Mujer de 51 años con astenia, pérdida de peso y anasarca / 51 years-old woman with fatigue, weight loss and anasarca

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A brief history of the discovery of natural simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections in captive sooty mangabey monkeys.

Experimental leprosy studies using Mycobacterium leprae inoculum isolated from a sooty mangabey monkey (SMM) resulted in the accidental discovery that SMM's asymptomatically carry simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) that is pathogenic in macaques. We showed that the SMM virus, SIVDelta, was antigenically related to SIVmac, which had been identified in macaques, and to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Similar asymptomatic natural SIV infections had been reported in African green monkeys (AGM). Our results together with observations of others led us to propose that both SIVmac and SIVDelta originated in SMM and that SIV emerged in humans as a result of early African nonhuman primate SIV trans-species infections in humans.

Malignant lymphoma associated with hanseniasis

There are few reports in the world medical literature concerning association between leprosy and malignant lymphoma. It seams that, although defects in immune system related to leprosy are multiple and complex, no increase in incidence of malignant lymphoma among leprosy patients can be detected. This is also true for Brazil, where leprosy is an endemic disease, which poses an important public health problem. For this reason, the authors report on three cases of malignant lymphoma: one low grade, B-cell lymphoma (immunocytoma): one high grade, T-cell lymphoma and one mixed cellularity Hodgkin's disease in patients previously diagnosed as having leprosy.

Pathology of dual Mycobacterium leprae and simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus monkeys.

Three rhesus monkeys were experimentally inoculated with sooty-mangabey-derived Mycobacterium leprae and were inadvertently infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) as well. They died of an immunodeficiency syndrome, and at autopsy all had lesions caused by M. leprae. One monkey was inoculated twice with M. leprae, initially with an inoculum from a sooty mangabey that was not infected with SIV and, subsequently, with an inoculum from a mangabey that was SIV infected. The monkey did not develop clinical lesions and became strongly lepromin skin test (LST) positive after the first inoculation, but became infected with both agents and LST negative following the second inoculation. These observations suggest that SIV-infected rhesus monkeys have an increased susceptibility to M. leprae infection and, by analogy, imply that HIV-infected human beings may have an increased susceptibility as well.

Hansen's disease following lymphoma.

We report two instances of Hansen's disease as a complication of lymphoma. Although patients with leprosy may be at risk for the development of neoplasia, the converse has only rarely been reported. Nonetheless, granulomatous lesions in patients with lymphoreticular malignancy should suggest appropriate studies to rule out Hansen's disease, as illustrated by the cases detailed herein.

The gastrointestinal manifestations and complications of malignant lymphoma / ?

Malignant lymphoma involves the gastrointestinal tract as a primary or secundary in the course of disseminated lymphoma. Although primary lymphoma has received the most attention in the literature, secundary lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract is much more common. The gastrointestinal manifestations and complications are a common problem and there is a lack of information as to diagnosis, management and prognosis. Intensive application of currently-available diagnostic techniques including radiology, cytology, endoscopy, biopsy and gastric secretory studies should be pursued for the evaluation of patients with lymphoma. The management of the multiple gastrointestinal complications complications such as monilial esophagitis, hemorrhagic gastritis, stress erosions, intestinal perforation...