The predictive role of psychological toughness and adaptability on the actual well-being of mothers with handicapped children.

Background and Aim: Handicapped children cause psychological problems for mothers. As mothers' actual well-being is so important in the family and society, the aim of this research was to predict the role of psychological toughness and adaptability on the actual well-being of mothers with handicapped children. Materials and Methods: The research was descriptive correlational study with volunteer mothers of handicapped children (n=150). Data collection tools were: Ahwaz Kiamarsi et al. (1998) psychological toughness questionnaire, Connor and Davidson adaptability scale (2003), Lyubomerisky and Leper actual well-being scale (1999) and Diener life satisfaction scale (2009). Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data using SPSS 21 version. Results: The results showed that psychological toughness and its components (commitment, control, struggle) have a significant positive relationship with the actual well-being of mothers with handicapped children and its dimensions (actual well-being and life satisfaction) and is able to predict their well-being. Discussion: Therefore, it can be said that by promoting adaptability, mothers with handicapped children can resist and overcome stressors as well as factors that cause many psychological problems. By reducing psycho-emotional problems in mothers, mental well-being and life satisfaction are improved. Conclusion: The actual well-being of mothers with handicapped children can be predicted by their psychological toughness and adaptability.

Disease experiences of female patients with Hansen's disease residing in settlement in Korea.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify female Hansen's disease experience in settlement village in Korea. METHOD: For this study, 11 participants in settlement village were purposively chosen. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews from July to December 2015. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed following Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis to uncover the meaning of the experiences of the participants. RESULTS: The study results showed that female Hansen's disease experience in settlement village consisted of 9 theme and 4 theme clusters: 1) Inescapable shackles; 2) Suffered as if being in prison,; 3) In no position to be a woman or a mother; 4) Another hometown. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study recommends that health care professionals should pay attention not only to leprosy patients to reduce their physical and psychological suffering but also to the community and public culture to promote integration of Hansenin in the community, continued promotion and reform are needed to overcome the stigma. The results of the present study can help us in a better understanding of various aspects of female patients with Hansen's disease residing in settlement.

[Factorial structure of the questionnaire for the inclusion of in natura vegetable oil in the diet of children]. / Estrutura fatorial do questionário de adoção do óleo vegetal in natura de acréscimo na dieta infantil.

The scope of this study was to investigate the factorial structure of the questionnaire for the inclusion of vegetable oil in natura in the diet of children. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 220 mothers using the Likert Scale questionnaire. Thirteen Child Nutrition experts/judges semantically evaluated the items and the Generalizability Coefficient (GC) assessed the errors according to a one-off, two-facet random model (item/judge). The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) indicated dimensionality of the tools applied: Doornik-Hansen Test; Main Factor Analysis; Kaiser Guttman criterion; Promax rotation; Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test (KMO); convergent and discriminant validities, Cronbach's Alpha; Composite Reliability. The GC = 0.8407 was considered satisfactory. The Doornik-Hansen test (chi2 (28) = 198.053, prob>chi2 = 0.0000) confirmed the multivariate normality of data. The Kaiser Guttman criterion explained 76.32% of the latent construct. The correlation between factors 1 and 2 (-0.4042) suggests the two-dimensional nature of the instrument. The KMO (0.8440) indicated the adequacy of the data to perform EFA. Cronbach's alpha showed values around 0.70, considered acceptable. The two-dimensionality of the questionnaire was verified to assess the inclusion of in natura vegetable oils in the diet of children.

O objetivo foi verificar a estrutura fatorial do questionário de adoção do óleo vegetal in natura de acréscimo na dieta infantil. Estudo transversal, com 220 mães de crianças, e questionário em escala Likert. Treze juízes, especialistas em nutrição infantil, avaliaram semanticamente os itens, enquanto que o Coeficiente de Generalização (CG) mensurou erros de avaliação, segundo modelo randômico de duas facetas (item/juiz), uma ocasião. A Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE) indicou dimensionalidade do instrumento aplicado: teste Doornik-Hansen, Análise de Fator Principal, critério Kaiser Guttman, rotação Promax, teste Kaiser-MeyerOlkin (KMO), validades convergente e discriminante, coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, Confiabilidade Composta. O CG = 0,8407 foi considerado satisfatório. O teste Doornik-Hansen (Qui2 (28) = 198,053, prob > Qui2 = 0,0000) inferiu sobre a normalidade multivariada dos dados. O critério de Kaiser Guttman indicou 76,32% da latência do construto. A correlação entre os fatores 1 e 2 (-0,4042) sugere a bidimensionalidade do instrumento. KMO (0,8740) indicou a adequação dos dados para AFE. O alfa de Cronbach apresentou valores em torno de 0,70, considerados aceitáveis. Verificou-se bidimensionalidade do questionário para avaliar a adoção da prática do acréscimo de óleos vegetais in natura na dieta infantil.

