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1.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 27(2): 245-250, Mar.-Apr. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-843798

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The increasing loss of local ecological knowledge may have negative impacts on the resilience of socio-ecological systems and may also negatively impact bioprospecting efforts, since local ecological knowledge is an important source of information for searching new drugs. Recent studies try to evaluate whether communities are experiencing loss of local ecological knowledge. However, some of them make conclusions which are erroneously based on specific analyses of a single indicator. We propose an integrative analysis of three indicators, namely: number of plants cited by young people and elders, therapeutic choices and people's connectance in terms of medicinal plant learning. The study was carried out in the community of Sucruiuzinho (Bahia, Brazil). We conducted semistructured interviews and a therapeutic recall with 24 local dwellers. We did not find evidence of local ecological knowledge loss in the studied community. Although younger people know fewer plants, they are well connected in terms of knowledge transmission. Moreover, in illness events, young people and adults have similar proportions of choice for plants when compared to allopathy. Concomitant use of the three indicators leads to a more realistic scenario of local ecological knowledge loss than the use of only one of them.

2.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed ; 10: 54, 2014 Jul 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24994466

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Fishermen's knowledge is a source of indispensable information in decision-making processes related to efforts to stimulate the management and conservation of fishing resources, especially in developing countries. This study analyzed the knowledge of fishermen from three municipal areas of Bahia in northeast Brazil regarding the behavior repertoire of sharks and the possible influence that these perceptions may have on the inclination to preserve these animals. This is a pioneering study on the ethnobiological aspects of elasmobranchs in Brazil. METHODS: Open, semi-structured interviews with shark fishing specialists were conducted between September 2011 and October 2012. The interviews addressed the fishermen's profile, fishing techniques and knowledge about sharks, focusing on the behaviours exhibited by sharks. The data were analysed with quantitative approach and conducted with the use of descriptive statistical techniques. RESULTS: Sixty-five fishermen were interviewed. They descend from the rafting subculture of Brazil's northeast, which has historically been disregarded by public policies addressing the management and conservation of fishing resources. The fishing fleet involved in shark fishing includes rafts, fishing boats and lobster boats equipped with fishing lines, gillnets, longlines and "esperas". The informers classified sharks' behaviour repertoire into 19 ethological categories, related especially to feeding, reproduction, and social and migratory behaviours. Because they identify sharks as predators, the detailed recognition of the behaviours exhibited is crucial both for an efficient catch and to avoid accidents. Therefore, this knowledge is doubly adaptive as it contributes to safer, more lucrative fishing. A feeling of respect for sharks predominates, since informers recognize the ecological role of these animals in marine ecosystems, attributing them the status of leader (or "the man") in the sea. CONCLUSIONS: This work demonstrates the complexity and robustness of artisanal fishermen's ichthyological knowledge of sharks. Therefore, we suggest that such knowledge should be considered to develop public policies for the control of the fishing activity, as well as to develop and consolidate the National Action Plan for the Conservation of Shark and Ray Species (PAN - Tubarões e Raias).


Subject(s)
Behavior, Animal , Fisheries , Sharks , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Animal Migration , Animals , Brazil , Conservation of Natural Resources , Ethology , Feeding Behavior , Humans , Knowledge , Middle Aged , Reproduction , Social Behavior
3.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed ; 10: 55, 2014 Jul 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25012812

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Studies on popular names of birds help to understand the relationship between human beings and birds and it also contributes to the field of ornithology. METHODS: This study aims to register the ethnotaxonomy of birds in the village of Pedra Branca, Santa Teresinha municipality, Bahia State, Brazil, by cataloguing and identifying their popular names, besides understanding the ethnoclassification system of local bird species. The ethno-ornithological data were obtained by means of semi-structured open interviews, and projective tests. RESULTS: We interviewed 48 residents and, in order to identify species, we chose five informants with a more detailed knowledge on local avifauna. We registered 139 common names, distributed into 108 ethnospecies and 33 synonyms, referring to 117 species. Nomenclatural criteria more frequently used were vocalization and coloring patterns. Following Berlin's principles of ethnobiological classification, three hierarchical levels were registered: life form, generic and specific, with three types of correspondence between Linnaean and folk classification systems. The bird life form ("pássaro" in Portuguese) was associated only to wild species. CONCLUSIONS: The ethno-ornithological research in Pedra Branca Village has contributed with new information on popular nomenclature of birds and their etymology, showing that folk knowledge on birds is conveyed within the community.


