Wernekinck Commissure Syndrome with Holmes Tremor: A Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature.

Wernekinck commissure syndrome is a rare midbrain infarction, it consists of several symptoms including bilateral cerebellar ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and palatal tremor. Holmes tremor is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by a combination of resting, postural, and action tremors. We describe two cases of Wernekinck commissure syndrome with Holmes tremor. To the best of our knowledge, it has been rarely reported in the literature to date. Both of the cases were presented with acute onset of bilateral cerebellar ataxia, dysarthria, and Holmes tremor. In the treatment, one patient was given "clonazepam and benheisol," the other was received acupuncture therapy, both of them showed a marked improvement in ataxia and tremor.

[Fingerprint analysis and Q-marker prediction of processed liquorice products].

Licorice has long been regarded as one of the most popular herbs, with a very wide clinical application range. Whether being used alone or as an ingredient in prescription, it has an important role which cannot be ignored. However, the efficacy and chemical constituents of licorice will change after honey-processing. Therefore, it is necessary to find quality markers before and after honey-processing to lay the foundation for a comprehensive evaluation of the differences between raw and processed licorice pieces. HPLC-DAD was employed to establish fingerprints of raw and processed licorice. Multivariate statistical analysis methods including principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis(OPLS-DA) were applied to screen out the differential components before and after processing of licorice. Based on network pharmacology, the targets and pathways corresponding to the differential components were analyzed with databases such as Swiss Target Prediction and Metascape, and the "component-target-pathway" diagram was constructed with Cytoscape 3.6.0 software to predict the potential quality markers. A total of 17 common peaks were successfully identified in the established fingerprint, and seven differential components were selected as potential quality markers(licoricesaponin G2, glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritigenin, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritin apioside and isoliquiritigenin). The HPLC fingerprint method proposed in this study was efficient and feasible. The above seven differential chemical components screened out as potential quality markers of licorice can help to improve and promote the overall quality. These researches offer more sufficient theoretical basis for scientific application of licorice and its corresponding products.

Effects of rumen-protected betaine supplementation on meat quality and the composition of fatty and amino acids in growing lambs.

Rumen-protected betaine (RPB) can enhance betaine absorption in the small intestine of ruminants, while betaine can alter fat distribution and has the potential to affect the meat quality of livestock. Hence, we hypothesized that RPB might also affect the meat quality of lambs. Sixty male Hu sheep of similar weight (30.47 ± 2.04 kg) were selected and randomly subjected to five different treatments. The sheep were fed a control diet (control treatment, CTL); 1.1 g/day unprotected-betaine supplemented diet (UPB); or doses of 1.1 g/day (low RPB treatment; L-PB), 2.2 g/day (middle RPB treatment; M-PB) or 3.3 g/day (high RPB treatment; H-PB) RPB-supplemented diet for 70 days. Slaughter performance, meat quality, fatty acid and amino acid content in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle, shoulder muscle (SM) and gluteus muscle (GM) were measured. Compared with CTL, betaine (including UPB and RPB) supplementation increased the average daily weight gain (ADG) (P < 0.05) and average daily feed intake (P < 0.01) of lambs. Rumen-protected betaine increased ADG (P < 0.05) compared with UPB. With increasing RPB doses, the eye muscle area of the lambs linearly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with CTL, betaine supplementation decreased water loss (P < 0.05) in SM and increased pH24 in the SM (P < 0.05) and GM (P < 0.05). Compared with UPB, RPB decreased water loss in the GM (P < 0.01), decreased shear force (P < 0.05) in the LD and SM and increased the pH of the meat 24 h after slaughter (pH24). With increasing RPB doses, the shear force and b* value in the LD linearly decreased (P < 0.05), and the pH24 of the meat quadratically increased (P < 0.05). Compared with CTL, betaine supplementation increased the polyunsaturated fatty acid in the GM (P < 0.05). Compared with UPB, RPB supplementation decreased the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content in the LD (P < 0.05) and increased the unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), mono-unsaturated fatty acids and UFA/SFA ratio in the LD (P < 0.05). Compared with CTL, the content of histidine in the LD increased with betaine supplementation. Compared with UPB, RPB supplementation increased the content of total free amino acids and flavor amino acids in the LD of lambs (P < 0.05). With increasing RPB, the isoleucine and phenylalanine contents in the LD linearly increased (P < 0.05). Overall, the data collected indicated that the meat quality of lambs (especially in the LD) improved as a result of betaine supplementation, and RPB showed better effects than those of UPB.

