RESUMO
Mechanisms underlying phenotypic divergence across species remain unresolved. In this issue of Cell Genomics, Hansen, Fong, et al.1 systematically dissect human and rhesus macaque gene expression divergence by screening tens of thousands of orthologous elements for enhancer activity in lymphoblastoid cell lines, revealing a much greater role for trans divergence at levels equal to those of cis effects, counter to the prevailing consensus in the field.
Assuntos
Evolução Molecular , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Animais , Humanos , Macaca mulatta/genética , Sequências Reguladoras de Ácido Nucleico , GenômicaRESUMO
Please cite this paper as: Tigno, Hansen, Nawang, Shamekh, and Albano (2011). Vasomotion Becomes Less Random as Diabetes Progresses in Monkeys. Microcirculation 18(6), 429-439. OBJECTIVE: Changes in vasomotion may precede other global indices of autonomic dysfunction that track the onset and progression of diabetes. Recently, we showed that baseline spectral properties of vasomotion can discriminate among N, PreDM, and T2DM nonhuman primates. In this study, our aims were to: (i) determine the time dependence and complexity of the spectral properties of vasomotion in three metabolic groups of monkeys; (ii) examine the effects of heat-provoked vasodilatation on the power spectrum; and (iii) compare the effects of exogenous insulin on the vasomotion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Laser Doppler flow rates were measured from the foot in 9 N, 11 PreDM, and 7 T2DM monkeys. Baseline flow was measured at 34°C, and under heat stimulation at 44°C. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps were performed to produce acute hyperinsulinemia. The Lempel-Ziv complexity, prediction error, and covariance complexity of five-dimensional embeddings were calculated as measures of randomness. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: With progression of diabetes, measures of randomness of the vasomotion progressively decreased, suggesting a progressive loss of the homeostatic capacity of the peripheral circulation to respond to environmental changes. Power spectral density among T2DM animals resided mostly in the 0- to 1.45-Hz range, which excluded the cardiac component, suggesting that with progression of the disease, regulation of flow shifts toward local rather than central (autonomic) mechanisms. Heating increased all components of the spectral power in all groups. In N, insulin increased the vasomotion contributed by endothelial, neurogenic, vascular myogenic, and respiratory processes, but diminished that due to heart rate. In contrast, in T2DM, insulin failed to stimulate the vascular myogenic and respiratory activities, but increased the neural/endothelial and heart rate components. Interestingly, acute hyperinsulinemia resulted in no significant vasomotion changes in the chronically hyperinsulinemic PreDM, suggesting yet another form of "insulin resistance" during this stage of the disease.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Hiperinsulinismo/fisiopatologia , Vasoconstrição , Vasodilatação , Animais , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Feminino , Hiperinsulinismo/metabolismo , Insulina/metabolismo , Macaca mulatta , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The armadillo was the first animal model of leprosy. Its role in the transmission of leprosy remains controversial. The sooty mangabey model of leprosy led to the discovery that rhesus monkeys were more susceptible to leprosy when coinfected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), but that leprosy may play a protective role against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) mortality. Recently, molecular methods have been developed for leprosy and may help resolve the role of zoonoses in leprosy. OBSERVATIONS: The recent identification of a case of leprosy in a native-born American on the east coast of the USA and the identification of leprosy as an immunologic reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive cases raise the question of what role zoonoses may play in leprosy. CONCLUSIONS: Leprosy in armadillos and sooty mangabeys has been manipulated by human experimentation. In the case of the armadillo, further study, including molecular techniques, is required to elucidate the role of the armadillo as a zoonosis in human leprosy. Experimentation with the sooty mangabey led to the discovery of an interaction between SIV and leprosy in rhesus monkeys, and prompted the continued investigation of the relationship between HIV and leprosy.
