Application of biocompatible and ultrastable superparamagnetic iron(III) oxide nanoparticles doped with magnesium for efficient magnetic fluid hyperthermia in lung cancer cells.

Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) is a promising therapeutic strategy that targets malignant tissues by heating to 40-43 °C using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) subjected to an alternating magnetic field (AMF). In this study, novel magnetic iron(III) oxide nanoparticles doped with magnesium (Mg0.1-γ-Fe2O3(mPEG-silane)0.5) were synthesized, and their structural, chemical, and magnetic properties were analyzed using the following techniques: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, vibrating magnetometer analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The as-synthesized MNPs were used as water ferrofluids for MFH under an AMF in two calorimetric setups, namely phantom and lung cancer cell (A549) models. The as-synthesized MNPs were hexagonal or rhombohedral shaped, with an average size of 27 nm. They showed a typical soft ferromagnetic behavior based on the hysteresis profile, with a magnetic saturation of 70 emu g-1 and remnant magnetization of 1.6 emu g-1. In phantom studies, the ferrofluid (3.0 mg mL-1) exposed to an AMF (18.3 kA m-1, 110.1 kHz) heated up extremely quickly, reaching more than 90 °C in the first 10 min of magnetization. In cell studies, the ferrofluid (0.25 mg mL-1) under an AMF (16.7 kA m-1, 110.1 kHz) showed a slight increase in temperature within the first 12 min, reaching a peak of ca. 43-45 °C, which was stable up to the end of the AMF exposure (45 min). Under these conditions, a pronounced cytotoxic effect on the lung cancer cells was observed (viability ca. 15-20%). No such deleterious effects were observed when the cells were treated with MNPs only without an AMF. Specific absorption rate (SAR) measurements were performed using three mathematical approaches, namely the initial slope method, the corrected slope method, and the Box-Lucas method, which ranged from ca. 429 to 596 W g-1 for phantom and cell studies. Iron(III) oxide MNPs doped with magnesium were found to be candidates for MFH in lung cancer treatments.

Label-Free Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Analysis in Lamb Tissues after Fish Oil, Carnosic Acid, and Inorganic Selenium Supplementation.

Selenium is an essential nutrient, building twenty five identified selenoproteins in humans known to perform several important biological functions. The small amount of selenium in the earth's crust in certain regions along with the risk of deficiency in organisms have resulted in increasingly popular dietary supplementation in animals, implemented via, e.g., inorganic selenium compounds. Even though selenium is included in selenoproteins in the form of selenocysteine, the dietary effect of selenium may result in the expression of other proteins or genes. Very little is known about the expression effects modulated by selenium. The present study aimed to examine the significance of protein expression in lamb tissues obtained after dietary supplementation with selenium (sodium selenate) and two other feed additives, fish oil and carnosic acid. Label-free mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis was successfully applied to examine the animal tissues. Protein-protein interaction network analysis of forty differently-expressed proteins following inorganic selenium supplementation indicated two significant clusters which are involved in cell adhesion, heart development, actin filament-based movement, plasma membrane repair, and establishment of organelle localization.

Effect of Copper and Selenium Supplementation on the Level of Elements in Rats' Femurs under Neoplastic Conditions.

A study was conducted to determine the effect of long-term supplementation with selenium and copper, administered at twice the level used in the standard diet of rats, on the content of selected elements in the femoral bones of healthy rats and rats with implanted LNCaP cancer cells. After an adaptation period, the animals were randomly divided into two experimental groups. The rats in the experimental group were implanted with prostate cancer cells. The rats in the control group were kept in the same conditions as those in the experimental group and fed the same diet, but without implanted cancer cells. The cancer cells (LNCaP) were intraperitoneally implanted in the amount of 1 × 106 (in PBS 0.4 mL) at the age of 90 days. The content of elements in the samples was determined by a quadrupole mass spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma ionization (ICP-MS). In the femoral bones of rats with implanted LNCaP cells, in the case of the standard diet and the copper-enriched diet, there was a marked decreasing trend in the content of the analysed elements relative to the control rats. This may indicate slow osteolysis taking place in the bone tissue. Contrasting results were obtained for the diet enriched with selenium; there was no significant reduction in the level of these elements, and there was even an increase in the concentrations of Fe and K in the bones of rats with implanted LNCaP cells. Particularly, numerous changes in the mineral composition of the bones were generated by enriching the diet with copper. The elements that most often underwent changes (losses) in the bones were cobalt, iron, manganese and molybdenum. The changes observed, most likely induced by the implantation of LNCaP cells, may indicate a disturbance of mineral homeostasis.