Effect of bamboo vinegar powder on the expression of the immune-related genes MyD88 and CD14 in weaning piglets.

The aim was to explore the feasibility of using bamboo vinegar powder as an antibiotics substitute in weaning piglets. Forty-five healthy Duroc × Landrance × Yorshire piglets (weight 6.74 ± 0.17 kg; age 31 days) were randomly divided into the control group (basic diet), ANT group (basic diet + 0.12% compound antibiotics), BV1 group (basic diet + 0.1% bamboo vinegar powder), BV5 group (basic diet + 0.5% bamboo vinegar powder) and BV10 group (basic diet + 1% bamboo vinegar powder). MyD88 and CD14 expression in immune tissues was examined using real-time PCR. MyD88 expression in the control group were significantly lower than that in other groups in all tissues (p⟨0.05), while CD14 expression showed the opposite trend. MyD88 expression was significantly higher in the BV10 group than in other groups in lung tissue (P⟨0.05), significantly higher in the ANT group than in the BV1 group in the kidneys (P⟨0.05), significantly higher in the BV10 group than in the BV1 group in the thymus (P⟨0.05), and signifi- cantly higher in the BV1 group than in the BV10 group in the lymphatic tissue (P⟨0.05). These differences between experimental groups were not observed for the CD14 gene (P>0.05). Thus, adding bamboo vinegar powder to the basic diet of weaning piglets had immune effects similar to antibiotics and the effect was dose-dependent. Moreover, the MyD88 and CD14 genes appear to play a role in these immune effects.

Aberrant Thalamocortical Connectivity in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional connectivity (FC) of thalamic subdivisions in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were acquired from 22 JME and 25 healthy controls. We first divided the thalamus into eight subdivisions by performing independent component analysis on tracking fibers and clustering thalamus-related FC maps. We then analyzed abnormal FC in each subdivision in JME compared with healthy controls, and we investigated their associations with clinical features. Eight thalamic sub-regions identified in the current study showed unbalanced thalamic FC in JME: decreased FC with the superior frontal gyrus and enhanced FC with the supplementary motor area in the posterior thalamus increased thalamic FC with the salience network (SN) and reduced FC with the default mode network (DMN). Abnormalities in thalamo-prefrontocortical networks might be related to the propagation of generalized spikes with frontocentral predominance in JME, and the network connectivity differences with the SN and DMN might be implicated in emotional and cognitive defects in JME. JME was also associated with enhanced FC among thalamic sub-regions and with the basal ganglia and cerebellum, suggesting the regulatory role of subcortical nuclei and the cerebellum on the thalamo-cortical circuit. Additionally, increased FC with the pallidum was positive related with the duration of disease. The present study provides emerging evidence of FC to understand that specific thalamic subdivisions contribute to the abnormalities of thalamic-cortical networks in JME. Moreover, the posterior thalamus could play a crucial role in generalized epileptic activity in JME.

Engagement of Toll-like receptor 2 enhances interleukin (IL)-17(+) autoreactive T cell responses via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling in dendritic cells.

Functional analysis of single Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in vivo is necessary to understand how they shape the ocular inflammation involved in uveitis. In this study we explored the role and mechanisms of TLR-2 agonists on the autoreactive T helper type 17 (Th17) response in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Treatment by peptidoglycan (PGN), a specific TLR-2 agonist, remarkably increased mRNA levels of Th17-lineage genes interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-21 and RAR-related orphan receptor (ROR)γt and promoted antigen-specific Th17 response in EAU mice. A mixture of PGN and interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein peptide (IRBP161-180 ) could effectively induce EAU in the absence of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). PGN treatment also enhanced the pathogenic activities of activated antigen-specific Th17 cells in vivo. PGN significantly increased the production of IL-1ß, IL-6 and IL-23 of dendritic cells (DCs) and enhanced their ability to promote IL-17(+) uveitogenic T cells. Enhanced immunostimulatory activities of PGN-DCs depend upon p38 activation. Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity dramatically decreased IL-17 gene expression and antigen-specific Th17 responses stimulated by PGN-DCs. Our findings suggest that PGN treatment dramatically promotes the IL-17(+) uveitogenic T cell responses via enhancing the immunostimulatory activities of DCs. This effect may be mediated, at least in part, by activation of the p38 signalling pathway in DCs.