Assuntos
Tatus/microbiologia , Cercocebus atys/microbiologia , Hanseníase/veterinária , Zoonoses , Experimentação Animal , Animais , Cercocebus atys/virologia , HIV , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/microbiologia , Humanos , Hanseníase/complicações , Hanseníase/transmissão , Hanseníase/virologia , Macaca mulatta/microbiologia , Macaca mulatta/virologia , Doenças dos Macacos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Macacos/virologia , Mycobacterium leprae/genética , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida dos Símios/complicações , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida dos Símios/microbiologia , Vírus da Imunodeficiência SímiaRESUMO
Groups of rhesus monkeys were inoculated with: 1) simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)B670 alone; 2) Mycobacterium leprae alone; 3) SIV plus M. leprae on the same day; and 4) M. leprae 2 weeks after SIV. Animals were monitored at intervals for virus loads, antibody responses to M. leprae glycolipid antigens and to SIV Gp120, T-cell CD4+ and CD4+ CD29+ subset percentages, leprosy and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) clinical symptoms. Five out of six animals developed leprosy in each co-inoculated group, compared to one out of six in the M. leprae-only-inoculated group, indicating that M. leprae/SIV co-infection increases the susceptibility to leprosy, regardless of the timing of the two infections. Animals in the co-infected group that received M. leprae 2 weeks after SIV had a significantly slower rate of AIDS progression and long-term survival was significantly greater (three out of six) compared to the group inoculated with SIV alone (zero out of seven). All M. leprae-only-inoculated animals (six out of six) survived. Post-SIV-inoculation, a rapid decrease in the percentages of CD4 + and CD4 + CD29 + T-cells was observed in the SIV-only-inoculated group that was significantly blocked by co-inoculation with M. leprae 2 weeks after SIV, but not by SIV on the same day. The virus load set point was increased by approximately two logs in the group inoculated with M. leprae and SIV on the same day compared to SIV 2 weeks prior to M. leprae or the SIV-only-inoculated group. The results indicate that M. leprae, inoculated 2 weeks after SIV, decreased the pathogenicity of SIV compared to inoculation of M. leprae and SIV on the same day or SIV alone. The decreased pathogenicity correlated with a diminished loss of CD4 + and CD4 + CD29 + T-cell subsets in the group inoculated with M. leprae 2 weeks after SIV compared to the group inoculated with SIV alone. IgG antibody responses to M. leprae-specific cell wall phenolic glycolipid-I antigen were inhibited by 2-week-prior or same-day SIV co-inoculation compared to M. leprae-only inoculated animals. The IgG anti-lipoarabinomannan antibody response was enhanced in the group inoculated with M. leprae and SIV on the same day compared to the groups inoculated with M. leprae alone or SIV 2 weeks prior to M. leprae. Antibody responses to SIV Gp120 antigen were unimpaired in both co-inoculated groups compared to SIV-only-inoculated groups. The antibody results show that the immune responses to SIV and M. leprae are interrelated in SIV/M. leprae co-infected animals.