Estrutura fatorial do questionário de adoção do óleo vegetal in natura de acréscimo na dieta infantil / Factorial structure of the questionnaire for the inclusion of in natura vegetable oil in the diet of children

Resumo O objetivo foi verificar a estrutura fatorial do questionário de adoção do óleo vegetal in natura de acréscimo na dieta infantil. Estudo transversal, com 220 mães de crianças, e questionário em escala Likert. Treze juízes, especialistas em nutrição infantil, avaliaram semanticamente os itens, enquanto que o Coeficiente de Generalização (CG) mensurou erros de avaliação, segundo modelo randômico de duas facetas (item/juiz), uma ocasião. A Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE) indicou dimensionalidade do instrumento aplicado: teste Doornik-Hansen, Análise de Fator Principal, critério Kaiser Guttman, rotação Promax, teste Kaiser-MeyerOlkin (KMO), validades convergente e discriminante, coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, Confiabilidade Composta. O CG = 0,8407 foi considerado satisfatório. O teste Doornik-Hansen (Qui2 (28) = 198,053, prob > Qui2 = 0,0000) inferiu sobre a normalidade multivariada dos dados. O critério de Kaiser Guttman indicou 76,32% da latência do construto. A correlação entre os fatores 1 e 2 (-0,4042) sugere a bidimensionalidade do instrumento. KMO (0,8740) indicou a adequação dos dados para AFE. O alfa de Cronbach apresentou valores em torno de 0,70, considerados aceitáveis. Verificou-se bidimensionalidade do questionário para avaliar a adoção da prática do acréscimo de óleos vegetais in natura na dieta infantil.

Abstract The scope of this study was to investigate the factorial structure of the questionnaire for the inclusion of vegetable oil in natura in the diet of children. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 220 mothers using the Likert Scale questionnaire. Thirteen Child Nutrition experts/judges semantically evaluated the items and the Generalizability Coefficient (GC) assessed the errors according to a one-off, two-facet random model (item/judge). The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) indicated dimensionality of the tools applied: Doornik-Hansen Test; Main Factor Analysis; Kaiser Guttman criterion; Promax rotation; Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test (KMO); convergent and discriminant validities, Cronbach's Alpha; Composite Reliability. The GC = 0.8407 was considered satisfactory. The Doornik-Hansen test (chi2 (28) = 198.053, prob>chi2 = 0.0000) confirmed the multivariate normality of data. The Kaiser Guttman criterion explained 76.32% of the latent construct. The correlation between factors 1 and 2 (-0.4042) suggests the two-dimensional nature of the instrument. The KMO (0.8440) indicated the adequacy of the data to perform EFA. Cronbach's alpha showed values around 0.70, considered acceptable. The two-dimensionality of the questionnaire was verified to assess the inclusion of in natura vegetable oils in the diet of children.

Early gut mycobiota and mother-offspring transfer.