Effects of linseed oil and palm oil on growth performance, tibia fatty acid and biomarkers of bone metabolism in broilers.

1. This study was conducted to determine the effects of different dietary fat sources on growth performance, tibia fatty acids and biomarkers of bone metabolism in broilers. 2. One-d-old commercial Arbor Acres broilers were fed with a maize-soya bean basal diet for 42 d, supplemented with oils according to the following 5 treatments: lard (lard group); linseed oil (linseed oil group); palm oil (palm oil group); linseed oil + palm oil (60:40 or 40:60 w/w, LP-1 group and LP-2 group, respectively). 3. No significant differences in weight gain, feed intake and gain/feed ratio were observed between the lard and linseed oil groups. Birds fed on palm oil had significantly greater weight gain and feed intake than those fed on lard or linseed oil. Growth performance in LP-1 and LP-2 was significantly greater than that of single-oil groups. 4. Tibia growth and bone characteristics were not influenced by supplementation with lard, linseed oil, or palm oil alone, but broilers fed on a mixture of fats had significantly greater tibia weight and length compared to broilers fed on linseed oil. Bone mineral density in tibia was significantly increased in LP-1 and LP-2 groups. 5. Supplementation of linseed oil alone or in combination with palm oil enhanced apparent digestibility of calcium, reduced serum calcium and increased tibia calcium concentrations. Moreover, supplementation with linseed oil alone or in combination with palm oil had a positive effect on biomarkers of bone growth. 6. The combination of linseed and palm oils was beneficial for growth performance, tibia growth and biomarkers of bone metabolism.

Curcumin acts via transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptors to inhibit gut nociception and reverses visceral hyperalgesia.

BACKGROUND: An antinociceptive effect has been reported for curcumin in animal models and in humans, but the molecular mechanisms of curcumin's effect remain undefined. In this study, we explored the possibility that curcumin inhibit visceral nociception via antagonizing the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) receptor. METHODS: The effects of curcumin were explored using two experimental models: viscero-motor response (VMR) to colorectal distension (CRD) in rats and jejunal afferent firing in the ex vivo mouse jejunum preparations [TRPV1 knockout (KO) and wild-type mice, naive and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-treated Kunming mice]. In addition, capsaicin-induced calcium transients and whole-cell currents were examined in acutely dissociated dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. KEY RESULTS: In the anesthetized rat, curcumin (4 mg kg(-1)  min(-1) for 3 min) caused a marked and rapidly reversible inhibition of CRD-induced VMRs. In the mouse jejunum, the mesenteric afferent nerve response to ramp distension was attenuated by curcumin (3, 10 µmol L(-1) ), an effect that was significantly reduced in TRPV1 KO mice compared with wild-type (WT) controls. Moreover, in WT mice, curcumin (1-30 µmol L(-1) ) was found to inhibit the afferent responses to capsaicin in a concentration-dependent manner. Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced hypersensitivity of jejunal afferents was also attenuated by curcumin. Curcumin potently inhibited capsaicin-induced rise in intracellular calcium and inward currents in mouse or rat DRG neurons. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: Our results provide strong evidence that curcumin inhibit visceral nociception via antagonizing TRPV1 and may be a promising lead for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal diseases.

Simultaneous determination of ten ginsenosides in panacis quinquefolii radix by ultra performance liquid chromatography and quality evaluation based on chemometric methods.

A rapid, sensitive and reliable method based on ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector (UPLC-PAD) was developed for both the quantitative analysis of ten bioactive ginsenosides and a chemical-fingerprint analysis. The chromatography was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column using a gradient elution with acetonitrile/water as the mobile phase. To compare the UPLC fingerprints and to evaluate their quality, chemometric methods including similarity analysis (SA) and hierarchical-clustering analysis (HCA) were implemented when classifying the Panacis Quinquefolii Radix samples. The Panacis Quinquefolii Radix samples were successfully grouped in accordance with their geographic origins.

Ginkgo biloba leaf extract action in scavenging free radicals and reducing mutagenicity and toxicity of cigarette smoke in vivo.