Assuntos
Hanseníase/fisiopatologia , Glicoproteínas de Membrana , Mycobacterium leprae , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida dos Símios/fisiopatologia , Vírus da Imunodeficiência Símia , Proteínas do Envelope Viral , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Relação CD4-CD8 , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Progressão da Doença , Proteína gp120 do Envelope de HIV/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Hanseníase/complicações , Hanseníase/imunologia , Macaca mulatta , Mycobacterium leprae/isolamento & purificação , RNA Viral/sangue , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida dos Símios/complicações , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida dos Símios/imunologia , Vírus da Imunodeficiência Símia/isolamento & purificação , Taxa de Sobrevida , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Carga ViralRESUMO
Groups of rhesus monkeys were vaccinated and boosted with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) or BCG plus low-dose (LD) or high-dose (HD) heat-killed M. leprae (HKML), or were unvaccinated. Prior to and following vaccination-boosting and subsequent M. leprae (ML) challenge, these and unvaccinated, unchallenged control monkeys were observed longitudinally for approximately 3 years. Vaccination with BCG plus HKML initially stimulated significant in vitro blood mononuclear cell blastogenic responses to lepromin, which returned to baseline post-boosting and post-live-ML-challenge, minimally reappearing significantly 2 years post-ML-challenge. Vaccination with BCG failed to stimulated positive blastogenic responses to lepromin before ML-challenge but small, marginally positive, intermittent responses were seen post-ML-challenge. Compared to the unvaccinated ML-challenged group, significant increases in the numbers of blood CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets and an increased CD4+:CD8+ ratio were observed in both BCG plus HKML-vaccinated, ML-challenged groups, but not in the BCG-only-vaccinated, ML-challenged group. CD4+CD29+ and CD4+CD45RA+ subset numbers increased significantly over time in only the BCG plus LD HKML-vaccinated, ML-challenged group. Compared to unvaccinated, ML-challenged groups, vaccination with BCG or BCG plus HKML followed by ML-challenge produced lower IgM:IgG antiphenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) serum antibody ratios and protected rhesus monkeys from clinical leprosy, consistent with prior observations that low IgM:IgG anti-PGL-I responses correlated with resistance to and protection from leprosy.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Vacina BCG/imunologia , Vacinas Bacterianas , Hanseníase/prevenção & controle , Mycobacterium leprae/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/biossíntese , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Vacinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Relação CD4-CD8 , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Glicolipídeos/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/biossíntese , Imunoglobulina M/biossíntese , Hanseníase/imunologia , Hanseníase/microbiologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Ativação Linfocitária , Macaca mulatta , Masculino , Contagem de Cintilação , Vacinação , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologia , Vacinas Combinadas/imunologiaRESUMO
Groups of rhesus monkeys were vaccinated and boosted with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) or BCG plus low-dose (LD) or high-dose (HD) heat-killed M. leprae (HKML), or were unvaccinated. Prior to and following vaccination-boosting and subsequent M. leprae (ML) challenge, these and unvaccinated, unchallenged control monkeys were observed longitudinally for approximately 3 years. Vaccination with BCG plus HKML initially stimulated significant in vitro blood mononuclear cell blastogenic responses to lepromin, which returned to baseline post-boosting and post-live-ML-challenge, minimally reappearing significantly 2 years post-ML-challenge. Vaccination with BCG failed to stimulated positive blastogenic responses to lepromin before ML-challenge but small, marginally positive, intermittent responses were seen post-ML-challenge. Compared to the unvaccinated ML-challenged group, significant increases in the numbers of blood CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets and an increased CD4+:CD8+ ratio were observed in both BCG plus HKML-vaccinated, ML-challenged groups, but not in the BCG-only-vaccinated, ML-challenged group. CD4+CD29+ and CD4+CD45RA+ subset numbers increased significantly over time in only the BCG plus LD HKML-vaccinated, ML-challenged group. Compared to unvaccinated, ML-challenged groups, vaccination with BCG or BCG plus HKML followed by ML-challenge produced lower IgM:IgG antiphenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) serum antibody ratios and protected rhesus monkeys from clinical leprosy, consistent with prior observations that low IgM:IgG anti-PGL-I responses correlated with resistance to and protection from leprosy.
