RESUMO
Dimitrios Zambakis was an acclaimed physician at his time, most recognized for his work on leprosy. He theorized that leprosy was a hereditary disease, receiving many awards for his work including the Cholera Medal of Honour (1854), Château-Villard Prize from the Faculty of Medicine in Paris (1898), The Montyon Prize, and the title of Pasha. However, his theory was routinely argued against and was later proven to be invalid. Leprosy is regarded as a contagious disease spread by contact and is not hereditary. The last name appears to be spelled in various ways (Zambakis, Zambaco). For this paper, "Dimitrios Zambakis" will be used.
Assuntos
Hanseníase , Medicina , Médicos , Masculino , Humanos , História do Século XX , Paris , DocentesRESUMO
Background: The Paris Catacombs contain the remains of approximately 6 million people dating back to the 15th century, when leprosy was endemic in France.Aims: The aim of this palaeopathological study was to identify the presence of leprosy in skulls from the Paris Catacombs.Subjects and methods: Macroscopic examination of skulls in situ for bone changes secondary to oronasal soft tissue infection by leprosy. Skulls were categorised as having "probable" signs of leprosy if they had an enlarged nasal (pyriform) aperture, resorption of the anterior nasal spine, and resorption of the alveolar processes of maxilla, and as having "possible" signs of leprosy if they met one of these three criteria.Results: Skulls from 123 sections within the Catacombs (approximately 1500 remains in total) were triaged, with 367 skulls identified as suitable for examination. Of these, 74 had central facial bone alterations/abnormalities and underwent detailed examination, yielding 0.5% (2/367) classified as having probable, and 5.7% (21/367) possible signs of leprosy.Conclusions: The proportion of skulls with probable signs of leprosy gives an approximate estimate (0.5%) for the prevalence of this disease in the population of Paris (or districts of Paris) during the 15-18th centuries.
Assuntos
Hanseníase/história , Crânio/patologia , Feminino , História do Século XV , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , Humanos , Hanseníase/epidemiologia , Hanseníase/patologia , Masculino , Paris/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Dermatopatias , Medicina Tropical , África Subsaariana/epidemiologia , Humanos , Hanseníase Virchowiana , Micoses , Paris , Infecções por Poxviridae , Dermatopatias/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias/microbiologia , Dermatopatias/parasitologia , Dermatopatias Infecciosas , Preparações Clareadoras de Pele/efeitos adversos , Tripanossomíase AfricanaAssuntos
Disseminação de Informação , Sociedades Médicas , Congressos como Assunto , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Disseminação de Informação/métodos , Hanseníase/tratamento farmacológico , Hanseníase/microbiologia , Paris , Médicos/história , Sociedades Médicas/organização & administração , VietnãAssuntos
Hanseníase/diagnóstico , Hanseníase/microbiologia , Microbiologia/história , HIV/isolamento & purificação , História do Século XIX , Humanos , Hanseníase/epidemiologia , Hanseníase/mortalidade , Microbiologia/tendências , Paris , Suíça , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/microbiologia , Tuberculose/mortalidadeAssuntos
Distinções e Prêmios , Predisposição Genética para Doença/história , Biologia Molecular/história , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/diagnóstico , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/genética , Infecções/genética , Infecções/imunologia , Hanseníase/genética , Modelos Genéticos , Paris , Tuberculose/genéticaRESUMO
Primary and secondary dapsone resistance were studied among lepromatous patients living in Martinique, Guadeloupe, New Caledonia, Tahiti, Senegal, and Paris. Four hundred fifteen biopsies were taken from clinically active and bacteriologically positive (bacterial index greater than 2) patients in the 6-year period of 1980-1985. Among these, 280 biopsies that contained 5 x 10(4) acid-fast bacilli per ml with a morphological index of at least 0.10 were inoculated into the mouse foot pad, and 229 harbored infective Mycobacterium leprae. Among the 129 infective M. leprae isolated from new cases, 54% had some degree of dapsone resistance, a low degree being prominent in all cases. Among the 100 infective M. leprae isolated from relapsed cases, 79% had a high or an intermediate degree of dapsone resistance. The annual incidence of secondary dapsone resistance was estimated to be about 0.55% in Guadeloupe.