In this study, ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBE) was added to sample cigarettes, including in the filter (0.8 mg/cigarette) and/or the cut filler (0.8 mg/cigarette). The effects of GBE in scavenging free radicals and reducing mutagenicity and toxicity of cigarette smoke in vivo were investigated. Smoke analysis results indicated that GBE eliminated up to 30% of free radicals. Biological experiments, conducted for both GBE cigarettes and control samples, included the Ames test, acute toxicity, neutral red cytotoxicity assay and chronic toxicity. Results showed that the mutagenicity and toxicity of the GBE cigarettes were lower than for the control cigarettes. A possible mechanism of GBE in scavenging free radicals is discussed in this article.

Iron overload is a major risk factor for severe infection after autologous stem cell transplantation: a study of 367 myeloma patients.

We evaluated the risk factors for infection of 367 consecutive myeloma patients who underwent high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Examination of bone marrow iron stores (BMIS) prior to ASCT was used to evaluate body iron stores. Other variables included age, sex, active smoking, myeloma remission status, severity of mucositis and duration of severe neutropenia post-ASCT (<100 absolute neutrophils counts (ANC)/microl). Median age was 56 years; 61% of patients were males. 140 episodes of severe infections occurred in 116 patients, including bacteremia (73), pneumonia (40), severe colitis (25) and bacteremia with septic shock (two). The infection incidence per 1,000 days at risk was 45.2. Pre-ASCT risk factors for severe infection by univariate analysis were increased BMIS (OR=2.686; 95% CI 1.707-4.226; P<0.0001), smoking (OR=1.565; 95% CI 1.005-2.437; P=0.0474) and male gender (OR=1.624; 95% CI 1.019-2.589; P=0.0414). Increased BMIS (OR=2.716; 95% CI 1.720-4.287; P<0.0001) and smoking (OR=1.714; 95% CI 1.081-2.718; P=0.022) remained significant by multivariate analysis. Duration of ANC <100 micro/l (OR=1.129; 95% CI 1.039-1.226; P=0.0069 and OR=1.127; 95% CI 1.038-1.224; P=0.0045 by both univariate and multivariate analysis, respectively) was the only post-ASCT risk factor for infection. Increased pre-transplant BMIS and smoking are significant predictors of severe infection after myeloablative chemotherapy followed by ASCT in myeloma patients.

Preclinical assessment of the feasibility of applying controlled release oral drug delivery to a lead series of atypical antipsychotics.

In this paper, we present a preclinical approach for evaluating the feasibility of applying controlled-release (CR) oral drug delivery to increase the duration of exposure and lower the C(max) of compounds in a lead series of short half-life atypical antipsychotics. Three lead compounds in the series had demonstrated potential pharmacological benefits for the treatment of psychosis, in preclinical studies. However, the compounds showed evidence of insufficient half-lives to enable a once-a-day (QD) product using immediate-release (IR) oral delivery. To evaluate and compare the potential for oral CR delivery to extend the duration of action and thereby enable QD administration, the in vitro solubility and permeability, and the duodenal and colonic absorption of three compounds in the series were measured. Based on the results, one candidate was selected for advancement that showed moderate in vitro solubility, but had the highest in vitro permeability and ratio of colonic to duodenal bioavailability (0.9) in the rat. The results from this study provided evidence that a CR drug delivery system could be used to extend the duration of exposure of the compounds in the series and a scientific basis for selecting one of the three compounds as a candidate.