Subject(s)
Birds/classification , Animals , Brazil , Ethnology
4.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed ; 8: 13, 2012 Jul 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22449069

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This article records the traditional knowledge of crab gatherers in the city of Conde, in the North Coast Region of Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: Data on biological and ecological aspects of economically important brachyuran crustaceans have been obtained from semi-structured interviews and in loco observations conducted from September 2007 to December 2009. A total of 57 fishermen of both genders, aged between 10 and 78 years have been interviewed (individually or collectively) in different contexts; interviewees were asked about aspects such as external morphology, life cycle, trophic ecology, and spatial and temporal distribution of the major economically important brachyuran crustaceans in the region. Seven fishing communities were visited: Siribinha, Sítio do Conde, Poças, Ilha das Ostras, Cobó, Buri and Sempre Viva. Data were analyzed by comparing the information provided by participants with those from the specialized academic literature. RESULTS: The results show that artisanal fishermen have a wide ranging and well-grounded knowledge on the ecological and biological aspects of crustaceans. Crab gatherers of Conde know about growth and reproductive behavior of the animals they interact with, especially with regard to the three major biological aspects: "molt", "walking dance" and "spawning". CONCLUSION: This knowledge constitutes an important source of information that should be considered in studies of management and sustainable use of fishery resources in the North Coast Region of Bahia State.


Subject(s)
Decapoda/physiology , Ecological and Environmental Phenomena , Fisheries , Knowledge , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Animals , Brazil , Child , Conservation of Natural Resources , Decapoda/growth & development , Female , Fisheries/economics , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Qualitative Research , Young Adult
5.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 16(supl.1): 1639-1650, 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-582501

ABSTRACT

Este artigo discute o uso de animais como recursos medicinais no Estado da Bahia, nordeste brasileiro. Os dados resultam de uma avaliação processual de desempenho acadêmico, uma vez que se tratou de um exercício requerido pelo professor da disciplina Etnobiologia (semestre 2007.2) aos estudantes do curso de Formação de Professores do Estado da Bahia da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, quando lhes foi solicitado que fizessem um breve registro, em suas respectivas cidades, sobre o uso de animais medicinais. Participaram 41 estudantes, provenientes de 21 cidades do interior do estado. Foram registrados 95 animais (nomes comuns), dos quais dezessete são novos acréscimos à lista de animais medicinais anteriormente publicada. O registro da utilização medicinal de animais no Estado da Bahia fornece uma contribuição relevante ao fenômeno da zooterapia, abrindo espaço para debates sobre biologia da conservação, políticas de saúde pública, manejo sustentável dos recursos naturais, prospecção biológica e patente. Necessita-se desenvolver mais estudos etnozoológicos tanto para compreender a importância real da zooterapia para as comunidades tradicionais, quanto para desenvolver estratégias de manejo e uso sustentáveis das espécies animais, especialmente daquelas em risco de extinção.


This article deals with the use of animals as medicinal resources in Bahia state, Northeastern Brazil. The data come from a processional evaluation of academic performance, since it was an exercise requested by the professor of the discipline Ethnobiology (2007.2 semester) to the students of the course Bahia State Teachers' Undergraduation of Feira de Santana State University. They were asked to make a brief survey, in their respective cities, on the use of animals as medicines. Forty-one students, from 21 cities of the country of Bahia State, have participated with data. A total of 95 animals (common names) were recorded, from which 17 are new additions to the list of medicinal animal species already published. The recording of the use of animals as folk medicines in the state of Bahia provides a significant contribution to the phenomenon of zootherapy, because it opens a space to debate about conservation biology, health public policies, sustainable management of natural resources, bioprospection, and patent. It is necessary to carry out more ethnozoological studies both to comprehend the true importance of zootherapy to the traditional communities and to develop some strategies of sustainable management and use of animal species, especially for those under risk of extinction.


Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Assisted Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Brazil
6.
Biotemas ; 19(3): 71-78, 2006.
Article in Portuguese | MTYCI | ID: biblio-1147670

ABSTRACT

O uso de animais como fontes de medicamentos é um fenômeno transcultural historicamente antigo e geograficamente disseminado. Neste artigo, revisa-se o uso de moluscos na medicina tradicional e se discute a importância clínico-farmacológica desses invertebrados. O envolvimento dos moluscos nas práticas populares de cura e/ou prevenção de doenças tem sido documentado em diferentes contextos sócio-culturais nacionais e estrangeiros. A literatura registra o uso clínico e terapêutico de compostos provenientes de diferentes espécies de moluscos. A química de produtos naturais de ostras, mexilhões, mariscos, caracóis, caramujos e lesmas foi substancialmente investigada, mas a maioria dos estudos se concentra nas subclasses Opistobranchia e Prosobranchia. O registro dos conhecimentos e práticas populares de saúde possibilita uma melhor compreensão da interação do ser humano com o meio ambiente, além de permitir a elaboração de estratégias adequadas para a conservação dos recursos naturais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Mollusca , Disease Prevention , Medicine, Traditional
7.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 27(2): 177-183, abr.-jun. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-495409

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho discute a utilização medicinal de recursos pesqueiros pelos moradores da cidade de São Félix, Estado da Bahia. O trabalho de campo foi realizado entremaio de 2004 a março de 2005, entrevistando-se 29 indivíduos de ambos os sexos comidades que variaram de 11 a 79 anos. As informações foram obtidas junto a pescadores e asuas famílias por meio de entrevistas abertas e semi-estruturadas. A maior parte dasentrevistas foi gravada, usando-se micro-gravador, sempre com o consentimento dosinformantes. As transcrições feitas em caderno de campo encontram-se mantidas noLaboratório de Etnobiologia da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Estado da Bahia.Espécimes de peixes foram coletados, identificados e depositados no Laboratório deIctiologia da UEFS. Os resultados mostram que, no sistema de classificação etnoictiológicodos pescadores de São Félix, diferentes organismos não sistematicamente relacionados sãoincluídos no domínio etnozoológico Peixe. Por essa razão, sete etnoespécies de peixesforam citadas como recursos medicinais: bagre (Genidens genidens), camarão (Macrobrachiumsp.), cambotá (Callichthys sp.), piau (Leporinus sp.), piranha (Serrasalmus branditi), peixe-boi(Trichechus sp.) e traíra (Hoplias malabaricus). Esses animais fornecem matérias-primas quesão utilizadas na elaboração de medicamentos que visam tratar e/ou curar enfermidadesdiagnosticadas localmente. O registro escrito da medicina tradicional implica conservação dacultural local, além de permitir que os recursos zooterapêuticos possam ser avaliados quanto à provável existência de compostos biologicamente ativos.


First account on the use of fishing resources as medicines in the cityof São Félix, Bahia State, Brazil. This article deals with the medicinal use of fishingresources by the inhabitants of São Félix, Bahia State. Fieldwork was carried out from May2004 to March 2005 by interviewing 29 individuals of both sexes, whose ages ranged from11 to 79 years old. Data were obtained by means of open-ended interviews performed withfishermen and their families. Most of the interviews were tape-recorded wheneverinformants have allowed. Transcriptions were done in a field notebook, which is kept at theLaboratory of Ethnobiology of the Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS). Fishspecimens were collected, identified and deposited at the Laboratory of Ichthyology of theUEFS. Results show that, in the ethnoichthyological classification system of São Félixfishermen, not systematically related organisms are included in the Fish ethnozoologicaldominium. Thus, seven fish ethnospecies used as medicinal resources were recorded: Guri sea catfish (Genidens genidens), shrimp (Macrobrachium sp.), armored catfish (Callichthyssp.), leporinus (Leporinus sp.), piranha (Serrasalmus branditi), manatee (Trichechus sp.), andtrahira (Hoplias malabaricus). These animals provide raw materials that are used to elaboratemedicaments to treat and/or heal locally diagnosed illnesses. The written record of thetraditional medicine implies in the conservation of the local culture, and allows that thezootherapeutic resources might be evaluated in relation to the probable existence ofbiologically active compounds.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Conservation of Natural Resources , Fisheries , Medicine, Traditional
8.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 26(2): 143-149, abr.-jun. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-431473

