: 180 (8.4%) patients were s ≤ 18 years old. Of these, 98 (54.4%) were male and 82 (45.6%) were female. The proportion of new diagnoses in children and adolescents was 31.7%, significantly higher than in adults (11.7%; p < 0.001). There were also significant differences in the prevalence of lepromatous ulcers (46.9 vs. 61.7%), leprosy reaction (29.4 vs. 13.0%) and neuritis (16.9 vs.5.3%) between these age groups. CONCLUSIONS: There were more new diagnoses, leprosy reactions and neuritis, and fewer lepromatous ulcers, in children and adolescents compared with adults, with younger patients being referred more frequently to reference centres.

Características epidemiológicas en pacientes ingresados por lepra en un hospital rural de referencia en Etiopía durante 14 años / No disponible

Introducción: El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las características clínico epidemiológicas y evolutivas de los de los pacientes ingresados en una sala de hospitalización específica de la lepra. Métodos: Recogida retrospectiva de datos de pacientes ingresados por lepra usando los libros de registro de admisión desde septiembre 2002 hasta septiembre 2016 en el Hospital General Rural de Gambo. Resultados: Durante el período de estudio hubo 2.134 ingresos en la sala de lepra; de ellos 1.386 (64,9%) fueron hombres, el ratio de admisiones hombres /mujeres fue 1,9. Ciento ochenta pacientes (8,4%) pacientes tenían 18 años o menos. El número de casos nuevos fue 287 (13,4%) frente a los antiguos casos 1.847 (86,6%). Mil setecientos ochenta y cuatro pacientes presentaban lepra multibacilar (83,6%). El principal diagnóstico durante el ingreso fueron úlceras de piel neuropáticas (n=1280; 60%). Otros diagnósticos por orden de frecuencia fueron leprorreacción (n=305; 14,3%) y neuropatía (n=132; 6,2%). La mediana de estancia en el hospital fue 58 días (recorrido intercuartílico: 31-96,5). La mayoría de los pacientes se recuperaron satisfactoriamente al alta 1.822 (84,9%). La mortalidad fue baja 1,7%. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes eran varones, que ingresaron en el curso de la enfermedad (en tratamiento o antiguos leprosos), la mayoría adultos y principalmente por ulceraciones

Introduction: The objective of the study was to analyze the clinical and evolutionary characteristics of the patients admitted to a specific hospitalization room for leprosy at the Hospital Rural of Gambo .Methods: Retrospective data collection of patients admitted for leprosy using the admission logbooks from September 2002 to September 2016 at the General Rural Hospital of Gambo. Results: During the study period, there were 2,134 admissions in the leprosy ward; there were 1,386 (64.9%) men, the ratio of admissions for men / women was 1.9. One hundred and eighty patients (8.4%) were 18 years or younger. The number of new cases was 287 (13.4%) compared to the old cases, 1,847 (86.6%). One thousand seven hundred and eighty four patients presented multibacillary leprosy (83.6%). The main diagnosis during admission was neuropathic skin ulcers (n = 1280; 60%). Other diagnoses in order of frequency were leprosy reactions (n = 305, 14.3%) and neuropathy (n = 132, 6.2%). The median hospital stay was 58 days (interquartile range: 31-96.5). The majority of the patients recovered satisfactorily at the 1822 discharge (84.9%). Mortality was low 1.7%. Conclusions: The majority of the patients were men, who entered the course of the disease (in treatment or old lepers), most of them adults and mainly ulcerations

