ABSTRACT
Rapid detection of illicit opium poppy plants using UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) imagery has become an important means to prevent and combat crimes related to drug cultivation. However, current methods rely on time-consuming visual image interpretation. Here, the You Only Look Once version 3 (YOLOv3) network structure was used to assess the influence that different backbone networks have on the average precision and detection speed of an UAV-derived dataset of poppy imagery, with MobileNetv2 (MN) selected as the most suitable backbone network. A Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) unit was introduced and Generalized Intersection over Union (GIoU) was used to calculate the coordinate loss. The resulting SPP-GIoU-YOLOv3-MN model improved the average precision by 1.62% (from 94.75% to 96.37%) without decreasing speed and achieved an average precision of 96.37%, with a detection speed of 29 FPS using an RTX 2080Ti platform. The sliding window method was used for detection in complete UAV images, which took approximately 2.2 sec/image, approximately 10× faster than visual interpretation. The proposed technique significantly improved the efficiency of poppy detection in UAV images while also maintaining a high detection accuracy. The proposed method is thus suitable for the rapid detection of illicit opium poppy cultivation in residential areas and farmland where UAVs with ordinary visible light cameras can be operated at low altitudes (relative height < 200 m).
Subject(s)
Opium/metabolism , Papaver/metabolism , Papaver/physiology , Plant Components, Aerial/metabolism , Plant Components, Aerial/physiology , Remote Sensing Technology/instrumentation , Altitude , PlantsABSTRACT
Pinus species are amongst the most commonly used medicinal plants in Indian Northwestern Himalayas. Nearly all parts of the plant especially needles are believed to possess medicinal and clinical values in traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurvedic, Unani or Homeopathic. They are used to heal numerous diseases, including afflictions of the skin, eyes, throats and ears. Various parts of the plant including needles are rich in biologically active compounds, such as thunbergol, 3-carene, cembrene, α-pinene, quercetin, xanthone, etc. The scientific data available for the biological potential of this plant and its constituents have been found to be scanty and also does not satisfy the basis of their age-old folklore and local uses. This review focuses on a detailed analysis of ethnopharmacognosical studies on the needles of different Pinus species growing naturally in northwestern region of Indian Himalayas including investigations and findings that have come up with a concrete view of the abilities of plant components for example phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and other constituents to treat oxidative, inflammatory and microbial responses. Careful evaluation of the data presented may be helpful for the researchers to discover and evaluate the specific chemical entities responsible for the traditional medicinal uses of P. roxburghii, P.wallichiana, P. merkusii, P.kesiya and P.thunbergii.
Subject(s)
Pinus , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , Altitude , Bicyclic Monoterpenes/isolation & purification , Ethnobotany , Flavonoids/isolation & purification , Humans , India , Phenols/isolation & purification , Phytotherapy , Pinus/chemistry , Pinus/growth & development , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Leaves/growth & development , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/growth & development , Species Specificity , Tannins/isolation & purificationSubject(s)
Adjuvants, Anesthesia , Altitude , Androstanes , Anesthesia, Endotracheal , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , PancuroniumABSTRACT
Different causes of dizziness or vertigo can only be recognized by thorough anamnestic explorations. Following a classification in vestibular and nonvestibular causes for vertigo, a further differentiation is possible by defining different characteristic qualities of the symptoms involved. In addition to the classical vestibular forms of vertigo seen, dizziness currently results from drug overdosages, hypertension, polyneuropathy and--less commonly, but equally important--brief epileptic seizures. Psychosomatic and neurotic symptoms may also lead to unsteady gait, dizziness or vertigo, all of which are distinguished only with difficulty by the patient.
Subject(s)
Vertigo/diagnosis , Altitude , Diagnosis, Differential , Epilepsy/complications , Eye Diseases/complications , Fear , Female , Humans , Hypertension/complications , Male , Opium/adverse effects , Polyneuropathies/complications , Psychophysiologic Disorders/complications , Streptomycin/adverse effects , Vertigo/chemically induced , Vertigo/etiology , Vestibular Function TestsABSTRACT
Se estudio el consumo de fibras de la dieta en cada tiempo alimentario practicado por hombres y mujeres de 20 a 50 anos de edad que viven permanentemente en area urbana de la ciudad de La Paz, los primeros ingieren en promedio de 4,8 g/24 hs. y las segundas 4,2 g/24 hs. La ingesta mas abundante resulto ser en el almuerzo en proporcion del 50 por ciento de la cantidad diaria. El salvado o cascara de cereales no se utilizo corrientemente en la composicion de las dietas. La fuente mas comun fue el pan de harina blanca poco refinada, luego en menor frecuencia legumbres frutas y cereales enteros. Por lo tanto, es posible concluir que este tipo de dieta refinada estaria condicionando una detemrinada respuesta fisiologica del tracto gastrointestinal y la tendnecia al desarrollo de patologias relacionadas.