Intakes of omega-3 fatty acids and risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in people with diabetes: a cohort study based on NHANES 1999-2014.

AIMS: Intake of omega-3 fatty acids is associated with several health benefits, but the specific benefits in populations with diabetes have yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between intake of omega-3 fatty acids and mortality in people with diabetes. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study and included 4854 participants with diabetes (mean age, 57.92 years; 50.9% male) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2014). Eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid intake were used as alternative markers of omega-3 fatty acids intake and calculated based on the sum of the 24-h dietary recall interviews and dietary supplements. Mortality data were ascertained by linkage to National Death Index records by December 31, 2015. Cox proportional hazard models and restricted cubic spline were used to assess the relationship between EPA and DHA intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Statistical analyses were performed using R 4.2.0 software. RESULTS: Compared with participants with a lower EPA + DHA intake, participants who had a higher EPA + DHA intake tended to be Non-Hispanic Black; were more likely to be obese; and had higher daily energy intake and family income. During 34,386 person-years of follow-up, 1102 deaths were documented, including 266 cardiovascular disease deaths and 152 cancer deaths. In multivariable regression analyses with adjustment of confounding factors, higher EPA + DHA intake was significantly and linearly related to lower all-cause mortality: there was a 25% reduced risk of all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Higher omega-3 fatty acid intake was independently related to lower all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes, suggesting an adequate intake of omega-3 fatty acids may prevent premature death among the population with diabetes.

Analysis of treatment pathways for three chronic diseases using OMOP CDM.

The present study examined treatment pathways (the ordered sequence of medications that a patient is prescribed) for three chronic diseases (hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and depression), compared the pathways with recommendations from guidelines, discussed differences and standardization of medications in different medical institutions, explored population diversification and changes of clinical treatment, and provided clinical big data analysis-based data support for the development and study of drugs in China. In order to run the "Treatment Pathways in Chronic Disease" protocol in Chinese data sources,we have built a large data research and analysis platform for Chinese clinical medical data. Data sourced from the Clinical Data Repository (CDR) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University was extracted, transformed, and loaded into an observational medical outcomes partnership common data model (OMOP CDM) Ver. 5.0. Diagnosis and medication information for patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and depression from 2005 to 2015 were extracted for observational research to obtain treatment pathways for the three diseases. The most common medications used to treat diabetes and hypertension were metformin and acarbose, respectively, at 28.5 and 20.9% as first-line medication. New drugs were emerging for depression; therefore, the favorite medication changed accordingly. Most patients with these three diseases had different treatment pathways from other patients with the same diseases. The proportions of monotherapy increased for the three diseases, especially in recent years. The recommendations presented in guidelines show some predominance. High-quality, effective guidelines incorporating domestic facts should be established to further guide medication and improve therapy at local hospitals. Medical institutions at all levels could improve the quality of medical services, and further standardize medications in the future. This research is the first application of the CDM model and OHDSI software in China, which were used to study, treatment pathways for three chronic diseases (hypertension, type 2 diabetes and depression), compare the pathways with recommendations from guidelines, discuss differences and standardization of medications in different medical institutions, demonstrate the urgent need for quality national guidelines, explores population diversification and changes of clinical treatment, and provide clinical big data analysis-based data support for the development and study of drugs in China.

Screening of active compounds with myocardial protective effects from Tongmai Yangxin pill / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Based on cell model and HPLC-MS technology, to screen myocardial protection active compounds from traditional patent medicine Tongmai Yangxin pill (TMYXP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fractions of TMYXP were prepared by high performance liquid preparation technology. The cardioprotective effects of prepared fractions were tested on H2O2 oxidation-damaged H9c2 myocardiocytes. The active components were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. The possible active compounds were putatively identified by comparison of their MS ions and molecular weight with literatures.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ten TMYXP components presented significant myocardial protective activities, 5 of which were investigated and presented good dose-effect relationships. Their median effective concentrations (EC50) were respectively 11.66, 17.44, 13.10, 7.332, 15.15 μg/mL. Totally, 11 potential active compounds were analyzed and identified, including Glycyrrhizic acid, Glycycoumarin, Licoisoflavone, Ophiopogonin D', Licoricon, Gancaonin L, Neoglycyrol, Emodin, Angeloylgomisin H, Angeloylgomisin Q and Glyasperin A.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The myocardial protection active compounds of TMYXP were screened successfully.</p>

Evolution, characteristics and enlightenment of self-innovation of traditional Chinese medicine industry / 中国中药杂志

Traditional Chinese medicine industry is China's strategic emerging industry with great potential for self-innovation. Traditional Chinese medicine industry has successively experienced four stages which are the foundation (laying stage), the core status (establishing stage), the modern system (exploring stage), and the modernization system (constructing stage). Throughout the evolution of the self-innovation in traditional Chinese medicine industry, it presents distinct characteristics which we can explore the beneficial enlightenment.

Si-jun-zi decoction treatment promotes the restoration of intestinal function after obstruction by regulating intestinal homeostasis.

Intestinal obstruction is a common disease requiring abdominal surgery with significant morbidity and mortality. Currently, an effective medical treatment for obstruction, other than surgical resection or decompression, does not exist. Si-Jun-Zi Decoction is a famous Chinese medicine used to replenish qi and invigorate the functions of the spleen. Modern pharmacological studies show that this prescription can improve gastrointestinal function and strengthen immune function. In this study, we investigated the effects of a famous Chinese herbal formula, Si-Jun-Zi Decoction, on the restoration of intestinal function after the relief of obstruction in a rabbit model. We found that Si-Jun-Zi Decoction could reduce intestinal mucosal injury while promoting the recovery of the small intestine. Further, Si-Jun-Zi Decoction could regulate the intestinal immune system. Our results suggest that Si-Jun-Zi Decoction promotes the restoration of intestinal function after obstruction by regulating intestinal homeostasis. Our observations indicate that Si-Jun-Zi Decoction is potentially a therapeutic drug for intestinal obstruction.