RESUMO
In 2005, we isolated a new species of virus from mosquitoes in the Philippines. The virion was elliptical in shape and had a short single projection. The virus was named Tanay virus (TANAV) after the locality in which it was found. TANAV genomic RNA was a 9562 nt+poly-A positive strand, and polycistronic. The longest ORF contained putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP); however, conserved short motifs in the RdRP were permuted. TANAV was phylogenetically close to Negevirus, a recently proposed taxon of viruses isolated from haemophagic insects, and to some plant viruses, such as citrus leprosis virus C, hibiscus green spot virus and blueberry necrotic ring blotch virus. In this paper, we describe TANAV and the permuted structure of its RdRP, and discuss its phylogeny together with those of plant viruses and negevirus.
Assuntos
Culicidae/virologia , Vírus de Insetos/isolamento & purificação , Vírus de RNA/isolamento & purificação , Vírus não Classificados/isolamento & purificação , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Culex/virologia , Genoma Viral , Vírus de Insetos/classificação , Vírus de Insetos/genética , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Filipinas , Filogenia , Vírus de Plantas/genética , Vírus de RNA/classificação , Vírus de RNA/genética , RNA Polimerase Dependente de RNA/genética , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Proteínas Virais/genética , Vírion/ultraestrutura , Vírus não Classificados/classificação , Vírus não Classificados/genéticaRESUMO
A Citrus volkameriana tree displaying symptoms similar to citrus leprosis on its leaves and bark was found in Hawaii. Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C)-specific detection assays, however, were negative for all tissues tested. Short, bacilliform virus-like particles were observed by transmission electron microscopy in the cytoplasm of symptomatic leaves but not in healthy controls. Double-stranded (ds) RNAs ≈8 and 3 kbp in size were present in symptomatic leaf tissue but not in healthy controls. Excluding poly(A) tails, the largest molecule, RNA1, was 8,354 bp in length. The ≈3 kbp dsRNA band was found to be composed of two distinct molecules, RNA2 and RNA3, which were 3,169 and 3,113 bp, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain located in RNA1 was most closely related to the RdRp domain of CiLV-C. A reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay developed for the detection of this virus was used to screen nearby citrus trees as well as Hibiscus arnottianus plants with symptoms of hibiscus green spot, a disease associated with infection by Hibiscus green spot virus (HGSV). All nearby citrus trees tested negative with the assay; however, symptomatic H. arnottianus plants were positive. All three RNAs were present in symptomatic H. arnottianus and were >98% identical to the RNAs isolated from C. volkameriana. We contend that the virus described in this study is HGSV, and propose that it be the type member of a new virus genus, Higrevirus.
Assuntos
Citrus/virologia , Doenças das Plantas/virologia , Vírus de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Vírus de RNA/isolamento & purificação , RNA Polimerase Dependente de RNA/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Bases , Citrus/ultraestrutura , DNA Complementar/química , DNA Complementar/genética , Genoma Viral/genética , Havaí , Hibiscus/virologia , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Casca de Planta/virologia , Folhas de Planta/virologia , Vírus de Plantas/classificação , Vírus de Plantas/genética , Vírus de Plantas/ultraestrutura , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína/genética , Vírus de RNA/classificação , Vírus de RNA/genética , Vírus de RNA/ultraestrutura , RNA de Cadeia Dupla/genética , RNA Viral/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Vírion/ultraestruturaRESUMO
Four rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were inoculated with a homogenate of a cutaneous lepromatous leprosy lesion from a mangabey monkey (Cercocebus atys). One died of B-cell lymphoma, and another died of an immunodeficiency syndrome. Cell suspensions prepared from the tumor and spleen of the monkey with lymphoma induced lymphoma or an immunodeficiency syndrome when inoculated into additional young rhesus monkeys. The immunodeficiency syndrome was similar to simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and consisted of opportunistic infections, lymphoid hyperplasia or atrophy, wasting, and syncytial cell formation. Mitogen responses and percentages of T4- and T8-positive lymphocytes were normal until the animals were moribund. Lymphoblastoid cell lines became established in vitro from tumor cell suspensions. These cells were infected with a herpesvirus related to Epstein-Barr virus. In addition, a retrovirus morphologically similar to human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type III (HTLV-III) and simian T-lymphotrophic virus type III (STLV-III) was isolated from one of the lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). Type D retroviruses could not be demonstrated in the monkeys in the transmission study; however, a retrovirus similar to that in the LCL was isolated from 4 animals by coculture of peripheral blood lymphocytes with the human cell line H9. These results suggest that this retrovirus, STLV-III/Delta, may be associated with the immunodeficiency syndrome in these macaques and may be of mangabey origin.