Assuntos
Animais , Macaca mulatta/genética , Macaca mulatta/imunologia , Mycobacterium leprae/imunologia , Vacina BCG/imunologia , Vacina BCG/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
A total of 46 Rhesus monkeys (RM) was inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae (ML) and followed clinically and immunologically for extended periods. Twenty-one (45.7%) of the RM developed leprosy spanning the known leprosy spectrum, with six of 21 (28.6%) having disease in the borderline lepromatous to lepromatous area of the spectrum. RM with paucibacillary forms of leprosy produced predominantly IgG anti-phenolic glycolipid (PGL-I) antibodies and positive lepromin skin test and/or in vitro blastogenesis responses; IgM anti-PGL-I predominated in animals with BB-LL leprosy and correlated with negative immune responses to lepromin. IgG anti-PGL-I antibodies persisted in a number of RM for several years without histopathological evidence of leprosy, suggesting possible persisting subclinical infection. The data show that RM are a valuable model for the study of leprosy. Eleven of the 46 RM were inoculated with ML from sources infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), the monkey counterpart to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The possible effect of SIV on the clinical outcome of ML infection could not be determined due to insufficient numbers of animals to yield statistically significant results.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Hanseníase/imunologia , Hanseníase/transmissão , Mycobacterium leprae/imunologia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Macaca mulatta , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Testes CutâneosRESUMO
Rhesus and sooty mangabey monkeys (RM and SMM) were vaccinated and boosted with BCG or BCG + low dose (LD) or high dose (HD) heat-killed Mycobacterium leprae (HKML). One group was not vaccinated. Except for a group of controls, all monkeys were challenged with live M. leprae. All animals were studied longitudinally to determine antileprosy protective efficacy. BCG reduced the numbers of RM with histopathologically-diagnosed leprosy by 70% and slowed and ameliorated the appearance of symptoms. BCG + LDHKML reduced the number of RM with leprosy by 89% and BCG + HDHKML by 78%. BCG did not protect SMM from developing leprosy, but disease progress was slowed; disease in SMM was exacerbated by the addition of HKML to the vaccine. RM, as a species, are prone to paucibacillary (PB) forms of leprosy, whereas SMM are prone to multibacillary (MB) forms. Thus, BCG vaccination offers significant protection from clinical disease and slows/ameliorates the rate of progression/degree of disease at the PB end and appears to at least ameliorate symptoms at the MB end of the leprosy spectrum. BCG + HKML protects at the PB end and exacerbates disease progress at the MB end of the leprosy spectrum.
Assuntos
Vacina BCG/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Bacterianas/administração & dosagem , Imunização/métodos , Hanseníase/prevenção & controle , Mycobacterium leprae/imunologia , Animais , Antígenos de Bactérias/sangue , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Glicolipídeos/sangue , Haplorrinos , Hanseníase/imunologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Macaca mulatta , Masculino , Valores de Referência , Software , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Seven of eight rhesus monkeys (RM) coinfected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and Mycobacterium leprae harboured acid-fast bacilli (AFB) at sites of dermal inoculation and/or at disseminated sites at times of humane sacrifice (up to 270 days post-M. leprae inoculation) due to SIV-induced debilitation or, in one long term survivor's case, to date over 3 years post-M. leprae inoculation. Detectable AFB were cleared in biopsies of inoculation sites of RM inoculated with M. leprae alone after 63 days postinoculation; these sites have, so far, remained AFB-negative, thereafter. Compared to animals infected with M. leprae alone, RM coinfected with SIV plus M. leprae showed: 1, completely suppressed serum antibody responses to M. leprae-specific PGL-I antigen, but strong anti-SIV Gp120 antibody responses; 2, impaired sensitization of blood mononuclear cells (MNC) to in vitro recognition of M. leprae-specific antigens in blastogenic stimulation assays; 3, impaired in vitro responses of blood MNC to nonspecific (ConA) blastogenic stimuli; and 4, early post-M. leprae inoculation, there was a significant incremental diminution of percentages of blood CD4+CD29+ T-cells in addition to the existing SIV-induced diminished percentages of CD4+CD29+ T-cells. The results indicate that humoral and cellular immune responses to M. leprae antigens are compromised in M. leprae-inoculated RM previously infected with SIV. These results provide an immunologic basis for the demonstration of enhanced M. leprae persistence or leprosy susceptibility in SIV-M. leprae coinfected RM.