A competing risk analysis of colorectal cancer recurrence after curative surgery.

BACKGROUND: This study examines the effect of prognostic patient and disease characteristics on colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence after curative resection. We used competing risk analysis with death as a competing risk. This method provides the clinician a perspective into a patient's actual risk of experiencing a recurrence. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with CRC who underwent curative resection for CRC from 2003-2007 at the Royal University Hospital in Saskatoon was completed. The outcome of interest was the first CRC recurrence, either local or distant metastasis. Demographic data, tumor characteristics, adjuvant treatment and follow-up data, date of local recurrence or metastasis were recorded from the medical record. Univariate analysis was completed to look at the relationship between each of the prognostic indicators and recurrence. Multivariable modelling (subdistribution regression modelling) was done to identify the main risk factors in determining recurrence. RESULTS: Of 148 patients, 38 (25.7%) experienced a recurrence, 16 (10.8%) died without evidence of recurrence, and 94 (63.5%) experienced neither outcome. The median follow-up was 30.5 months (interquartile range 10.6-50). In univariable subdistribution regression, T-stage, N-stage, vascular invasion and positive margins were all predictive of cancer recurrence, with p ≤ 0.001, with subdistribution hazard ratios for T4 stage at 11.93, T3 stage at 2.46, N2 stage at 10.58, and presence of vascular invasion at 4.27. N-stage remained as the sole predictor in multivariable regression. Cumulative incidence function (CIF) of recurrence at 48 months after surgery was 15%, 27% and 90% for N1/2, N3 and N4 respectively. CONCLUSION: The highest CIF of recurrence was associated with T4 stage, N2 stage, and vascular invasion. Patient's age, tumour location, type, or histological grade were not found to have a significant effect on the success of CRC surgery in precluding a recurrence.

Clinical and operative outcomes of patients with acute cholecystitis who are treated initially with image-guided cholecystostomy.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) tube placement followed by delayed cholecystectomy has been shown to be an effective treatment option in high-risk populations such as older and critically ill patients. The goal of this study was to review the short- and long-term clinical and operative outcomes of patients with acute cholecystitis initially treated with PC tube placement. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent image-guided PC tube insertion between 2001 and 2011 at the Royal University Hospital or St. Paul's Hospital, Saskatoon. Clinical outcomes, complications and elective cholecystectomy follow-up were noted. RESULTS: A total of 140 patients underwent PC tube insertion, 76 men and 64 women with a mean age of 68.4 (standard deviation 17.7) years. Of the 140, 94 (67.1%) had an American Society of Anesthesiologists classification score of III or IV. Percutaneous cholecystostomy tubes remained in place for a median of 21.0 days, and the median hospital stay was 7.0 days. Readmission owing to complications from PC tubes occurred in 21 patients (15.0%), and 10 (7.1%) were readmitted with recurrent cholecystitis after tube removal. Forty-four patients (31.4%) returned for subsequent elective cholecystectomy, of whom 32 (73%) underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 4 (9%) underwent open cholecystectomy, and 8 (18%) underwent laparoscopic converted to open cholecystectomy. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous cholecystostomy is a safe procedure that can be performed in patients who are older or have numerous comorbidities. However, less than one-third of such patients in our cohort subsequently had the definitive intervention of elective cholecystectomy, with a high rate of conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy.

CONTEXTE: Il a été démontré que la pose d'un drain de cholécystostomie percutanée suivie d'une cholécystectomie tardive serait une option thérapeutique efficace chez les populations à risque élevé, comme les patients âgés et gravement malades. L'objectif de cette étude était de revoir l'issue clinique et chirurgicale à court et à long terme chez les patients ayant présenté une cholécystite aiguë traitée par cholécystostomie percutanée. MÉTHODES: Nous avons procédé à une revue rétrospective des patients ayant subi une cholécystostomie percutanée guidée à l'aide de l'imagerie entre 2001 et 2011 à l'Hôpital royal universitaire ou à l'Hôpital St. Paul de Saskatoon. Nous avons ensuite pris note de l'issue clinique, des complications et des cholécystectomies non urgentes subséquentes. RÉSULTATS: En tout, 140 patients ont subi une cholécystostomie percutanée, 76 hommes et 64 femmes âgés en moyenne de 68,4 ans (écart-type 17,7 ans). Sur les 140 patients, 94 (67,1 %) présentaient un score ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) de III ou IV. Les drains de cholécystostomie percutanée sont restés en place pendant une période médiane de 21,0 jours et la durée médiane des séjours hospitaliers a été de 7,0 jours. Vingt-et-un patients (15,0 %) ont dû être réadmis en raison de complications liées aux drains de cholécystostomie, et 10 patients (7,1 %), en raison d'une récurrence de la cholécystite après le retrait du drain. Quarante-quatre patients (31,4 %) sont revenus pour une cholécystectomie non urgente, dont 32 (73 %) ont subi une cholécystectomie laparoscopique, 4 (9 %), une cholécystectomie laparotomique, et 8 (18 %) une cholécystectomie laparoscopique convertie en cholécystectomie laparotomique. CONCLUSION: La cholécystostomie percutanée est une approche sécuritaire envisageable chez les patients plus âgés présentant plusieurs comorbidités. Toutefois, dans notre cohorte, moins du tiers de ces patients ont par la suite subi la cholécystectomie non urgente définitive, et le taux de conversion de cholécystectomie laparoscopique en cholécystectomie laparotomique a été élevé.