ABSTRACT

Este artigo trata da utilização medicinal de animais reconhecidos como “insetos” por feirantes do Centro de Abastecimento de Feira de Santana, Bahia. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas abertas realizadas com dez feirantes de ambos os sexos. Registram-se 18 animais categorizados como “insetos” que são utilizados na medicina popular local e estão representados por insetos, répteis, anfíbios e aracnídeos. Deles, são extraídas matérias-primas utilizadas na elaboração de remédios populares prescritos para o tratamento de diferentes doenças. Esses remédios são administrados especialmente sob a forma de chás. O uso disseminado e constante de remédios à base de animais permite supor que substâncias de valor medicinal desconhecidas pela ciência ocidental possam estar presentes em seus corpos. O potencial zooterápico desses recursos animais torna-se significativo para programas de saúde pública adequados à cultura local, bem como abre perspectivas para a valorização econômica e cultural de animais considerados prejudiciais


Subject(s)
Humans , Medicine, Traditional , Public Health , Public Health/trends , Shamanism , Animals , Insecta
9.
Rev. nutr ; 13(2): 117-126, maio-ago. 2000. mapas, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-341266

ABSTRACT

Restrições e preferências de recursos pesqueiros por pescadores do município de Conde, Norte do estado da Bahia, são analisadas. Dados foram obtidos através de entrevistas abertas e semiestruturadas realizadas com 114 informantes de cinco comunidades. Peixes, moluscos, crustáceos, cetáceos e tartarugas marinhas são recursos disponíveis aos pescadores, que percebem aspectos marcantes desses animais no momento de considerá-los itens comestíveis. Peixes de "couro", como arraias e cações, são os mais evitados durante enfermidades, enquanto peixes "brancos", como os robalos, são as espécies mais preferidas. Muitos desses recursos são também usados na medicina popular local. O comportamento alimentar dos pescadores deveria ser levado em consideração no planejamento ambiental, em estudos de impacto ambiental e no manejo, conservação e monitoramento dos recursos pesqueiros


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Marine Resources , Feeding Behavior
10.
Actualidades biológicas ; 21(70): 69-79, 1999. tab
Article in Portuguese | MTYCI | ID: biblio-1179394

ABSTRACT

Este artigo trata dos recursos animais utilizados pelos índios Pankararé que vivem na região semiárida do estado da Bahia, nordeste do Brasil. O estudo foi realizado com os Pankararé residentes da aldeia Brejo do Burgo, que se localiza no municipio de Glória. Os dados foram obtidos seguindose métodos etnocientíficos e através de entrevistas abertas realizadas com 15 informantes de ambos os sexos e com idades acima dos 18 anos. Os recursos faunísticos medicinalmente utilizados são distribuídos em 5 categorias taxonómicas científicas, tais como insetos (37%), mamíferos (29%), aves (20%), répteis (12%) e anfíbios (2%). Registraram-se 68 recursos zooterápicos provenientes de 49 etnoespécies. Estas matérias-primas são prescritas pelo "caecó" ou curador da aldeia, que aprendeu as propriedades curativas dos productos naturais com os "encantados", os quais são entidades sobrenaturais percebidas como guardiã dos recursos naturais. O registro da utilização medicinal de animais por este grupo indígena fornece uma contribução relevante ao fenómeno da zooterapia. Sugere-se a realização tanto de estudos bioquímicos quanto famacológicos para promover o desenvolvimento de novas drogas para la indústria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Indigenous Peoples , Medicine, Traditional , Brazil , Interviews as Topic
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