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Hanseníase/imunologia , Mycobacterium leprae/imunologia , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida dos Símios/imunologia , Vírus da Imunodeficiência Símia/imunologia , Animais , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Relação CD4-CD8 , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Macaca mulatta , Valores de Referência , Subpopulações de Linfócitos TRESUMO
Lymphostimulatory and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) immune responses to a candidate antileprosy vaccine Mycobacterium habana have been quantified in inbred AKR mice. M. habana vaccine in three physical states, live, heat-killed and gamma-irradiated, was given intradermally to separate groups of mice and after 28 days these mice were given subcutaneous challenge with heat-killed M. leprae and heat-killed M. habana in the left hind footpad. Live BCG vaccine alone and in combination with gamma-irradiated M. habana were also compared similarly. A sufficient degree of DTH response was generated in mice by M. habana vaccine in all physical forms against two challenge antigens (lepromin and habanin). The BCG combination with M. habana did not increase the DTH response indicating internal adjuvanticity endowed in M. habana. The active hypersensitivity of immunized mice was transferable to syngeneic mice by the transfer of sensitized cells from the donor to the recipient mice intravenously. M. leprae-infected Rhesus monkey PBMC have shown comparable stimulatory response with M. habana (sonicate), and M. leprae (sonicate) antigens. The possibility of developing M. habana as a candidate antileprosy vaccine is discussed.
Assuntos
Vacinas Bacterianas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/imunologia , Hanseníase/prevenção & controle , Mycobacterium leprae/imunologia , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/imunologia , Animais , Vacina BCG/administração & dosagem , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hanseníase/imunologia , Macaca mulatta , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos AKR , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
There are two insulin receptor (IR) isoforms (designated type A and type B), derived from alternative splicing of exon 11 of the IR gene. Recently, we reported (Huang Z., Bodkin N.L., Ortmeyer H.K., Hansen B.C., Shuldiner A. R., 1994, J Clin Invest, 94:1289-1296) that an increase in the exon 11- (i.e. lacking exon 11) (type A) IR messenger RNA (mRNA) variant in muscle is associated with hyperinsulinemia, an early risk factor for noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), in the spontaneously obese, diabetic rhesus monkey. To explore further the role of IR mRNA splicing in insulin resistance of NIDDM, we studied liver, another target organ that is resistant to insulin action in NIDDM. The relative amounts of the two IR mRNA-splicing variants in liver were quantitated by RT-PCR in normal, prediabetic, and diabetic (NIDDM) monkeys. The percentage of the exon 11- mRNA variant in liver (n = 24) was significantly correlated with fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.55, P < 0.01) and intravenous glucose disappearance rate (r = -0.45, P < 0.05). The exon 11- mRNA variant was increased significantly from 29.8 +/- 1.6% in monkeys with normal fasting glucose to 39.2 +/- 2.9% in monkeys with elevated fasting glucose (P < 0.01). These studies provide the first direct evidence in vivo that the relative expression of the two IR mRNA-splicing variants is altered in liver and suggest that increased expression of the exon 11- IR isoform may contribute to hepatic insulin resistance and NIDDM or may compensate for some yet unidentified defect.