Cancer Influences the Elemental Composition of the Myocardium More Strongly than Conjugated Linoleic Acids-Chemometric Approach to Cardio-Oncological Studies.

The aim of the study was to verify in a cardio-oncological model experiment if conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) fed to rats with mammary tumors affect the content of selected macro- and microelements in their myocardium. The diet of Sprague-Dawley females was supplemented either with CLA isomers or with safflower oil. In hearts of rats suffering from breast cancer, selected elements were analyzed with a quadrupole mass spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma ionization (ICP-MS). In order to better understand the data trends, cluster analysis, principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis were applied. Mammary tumors influenced macro- and microelements content in the myocardium to a greater extent than applied diet supplementation. Significant influences of diet (p = 0.0192), mammary tumors (p = 0.0200) and interactions of both factors (p = 0.0151) were documented in terms of Fe content. CLA significantly decreased the contents of Cu and Mn (p = 0.0158 and p = 0.0265, respectively). The level of Ni was significantly higher (p = 0.0073), which was more pronounced in groups supplemented with CLA. The obtained results confirmed antioxidant properties of CLA and the relationship with Se deposition. Chemometric techniques distinctly showed that the coexisting pathological process induced differences to the greater extent than diet supplementation in the elemental content in the myocardium, which may impinge on cardiac tissue's susceptibility to injuries.

Evaluation of the influence of diet supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid isomers on elemental composition in the cardio-oncological nutritional programming rat' model.

BACKGROUND: The 'developmental origin of health and disease' (DOHaD) hypothesis assumes that due to the action of some stimuli during fetal life the long-term physiological changes occurs and may affects the risk of various diseases. The main aim of this study was to assess impact of supplementation of maternal' and early postnatal diet with conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) isomers on selected elements content in hearts of their female offspring with chemically induced breast cancer. METHODS: Elemental composition was determined by quadrupole mass spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma ionization (ICP-MS). RESULTS: The effect of maternal' diet on the elements content was more pronounced than the progeny diet modifications. Significant correlations among determined elements, especially macroelements, and lipidomic parameters, in the experimental factors dependent manner were observed. It can be concluded that supplementation of maternal and progeny diets with CLA isomers may significantly influence the contents of both macro- and microelements in cardiac tissue of newborns. CONCLUSION: Our results also indicate, that dynamic and intricate balance among various elements in body may be affected by the lipid dietary supplements also in the pathological state. Utility of cardio-oncological approach in developmental programming study was confirmed.

Determination of Selenium Species in Muscle, Heart, and Liver Tissues of Lambs Using Mass Spectrometry Methods.

Identification and quantification of the selenium species in biological tissues is imperative, considering the need to properly understand its metabolism and its importance in various field of sciences, especially nutrition science. Although a number of studies deals with the speciation of selenium, speciation analysis is still far from being a routine task, and so far strongly depends on the type of the samples. We present a study aimed to examine speciation analysis of Se in tissues of livers, muscles, and hearts obtained from lambs, namely in liver, muscle, and heart. The studied lambs were fed with the diet enriched with an inorganic (as sodium selenate) and organic chemical form of Se (as Se-enriched yeast) compounds with simultaneous addition of fish oil (FO) and carnosic acid (CA). The first part of the work was focused on the optimization of the extraction procedure of selenium compounds from tissues. Next, hyphenated high performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) was used for the identification of five seleno-compounds-Se-methionine (SeMet), Se-cystine (SeCys2), Se-methyl-Se-cysteine (SeMetSeCys), and Se(IV) and Se(VI). Verification of the identified seleno-compounds was achieved using triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer coupled to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The applied procedure allowed for quantitative analysis of SeMet, SeCys2, and SeMetSeCys, in biological tissues. The developed analytical protocol is feasible for speciation analysis of small molecular seleno-compounds in animals samples.