Alpha-delta sleep pattern in an acute functional neurological patient with no perception of sleep.

Functional neurological disorders are characterized by neurologic symptoms not consistent with a primary neurologic pathology. Although neurological disorders are commonly associated with poor sleep, alpha intrusion of slow-wave sleep is not described in cases of functional neurological disorder. We describe a case demonstrating an alpha-delta sleep pattern in a patient presenting with a functional neurological disorder and no perception of sleep. Although alpha-delta sleep is more commonly associated with fibromyalgia, this pattern may be a potential biomarker for the physiology of sleep misperception and potentially functional neurologic symptoms disorder. It is important to recognize this pattern via close sleep electroencephalogram or spectral analysis for patients with concerning clinical histories. CITATION: Christian F, Pollak A, Sullivan L. Alpha-delta sleep pattern in an acute functional neurological patient with no perception of sleep. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(6):1711-1715.

The diagnostic dilemma of a gallbladder volvulus: An unusual case report and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: A gallbladder volvulus is a rare medical condition requiring emergency surgery. There are 500 cases reported in the literature, and only 10 % have ever been diagnosed preoperatively. Gallbladder volvulus occurs when the gallbladder torts around the cystic duct and cystic artery resulting in occlusion of both structures and consequently, ischemia of the gallbladder. The diagnosis is challenging because the symptoms mimic cholecystitis without distinct radiological features specific for a volvulus. CASE PRESENTATION: In this article, we report the case of a 77-year-old female who underwent ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), and cholescintigraphy, which all reported features of cholecystitis. She underwent a cholecystectomy on admission day 5 because of refractory pain despite treatment with intravenous antibiotics. Intraoperatively, she was discovered to have complete gallbladder torsion with gangrene. Post-operatively, she had immediate and complete resolution of pain, and made a rapid recovery. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: We review the available literature to determine radiological characteristics specific to a gallbladder volvulus. Patients without cholelithiasis and incomplete filling of the gallbladder in a nuclear medicine scan should be evaluated for gallbladder volvulus. CONCLUSION: Through this report, we suggest a high index of suspicion for gallbladder volvulus in elderly female patients with signs and symptoms of acalculous cholecystitis that have no resolution in symptoms with conservative management.

The forgotten urinalysis: an integral part of unmasking thrombophilia.

A 43-year-old female presented with flank pain of two days duration. She had been admitted previously for bilateral lower extremity edema which had not improved with diuresis. Abdominal Imaging showed left ovarian vein thrombosis and left renal vein thrombosis extending into the IVC. Chest imaging revealed right lower lobe segmental pulmonary emboli. Careful review of serial urinalysis during previous admissions revealed significant proteinuria. Confirmatory urine tests followed by a renal biopsy led to a diagnosis of membranous nephropathy. We report a case of acute diffuse thromboembolism due to membranous nephropathy, unmasked by serial abnormal urinalysis.

Sustained Glycemic Control With Ivacaftor in Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes.

Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is a common comorbidity in cystic fibrosis with pancreatic insufficiency occurring early in the disease process. Current treatment is exogenous insulin therapy as CFRD is due to impaired insulin secretion. Recent small studies have shown improvement in endogenous insulin secretion with a short period of ivacaftor therapy in primarily pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mutations amenable to potentiation. In this article, we present the case of an adult patient with long-standing CFRD who developed sustained improvement in glycemic control after initiation of ivacaftor.

Uncommon cause of paradoxical embolism in a case of scimitar syndrome.

Scimitar syndrome, a rare congenital cardiopulmonary condition, presents in both pediatric and adult populations as an anomalous pulmonary venous return of most of the right lung to the inferior vena cava. Recently, asymptomatic adult cases have been diagnosed with advances in imaging studies. We report the case of an asymptomatic 43-year-old male, with a complex variant scimitar syndrome diagnosed by computed tomographic angiography.

Pulmonary-esophageal variceal bleeding: a unique presentation of partial cor triatriatum sinistrum.

Cor triatriatum sinistrum is a rare congenital disorder defined as a division of the left atrium by a diaphragmatic membrane resulting in two left atrial chambers. The membranous division of the atrium can be partial or complete and can affect either atrium, with involvement of the right atrium referred to as cor triatriatum dexter. The presence of fenestrations within the membrane allows for communication and forward passage of blood into the true atrium. Absence of fenestrations leads to early symptomatic engorgement of the lungs. We report the case of a young adult male presenting with recurrent hematemesis due to variceal bleeding. On CT imaging the patient was found to have cor triatriatum sinistrum, with a vertical membrane resulting in total obstruction of the pulmonary venous drainage on the right, with normal pulmonary venous drainage on the left. There was extensive pulmonary-systemic arterial collateralization to the right lung suggesting retrograde filling of the right pulmonary artery with effective flow reversal in the right lung.