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular changes in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis and their correlation with disease severity: A hospital-based cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Previous epidemiological studies suggest an association between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome and risk of subclinical atherosclerosis. However, there is a paucity of data in the Indian population on these associations. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis compared to healthy controls and to correlate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome with severity of psoriasis. METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was performed on 140 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis and 140 controls. Psoriasis was categorized as mild, moderate and severe based on psoriasis area and severity index (<10, 10-14 and ≥15, respectively) and as disease of short (<1 year), intermediate (1-3 years) and long duration (>3 years). In all patients and controls, body mass index was calculated, blood pressure and waist circumference were measured and fasting bloaod sugar and lipid profile were estimated. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by the presence of 3 or more of the modified National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. A subset of 30 psoriatic patients and 30 healthy controls were selected by the systematic sampling method for cardiac evaluation including electrocardiography, echocardiography and carotid intima-media thickness measurement. RESULTS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly more in psoriatic patients than in controls (39.3% vs. 17.1%, odds ratio = 3.13). Psoriatic patients also had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension, abdominal obesity and diabetes. There was a significant trend to increase in prevalence of metabolic syndrome, hypertension and type 2 diabetes with increased severity and longer duration of the psoriasis. Patients with psoriasis had significantly higher carotid intima-media thickness (mean 0.61 mm ± 0.01 mm vs. 0.37 mm ± 0.01 mm) than controls. LIMITATION: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study with a relatively small sample size. A prospective study with a larger sample would have validated the results further. CONCLUSION: There is a significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in psoriasis patients as compared to controls; the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components increases with severity and duration of psoriasis. There is a higher prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with psoriasis thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. We suggest that patients with moderate to severe psoriasis be screened routinely for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease and encouraged to correct modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.

Passados que existem quando narrados: lepra, memória e esquecimento / After that exist when narrated: leprosy, memory and forgetfulness

Iniciando com uma abordagem institucional do combate à lepra, pretende-se discutir o desafio de sair dessa via e encontrar os sujeitos que vivenciaram a doença em primeira pessoa. Através de algumas fontes dispersas é possível conhecer um pouco do sofrimento humano representado pela lepra, através de prontuários e da história oral abre-se a possibilidade de conhecer esses passados que, sem esse recurso aos testemunhos, estariam esquecidos para sempre. Uma "outra história emerge entre as lembranças e esquecimentos. O desafio que se apresenta, além de coletar esses testemunhos, é garantir um espaço para sua guarda e comunicação. Apresenta uma história institucional do combate à lepra, os doentes de lepra no Rio Grande do Sul, os primeiros internados no Hospital Colônia Itapuã, as memórias da doença e do isolamento, e o Centro de Documentação e Pesquisa do Hospital Colônia Itapuã como lugar de preservação desses memórias.(AU)

Dengue: estudo dos casos confirmados e hospitalizados no Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas no período de 2008 à 2013 / Dengue: study of confirmed and hospitalized cases at the Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas from 2008 to 2013

Introdução: A dengue é uma doença infecciosa febril aguda que pode causar desde infecções assintomáticas até formas mais graves e óbitos. O aumento no número de casos nos últimos anos também resultou no aumento das hospitalizações, enfatizando a importância em conhecer os aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos desses pacientes. Objetivo: Analisar os aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos dos casos confirmados e hospitalizados de dengue no Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, no período de 2008 a 2013. Metodologia: Estudo transversal descritivo com abordagem quantitativa dos casos confirmados e hospitalizados de dengue no período de 2008 a 2013, obtidos através do banco de Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), das Fichas de Investigação Epidemiológica e de prontuários, totalizando 52 casos. Resultados e Discussão: No período estudado, a maioria (55,8%) dos casos foi hospitalizada no ano de 2010. A idade dos pacientes variou de 6 a 83 anos, com predomínio do sexo feminino (55,8%) e da faixa etária de 20 a 39 anos (30,8%). Dos 52 pacientes, 27 (51,9%) foram classificados como Dengue Clássica (DC). Em relação à evolução clínica, houve registro de um (1,9%) óbito. Os sinais e sintomas mais frequentes foram: febre 25/52, mialgia 17/52, cefaleia 16/52 e exantema 16/52. As manifestações hemorrágicas espontâneas foram presentes em 31/52 casos e a prova do laço positiva em 18/31. Cerca de 21% dos pacientes apresentaram ao menos uma comorbidade. Com relação às situações para indicação de hospitalização, a mais frequente foi "outras situações a critério clínico" (59,6%), seguida dos sinais de alarme (30,8%). A média de dias de internação hospitalar (DIH) foi de 5,4 dias. Com relação aos pacientes classificados como DC foi de 5,2 dias, Dengue Com Complicações (DCC) 5,8 dias e Febre Hemorrágica da Dengue (FHD) 6,2 dias. Considerando a média de dias de internação dos pacientes que apresentaram ao menos um sinal de alarme foi de 6,5 dias. Conclusão: Neste estudo houve o predomínio do sexo feminino e da faixa etária de 20 a 39 anos. A maioria dos casos foi classificada como DC e a situação indicativa para internação "outras situações a critério clínico" foi a mais frequente. Os pacientes com ao menos um sinal de alarme tiveram média de DIH superior às demais condições, assim como os pacientes classificados como DCC e FHD