Title Changes in the Mineral Composition of Rat Femoral Bones Induced by Implantation of LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells and Dietary Supplementation.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent cancer in men and the fifth most common cause of death worldwide, with an estimated 378,553 deaths in 2020. Prostate cancer shows a strong tendency to form metastatic foci in the bones. A number of interactions between cancer cells attacking bones and cells of the bone matrix lead to destruction of the bone and growth of the tumour. The last few decades have seen increased interest in the precise role of minerals in human health and disease. Tumour cells accumulate various minerals that promote their intensive growth. Bone, as a storehouse of elements, can be a valuable source of them for the growing tumour. There are also reports suggesting that the presence of some tumours, e.g., of the breast, can adversely affect bone structure even in the absence of metastasis to this organ. This paper presents the effect of chronic dietary intake of calcium, iron and zinc, administered in doses corresponding maximally to twice their level in a standard diet, on homeostasis of selected elements (Ca, K, Zn, Fe, Cu, Sr, Ni, Co, Mn and Mo) in the femoral bones of healthy rats and rats with implanted cancer cells of the LNCaP line. The experiment was conducted over 90 days. After the adaptation period, the animals were randomly divided into four dietary groups: standard diet and supplementation with Zn, Fe and Ca. Every dietary group was divided into experimental group (with implanted cancer cells) and control group (without implanted cancer cells). The cancer cells (LnCaP) were implanted intraperitoneally in the amount 1 × 106 to the rats at day 90 of their lifetime. Bone tissue was dried and treated with microwave-assisted mineral digestation. Total elemental content was quantified by ICP-MS. Student's t-test and Anova or Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied in order to compare treatment and dietary groups. In the case of most of the diets, especially the standard diet, the femoral bones of rats with implanted LNCaP cells showed a clear downward trend in the content of the elements tested, which may be indicative of slow osteolysis taking place in the bone tissue. In the group of rats receiving the standard diet, there were significant reductions in the content of Mo (by 83%), Ca (25%), Co (22%), Mn (13%), K (13%) and Sr (9%) in the bone tissue of rats with implanted LNCaP cells in comparison with the control group receiving the same diet but without LNCaP implantation. Supplementation of the rat diet with calcium, zinc and iron decreased the frequency of these changes relative to the standard diet, which may indicate that the diet had an inhibitory effect on bone resorption in conditions of LNCaP implantation. The principal component analysis (PCA) score plot confirms the pronounced effect of implanted LNCaP cells and the standard diet on bone composition. At the same time, supplementation with calcium, zinc and iron seems to improve bone composition. The microelements that most often underwent quantitative changes in the experimental conditions were cobalt, manganese and molybdenum.

Seleno-compounds and Carnosic Acid Added to Diets with Rapeseed and Fish Oils Affect Concentrations of Selected Elements and Chemical Composition in the Liver, Heart and Muscles of Lambs.