Assuntos
Processamento Alternativo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Diabetes Mellitus/genética , Intolerância à Glucose/genética , Fígado/metabolismo , Obesidade , Estado Pré-Diabético/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Receptor de Insulina/genética , Animais , Glicemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Éxons , Variação Genética , Intolerância à Glucose/metabolismo , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina , Macaca mulatta , Estado Pré-Diabético/metabolismo , Receptor de Insulina/biossíntese , Receptor de Insulina/metabolismo , Especificidade da EspécieAssuntos
Hanseníase/fisiopatologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/fisiologia , Animais , Citocinas/sangue , Humanos , Hanseníase/sangue , Hanseníase/imunologia , Hanseníase Virchowiana/sangue , Hanseníase Virchowiana/imunologia , Hanseníase Virchowiana/fisiopatologia , Macaca mulatta , Macrófagos/fisiologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Tuberculoma/imunologia , Tuberculoma/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Many major histocompatibility complex (MHC) polymorphisms originate from ancient structures that predate speciation. As a consequence, members of the Mhc-DRB1*03 allelic lineage are not only present in humans but in chimpanzees and rhesus macaques as well. This emphasizes that Mhc-DRB1*03 members must have been present in a common ancestor of these primate species that lived about 30 million years ago. Due to the accumulation of genetic variation, however, alleles of the Mhc-DRB1*03 lineage exhibit species-unique sequences. To investigate the biological importance of such conservation and variation, we have studied both the binding and antigen presentation capacity of various trans-species Mhc-DRB1*03 lineage members. Here we show that p3-13 of the 65-kD heat-shock protein (hsp65) of Mycobacterium leprae and M. tuberculosis binds not only to HLA-DR17(3) but also to some chimpanzee and rhesus macaque class II-positive cells. Comparison of the corresponding human, chimpanzee, and rhesus macaque Mhc-DRB1*03 lineage members revealed the presence of uniquely shared amino acid residues, at positions 9-13 and 26-31, of the antigen-binding site that are critical for p3-13 binding. In addition it is shown that several nonhuman primate antigen-presenting cells that bind p3-13 can activate HLA-DR17-restricted T cells. Certain amino acid replacements, however, in Mhc-DRB1*03 lineage members did not influence peptide binding or T cell recognition. Therefore, these studies demonstrate that some polymorphic amino acid residues (motifs) within the antigen-binding site of MHC class II molecules that are crucial for peptide binding and recognition by the T cell receptor have been conserved for over 30 million years.
Assuntos
Evolução Biológica , Antígenos HLA-DR/metabolismo , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/metabolismo , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Ligação Competitiva , Linhagem Celular , Cadeias HLA-DRB1 , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Humanos , Ativação Linfocitária , Macaca mulatta , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mycobacterium leprae/metabolismo , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/metabolismo , Pan troglodytes , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/metabolismo , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Linfócitos T/imunologiaAssuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Citocinas/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Hanseníase Virchowiana/fisiopatologia , Hanseníase Virchowiana/imunologia , Hanseníase Virchowiana/sangue , Hanseníase/fisiopatologia , Hanseníase/imunologia , Hanseníase/sangue , Macaca mulatta , Macrófagos/fisiologia , Tuberculoma/fisiopatologia , Tuberculoma/imunologiaAssuntos
Animais , HIV-1 , Comorbidade , Hanseníase/complicações , Hanseníase/epidemiologia , Hanseníase/imunologia , Incidência , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Macaca mulatta , Soroprevalência de HIV , África/epidemiologia , Sudeste Asiático/epidemiologia , Índia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Induction of heat shock protein synthesis was monitored in murine and monkey Schwann cells exposed to elevated temperatures. Synthesis of the stress-inducible 70-kDa heat shock protein (hsp70) was detected in both murine and primate Schwann cells by metabolic labelling and by immunoblotting with a specific monoclonal antibody. hsp70 synthesis was also induced in Schwann cells after infection with Mycobacterium leprae and was detected from 24 h to 1 week postinfection. These results are discussed with respect to the possible role of heat shock proteins in immunopathological events associated with the clinical manifestations of leprosy.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Choque Térmico/biossíntese , Temperatura Alta , Hanseníase/metabolismo , Células de Schwann/metabolismo , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Hanseníase/imunologia , Macaca mulatta , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , FagocitoseRESUMO
The author is reviewing the literature about the association HIV infection and leprosy. So he concludes: 1) there is no correlation between leprosy incidence and HIV infection incidence, despite similarity as far as immuno-system is concerned. 2) Effect of HIV infection on leprosy demands further studies of nervous leprosy pathology. 3) Tendency to increase of such and association is foreseeable, speaking of epidemiocity in developing countries as well as in leprosy foci in Southern Asia and India.