O cuidado hospitalar na hanseníase: um perfil do estado do Pará de 2008 a 2014 / Hospital care in leprosy: a profile of Pará, Brazil, 2008-2014

Os casos de internação por hanseníase representam as complicações e as situações mais graves da doença. Objetivou-se traçar um perfil epidemiológico da internação hospitalar por hanseníase, no estado do Pará, de 2008 a 2014. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva de dados secundários disponibilizados pelo Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. A análise efetuada foi, predominantemente,descritiva e os testes Qui-Quadrado e Teste-G foram utilizados quando pertinentes. Calculou-se,a taxa de internação e óbito para cada 10 mil internações ou óbitos por doenças infecciosas e parasitárias para o Pará e outras Unidades de Federação. Verificou-se que, nesse período, 740 pessoas foram internadas com a doença no estado, representando uma taxa de 12,86/10 mil internações por doenças infecciosas e parasitárias. Das internações totais, 526 (71,08%) foram homens e 524 (70,81%) encontravam-se na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos; 61 (8,25%) possuíam até 19 anos. Dos atendimentos, 79,73% (n=590) foram registrados pelo regime público de saúde, 92,30% (n=683)em caráter eletivo e 84,19% (n=623) fora da região metropolitana de Belém. No ranking regional por taxa de internação o estado encontra-se em último lugar e em penúltimo no ranking nacional. O perfil de internação por hanseníase no Pará acompanha o perfil epidemiológico da doença, sendo mais comum em homens com idade economicamente ativa. O acometimento de crianças e adolescentes é preocupante,pois representa uma exposição precoce e maiores chances de desenvolver incapacidades.Os registros no estado foram mais baixos quando comparados a estados de média e baixa endemicidade.

Cases of hospitalization represent severest cases of leprosy, with more complications. This study aimed to criate an epidemiological profile of hospital admissions for leprosy in the state of Pará, Brazil, from 2008 to 2014. To this end, we carried out a descriptive study of secondary data provided by the Department of the Unified Health System Information of Brazil. The analysis was performed predominantly descriptive and Chi-square test and G-tests were used when appropriate. It calculated the rate of hospitalization and rate of death for every 10,000 hospitalizations or deaths due to infectious and parasitic diseases to the Pará and other units of federation. It was found that during this period 740 people were hospitalized with the disease in the state, representing a rate of 12.86 / 10 000 admissions for infectious and parasitic diseases. Of total admissions, 526 (71.08%) were men and 524 (70.81%) were in the age group 20-59 years;61 (8.25%) were in the age group 0-19 years. Of cases, 79.73% (n = 590) were recorded by the public health system, 92.30% (n = 683) on an elective basis and 84.19% (n = 623) outside the metropolitan area of Belém. Was observed that this state is last in regional ranking by hospitalization rate and second to last in the national ranking. The leprosy hospital admission profile in Pará is similar to the epidemiology of the disease, is more common in young men. The involvement of children and adolescents is worrisome because it’s represent the early exposure and more risk to develop disabilities. The records in the state were lower when compared to the average of states and low endemicity.

Nursing interventions to manage anxiety levels of female inpatients admitted first time in a leprosy hospital.

Leprosy causes not just physical disabilities but mental and psycho social problems which are further more enhanced in women due to their submissive and secondary role in an Indian culture. This is reflected in their reluctance and delay in seeking hospitalization and generates great anxiety while admitted as inpatients. Appropriate nursing care can relieve much anxiety and help in faster healing. This paper presents the findings from such research carried out at a leprosy referral hospitalin north India. Adult female leprosy patients newly admitted for the first time in a leprosy referral hospital were interviewed in depth using Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and observed before and after implementing a customized nursing care plan. On admission, out of 40 women admitted more than 80% showed moderate or severe anxiety. After well planned nursing interventions only 2 continued to have severe anxiety, and a majority in all age groups showed significant reductions in anxiety levels, and responded well to leprosy care at the hospital. Well planned nursing care reduces or minimizes anxiety levels of female leprosy patients admitted first time in the hospital, and should become a standard practice in all hospital admissions.