Electroacupuncture for tension-type headache on distal acupoints only: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of electroacupuncture, applied to distal acupoints only, for tension-type headache. BACKGROUND: Electroacupuncture is commonly used for tension-type headache, but when applied to distal acupoints only, evidence of its efficacy is lacking. DESIGN: A randomized, single-blinded, sham-controlled, crossover clinical trial. Methods.-The trial had 5 stages: baseline (2 weeks), phases I and II (each 4 weeks), washout period (2 weeks), and follow-up (3 months after phase II). Forty patients were randomly assigned to either group A or group B. Group A received real electroacupuncture during phase I, then sham electroacupuncture in phase II. Group B received the treatments in reverse order. Outcome measures were headache frequency and duration, pain intensity using a visual analog scale, mechanical pain threshold, headache disability, and sickness impact. Data were analyzed by univariate 2-way analysis of variance. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients completed the trial. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups at baseline. At the end of phase I, group A, but not group B, demonstrated significant improvement in mean (standard error of the mean [SEM]) headache frequency (3.0 per month [0.3] versus 12.0 per month [1.7]), duration (13.3 hours [3.5] versus 32.0 hours [6.2]), pain intensity (32.8 mm [4.1] versus 47.5 mm [2.7]), pain threshold (right side, 2.9 kg/second [0.1] versus 0.9 kg/second [0.1]; left side, 2.4 kg/second [0.1] versus 1.1 kg/second [0.1]), headache disability score (6.0 [1.0] versus 16.3 [1.6]), and sickness impact score (288.7 [48.0] versus 687.1 [77.2]). For each parameter, significant differences also were demonstrated for both groups between baseline and phase II, and baseline and follow-up. There were no significant differences between the groups at the end of follow-up (P >.05). CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture to distal points alone is effective for short-term symptomatic relief of tension-type headache.

Insulin receptor-mediated p62dok tyrosine phosphorylation at residues 362 and 398 plays distinct roles for binding GTPase-activating protein and Nck and is essential for inhibiting insulin-stimulated activation of Ras and Akt.

A GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-associated 60-kDa protein has been found to undergo rapid tyrosine phosphorylation in response to insulin stimulation. However, whether this protein is a direct in vivo substrate for the insulin receptor (IR) tyrosine kinase and whether the tyrosine phosphorylation plays a role in insulin signaling remain to be established. Here we show that the insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the GAP-associated protein, now identified as p62(dok), is inhibited by Grb10, an adaptor protein that binds directly to the kinase domain of the IR, both in vitro and in cells. Replacing Tyr(362) and Tyr(398) with phenylalanine greatly decreased the IR-catalyzed p62(dok) tyrosine phosphorylation in vitro, suggesting that these two residues are the major IR-mediated phosphorylation sites. However, mutations at Tyr(362) and Tyr(398) only partially blocked insulin-stimulated p62(dok) tyrosine phosphorylation in cells, indicating that p62(dok) is also a target for other cellular tyrosine kinase(s) in addition to the IR. Replacing Tyr(362) with phenylalanine abolished the interaction between p62(dok) and Nck. Mutations at Tyr(362/398) of p62(dok) disrupted the interaction between p62(dok) and GAP and decreased the inhibitory effect of p62(dok) on the insulin-stimulated activation of Ras and Akt, but not mitogen-activated protein kinase. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of p62(dok) on Akt phosphorylation could be blocked by coexpression of a constitutively active Ras. Taken together, our findings indicate that p62(dok) is a direct substrate for the IR tyrosine kinase and that phosphorylation at Tyr(362) and Tyr(398) plays an essential role for p62(dok) to interact with its effectors and negatively regulate the insulin signaling pathway.

[A study on quality standard of Sambucus chinensis Lindl].

OBJECTIVE: To offer evidences for exploiting the plant resources and drafting the quality standards. METHOD: Studies of pharmacognosy. RESULT: The medicinal properties and the microscopic characteristics of the stem, leaves, rhizome and powder were described, drawn and physicochemically identified. CONCLUSION: A convenient and effective method for identifying the herb has been established.

[Phosphorus behavior in soil-water system of paddy field and its environmental impact].

A field experiment with rice showed that P fertilizer application increased the concentrations of resin P in soil and total P in soil surface water, and both of them declined subsequently over time. Compared with applying mineral P fertilizer only, the integrated application of mineral-P and manure resulted in a higher resin P level within 20 days after P application. The total P concentration in soil surface water in the treatment of integrated application of mineral-P and manure was 3.4 times higher than that in the treatment of mineral-P fertilizer application only after 7 days of P application, and also, was 2.8 times higher than that in the treatment where P application rate was doubled. The potential of Ploss from surface water in the treatment of integrated application with manure was more than that in the treatment of applying-P fertilizer only. The effect of applied P sorts on P concentration in soil surface water could be ignored after 33 days of P application. Two drainages were conducted for rice growth, which caused the net P loss loading and its apparent P loss ratio in range of -0.038-0.076 kg.m-2 and 0.034-0.100%, respectively. To minimize P loss from rice production area, field drainage should be avoided in the initial week of P-fertilizer application or field harrowing.

