ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Serotonin (5-HT) is involved in nervous system ontogenesis, and is important for neurotransmission and behavior modulation after the developmental stage. Alterations in 5-HT levels during the early period of life may signal to feeding behavior and hypothalamic genic expression changes in adulthood. OBJECTIVES: Investigate the effects of hypercaloric diet in adult rats submitted to neonatal serotonin reuptake inhibition on food intake, fat pad mass, plasmatic triglycerides/cholesterol and gene expression of hypothalamic peptides (POMC, NPY) and serotonin receptors (5-HT1B, 5-HT2C). METHODS: In each litter, 8 pups were divided into two groups: control (C) and fluoxetine (F). From the 1(st) to the 21(st) postnatal day, C pups received sterile saline while F pups received fluoxetine (10mg/kg). From 180 to 215 days, a group of rats from C and F groups were fed hypercaloric diet (CH and FH, 421.4Kcal/100 g) while the rest of animals from C and F groups fed chow diet (CC and FC). RESULTS: The use of hypercaloric diet was associated with lower accumulation of white adipose tissue in adult rats subjected to neonatal serotonin reuptake inhibition. Adult rats of group FC showed decreased 5-HT2C and neuropeptide Y mRNA expression compared with control chow diet group (CC). After chronic use of a hypercaloric diet, the expression of 5-HT2C was higher in the FH group than the FC group and neuropeptide Y expression decreased in FH related to FC. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that neonatal serotonin reuptake inhibition is associated with better adaptation to hypercaloric diet in adult rats.
Subject(s)
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/physiology , Hypothalamus/metabolism , Serotonin/metabolism , Adipose Tissue/drug effects , Adipose Tissue/pathology , Age Factors , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Body Weight/drug effects , Cholesterol/blood , Diet/adverse effects , Eating/drug effects , Female , Fluoxetine/pharmacology , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects , Hypothalamus/drug effects , Male , Neuropeptide Y/genetics , Neuropeptide Y/metabolism , Pregnancy , Pro-Opiomelanocortin/genetics , Pro-Opiomelanocortin/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/pharmacology , Triglycerides/bloodABSTRACT
A deficiência de nutrientes durante os períodos críticos do desenvolvimento tem sido associada com maior risco para desenvolver obesidade e diabetes Mellitus na vida adulta. Um dos mecanismos propostos refere-se à regulação do comportamento alimentar e às alterações do metabolismo energético do músculo esquelético. Recentemente, tem sido proposta a existência de uma comunicação entre o hipotálamo e o músculo esquelético a partir de sinais autonômicos que podem explicar as repercussões da desnutrição perinatal. Assim, esta revisão tem como objetivo discutir as repercussões da desnutrição perinatal sobre o comportamento alimentar e o metabolismo energético muscular e a comunicação existente entre o hipotálamo e o músculo via sinais adrenérgicos. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados MedLine/PubMed, Lilacs e Bireme, com publicações entre 2000 e 2011. Os termos de indexação utilizados foram: feeding behavior, energy metabolism, protein malnutrition, developmental plasticity, skeletal muscle e autonomic nervous system. Concluiu-se que a desnutrição perinatal pode atuar no controle hipotalâmico do comportamento alimentar e no metabolismo energético muscular, e a comunicação hipotálamo-músculo pode favorecer o desenvolvimento de obesidade e comorbidades durante o desenvolvimento.
Undernutrition during the critical period of development has been associated with susceptibility to obesity and diabetes Mellitus in adulthood. One of the underlying mechanisms can be related with the relationship between the food intake and the metabolism of skeletal muscle. A communication between the hypothalamus and skeletal muscle has been recently proposed, which can explain the repercussion of perinatal undernutrition. Thus, this review aims mainly to discuss the repercussions of perinatal undernutrition on food intake and skeletal muscle metabolism by adrenergic signals. Articles published from 2000 to 2011 were searched in the Medline/Pubmed, Lilacs and Bireme databases using the following keywords: feeding behavior, energy metabolism, protein malnutrition, developmental plasticity, skeletal muscle and autonomic nervous system. In conclusion, perinatal undernutrition can alter the hypothalamic control of food intake and skeletal muscle metabolism. Additionally, communication between the hypothalamus and skeletal muscle can promote the development of obesity and associated diseases.
Subject(s)
Feeding Behavior , Hypothalamus/metabolism , Muscle, Skeletal , Fetal Nutrition Disorders/metabolismABSTRACT
Dentre os diversos nutrientes pesquisados, denominados "imunomoduladores" ou "imunonutrientes", tem-se ressaltado o papel da glutamina, que é um aminoácido não essencial, sintetizado pelo organismo em quantidades suficientes nos estados fisiológicos. Possui relevante participação em numerosas vias metabólicas, sobretudo, as relacionadas com a homeostase orgânica. Entretanto, estados hipercatabólicos, como o estresse, encontram-se associados ao aumento da demanda orgânica de glutamina. Nesta revisão, serão discutidos o papel metabólico da glutamina e as implicações de sua disponibilidade no funcionamento das células imunes