BACKGROUND: The fungi in the gastrointestinal tract, the gut mycobiota, are now recognised as a significant part of the gut microbiota, and they may be important to human health. In contrast to the adult gut mycobiota, the establishment of the early gut mycobiota has never been described, and there is little knowledge about the fungal transfer from mother to offspring. METHODS: In a prospective cohort, we followed 298 pairs of healthy mothers and offspring from 36 weeks of gestation until 2 years of age (1516 samples) and explored the gut mycobiota in maternal and offspring samples. Half of the pregnant mothers were randomised into drinking probiotic milk during and after pregnancy. The probiotic bacteria included Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12 and Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5. We quantified the fungal abundance of all the samples using qPCR of the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1 segment, and we sequenced the 18S rRNA gene ITS1 region of 90 high-quantity samples using the MiSeq platform (Illumina). RESULTS: The gut mycobiota was detected in most of the mothers and the majority of the offspring. The offspring showed increased odds of having detectable faecal fungal DNA if the mother had detectable fungal DNA as well (OR = 1.54, p = 0.04). The fungal alpha diversity in the offspring gut increased from its lowest at 10 days after birth, which was the earliest sampling point. The fungal diversity and fungal species showed a succession towards the maternal mycobiota as the child aged, with Debaryomyces hansenii being the most abundant species during breast-feeding and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the most abundant after weaning. Probiotic consumption increased the gut mycobiota abundance in pregnant mothers (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study provides the first insight into the early fungal establishment and the succession of fungal species in the gut mycobiota. The results support the idea that the fungal host phenotype is transferred from mother to offspring. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00159523.

Frontal fibrosing alopecia and lichen planopilaris in HLA-identical mother and daughter.

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a lymphocyte-mediated scarring alopecia thought to be a variant of lichen planopilaris (LPP). We present a 67-year-old woman with frontal fibrosing alopecia whose daughter was diagnosed to have lichen planopilaris. Both patients had identical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) D types, supporting a phenotypical relationship between the two clinical entities. Interestingly, our patient also had of autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis, a previously unreported association.

Childhood tuberculosis in household contacts of newly diagnosed TB patients.

INTRODUCTION: Childhood tuberculosis (TB), although estimated to account for a major proportion of the global TB disease burden, has a lower public health priority. Reliable research and surveillance data on childhood TB is limited in most regions of the world. This study was conducted to assess the burden of childhood TB among the household contacts of new TB patients in Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of children (<15 years) who were household contacts of new adult TB patients presenting to Marie Adelaide Leprosy Center (MALC) clinics in Karachi during the period of 2008 to 2010 was conducted. RESULTS: Of the household children contacts (n = 6613) screened, 317 were suspected and 121(1.8%) diagnosed with TB. These included 89 (73.6%) with pulmonary and 32 (26.4%) with extra-pulmonary disease. Smear positivity rate in pulmonary cases was 32.6%. Mean age of children diagnosed with TB was 11.7 (± 2.8) years. Within the child-contacts screened, disease was found to be significantly higher among females (2.3%) in comparison to males (1.2%) (p-value <0.01). The commonest relationship of source cases to diagnosed children was the mother (n = 51, 42.1%). The source case was a female for 66.1% (n = 76) of the children. CONCLUSION: A smear positivity rate of 32.6% amongst pulmonary cases suggests their potential to spread disease and emphasizes a need to review the contribution of children in transmission of TB within communities. Greater vulnerability of the female child and considerable role of mother in disease transmission highlights a need to increase focus on females in TB control programs in Pakistan.

Maternidade e hanseníase: as vivências de separação devido ao isolamento compulsório / Being a mother with leprosy: the experiences of separation due to compulsory isolation

As mulheres portadoras de hanseníase, durante grande parte do século XX, não puderam exercer a maternidade devido à política de isolamento compulsório dos doentes adotada para controlar a doença. Os filhos ao nascerem eram levados para os preventórios e o contato com estes era realizado pelo olhar. Visando compreender a experiência da maternidade no hospital colônia foi realizada pesquisa narrativa com três mães que viveram o período de internação compulsória. Os discursos revelam dois momentos distintos da vivência de maternidade: a separação dos filhos com sua posterior volta para casa e a adoção de crianças para realizar a maternidade. Considera-se que a adoção promoveu o encontro com o sentido da existência que havia sido rompido e possibilitou a experiência de ser-mãe.

In the twentieth century, women with leprosy could not carry on their maternity because of the statement of compulsory isolation of patients, adopted to control the disease. Their children were taken at birth to prevention centers and the contact of mothers with their babies was only visual. In order to understand the experience of maternity in the leprosaria it was carried out an investigated narrative research with three mothers who lived through the period of compulsory internment. The speeches reveal two distinct moments in the experience of motherhood: the separation of the children with their subsequent return to home and the adoption of other children to achieve motherhood. It is considered that the adoption has promoted the meeting with the meaning of existence that had been broken and allowed the experience of being a parent.