Preconditioning with cortical spreading depression decreases intraischemic cerebral glutamate levels and down-regulates excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT1 and EAAT2 from rat cerebal cortex plasma membranes.

We previously reported a 50% reduction in cortical infarct volume following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats preconditioned 3 days earlier with cortical spreading depression (CSD). The mechanism of the protective effect of prior CSD remains unknown. Recent studies demonstrate reversal of excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) to be a principal cause for elevated extracellular glutamate levels during cerebral ischemia. The present study measured the effect of CSD preconditioning on (a) intraischemic glutamate levels and (b) regulation of glutamate transporters within the ischemic cortex of the rat. Three days following either CSD or sham preconditioning, rats were subjected to 200 min of focal cerebral ischemia, and extracellular glutamate concentration was measured by in vivo microdialysis. Cortical glutamate exposure decreased 70% from 1,772.4 +/- 1,469.2 microM-min in sham-treated (n = 8) to 569.0 +/- 707.8 microM-min in CSD-treated (n = 13) rats (p <0.05). The effect of CSD preconditioning on glutamate transporter levels in plasma membranes (PMs) prepared from rat cerebral cortex was assessed by western blot analysis. Down-regulation of the glial glutamate transporter isoforms EAAT2 and EAAT1 from the PM fraction was observed at 1, 3, and 7 days but not at 0 or 21 days after CSD. Semiquantitative lane analysis showed a maximal decrease of 90% for EAAT2 and 50% for EAAT1 at 3 days post-CSD. The neuronal isoform EAAT3 was unaffected by CSD. This period of down-regulation coincides with the time frame reported for induced ischemic tolerance. These data are consistent with reversal of glutamate transporter function contributing to glutamate release during ischemia and suggest that down-regulation of these transporters may contribute to ischemic tolerance induced by CSD.

[Morphological and microscopic identification of herba artemisiae scopariae and its adulterants].

Pharmacognostical studies of Herba Artemisiae Scopariae and its adulterants were compared on morphological and microscopic characteristics. The detailed characteristics of powder microscopic identification were described.

[Effect of composite blood-activating decoction on expression of adherent molecule and cyclin in bone marrow hematopoietic cells in mice of immune-induced aplastic anemia].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of composite blood-activating decoction (CBAD) on expression of adherent molecule CD49 d and cyclin D2 in bone marrow hematopoietic cells in experimental immune-mediated aplastic anemia (AA) mice. METHODS: After the model of AA was established, the animals were fed with 0.2 ml of 100% CBAD, twice a day for 12 days. Te CD49 d and cyclin D2 expression level of bone marrow hematopoietic cells in model mice were measured by flow cytometor analysis system at the 13th day of experiment. RESULTS: CD49 d expression level in CBAD group was significantly higher than that in the AA group (P < 0.05), and was similar to that in the normal group (P > 0.05). The expression of cyclin D2 in CBAD group was significantly higher than that in the AA group (P < 0.01), but the cell count of G0 + G1 phase was significantly lower in the CBAD group, as compared with the AA group, P < 0.01. CONCLUSION: CBAD can increase the expression of adherent molecule CD49 d and cyclin D2 in bone marrow hematopoietic cells, and promote the growth of hematopoietic cells.

[Effect of ligustrazine on CD34 antigen expression of bone marrow cells in immune-mediated aplastic anemia mice].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of ligustrazine on CD34 antigen expression of bone marrow cells in immune-mediated aplastic anemia (AA) mice. METHODS: The model of immune aplastic anemia mice was induced by means of 6.0 Gy60Co gamma-ray irradiation and lymphocyte infusion through tail vein. The mice were divided into 3 groups: the normal group, the AA control group and the ligustrazine group. Mice of the ligustrazine group were fed by 4 mg of ligustrazine injection twice a day by gastrogavage. On the 10th day, CD34 antigen expression intensity of bone marrow cell membrane was measured by flow cytometer analysis system. RESULTS: CD34 antigen expression intensity of ligustrazine group was 77.6 +/- 6.5, with no statistic difference from that in the normal group (80.0 +/- 2.6), while that of the control group was much higher (68.6 +/- 4.5, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Ligustrazine could promote proliferation of stem and progenitor cell of AA mice through influencing on bone marrow micro-environment so as to increase the CD34 antigen expression of bone marrow cells.