The objective of our studies was to investigate effects of carnosic acid (CA), selenized yeast (SeY) and selenate (SeVI) added to the diet including rapeseed oil (RO) and fish oil (FO) on concentrations of elements, fatty acids (FAs), tocopherols, cholesterol, and malondialdehyde in the liver, heart, musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD), and musculus biceps femoris (MBF) of lambs. Lambs were fed diets: group I-the basal diet (BD) with RO; group II-BD with RO and FO; group III-BD with RO, FO, and CA; group IV-BD with RO, FO, CA, and SeY; group V-BD with RO, FO, CA, and SeVI. The diets with Se compounds increased Se concentrations in all tissues compared with other diets. The diet with SeVI increased Cd, Sb, and Pb concentrations in the liver compared to groups I, II, and IV. The diets containing Se compounds increased Sb and Pb concentrations in MBF compared to groups I and II. All diets with CA reduced As, Sb, and Pb concentrations in MLD compared to groups I and II. All diets with FO increased concentrations of FAs and malondialdehyde in the liver compared to group I. All diets with FO decreased FAs concentrations in MBF compared to group I. The diets containing CA with/without Se compounds increased malondialdehyde concentrations in MBF compared to groups I and II. The diet with Se compounds reduced malondialdehyde concentrations in MLD compared to group II. All diets with FO changed concentrations of tocopherols and cholesterol in all tissues compared to group I. Our study showed that the addition of SeY or SeVI to the experimental diet increased the concentration of Se in all assayed tissues of lambs without adversely influencing performance or causing physiological disorders in internal organs. Both, SeY or SeVI added to the experimental diet decreased the oxidative stress and the concentrations of As, Sb, and Pb in MLD compared with the diets containing RO, irrespective of the presence of FO (groups I and II). Our study provides useful knowledge for nutritionists carrying out further investigations aimed at improving farm animal health, performance, and the nutritional quality of animal products for humans.

Bio-transformation of selenium in Se-enriched bacterial strains of Lactobacillus casei.

BACKGROUND: Selenium is an element of very great importance for the proper functioning of the human body, mainly due to its antioxidant properties. Selenium exhibits a preventive effect in the case of cardiovascular disease, the immune system, male infertility and inhibits the toxic action of other agents. Selenium is important for Hashimoto's disease. Intake of selenium in the diet slows the aging process. The biological and toxicological effects of selenium strongly depend on its chemical form. Some organisms for example: plant, yeast, are capable of metabolizing low bioavailable selenium compounds (inorganic selenium) into its high bioavailable forms (organic selenium). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the bio-transformation of selenium by Lactobacillus bacteria towards the characterisation of selenium metabolites. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The speciation of selenium was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detector. The extraction of selenium species from lyophilized bacteria was executed with water, the mixture of lipase and protease, as well as lisozyme and sodium dodecyl sulphate. RESULTS: All investigated bacteria strains cultivated in the presence of Na2SeO3 effectively uptake selenium. Surprisingly, none of the applied extraction media exhibited a strong power to release the majority of the uptaken selenium compounds. Thus a maximum of 10% of the selenium was extracted from bacteria exposed to the enzymes. However, it was found that Lactobacillus bacteria are able to metabolize inorganic ions of selenium (IV) into Se-methionine, Se-methyloselenocysteine and other unidentified forms. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed the ability of probiotic bacteria to biotransform inorganic selenium into its organic derivatives. Therefore, Se-enriched bacteria can be considered as an addition to the functional food. KEY WORDS: selenium speciation, extraction procedure, Lactobacillus casei bacteria, Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), HPLC ICP-MS, functional food.

[Low zinc and high copper levels in mothers of children with isolated cleft lip and palate]. / Niskie stezenia cynku i wysokie stezenia miedzi w surowicy matek dzieci z izolowanym rozszczepem wargi i podniebienia.

UNLABELLED: Changes in orofacial development have been reported in offspring of animals treated with copper injections or low zinc diet during pregnancy. The aim of our study was to determine serum levels of zinc and copper in mothers of children with non-syndromic orofacial clefts and in women who gave birth to healthy children. Ninety six healthy women participated in the study: 35 mothers of children with cleft lip and cleft palate (CLP), 30 mothers of children with cleft palate (CP) and 31 control mothers of healthy children. Serum zinc and copper concentrations were determined by the use of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS: Between CLP and controls there were significant differences in mean zinc levels (511 +/- 121 microg/L vs 572 +/- 76 microg/L, p = 0.012) and copper levels (991 +/- 388 microg/L vs 810 +/- 201 microg/L, p = 0.02). In CP mean serum zinc and copper levels were 540 +/- 130 microg/L and 846 +/- 291 microg/L. The ratio of serum zinc to copper levels was significantly lower in CLP comparing to CP and controls (0.57 +/- 0.19 vs 0.67 +/- 0.18 and 0.74 +/- 0.19, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that trace elements may play a role in facial clefting in humans.