Tomato powder is more effective than lycopene to alleviate exercise-induced lipid peroxidation in well-trained male athletes: randomized, double-blinded cross-over study.

BACKGROUND: Consumption of nutritional supplements to optimize recovery is gaining popularity among athletes. Tomatoes contain micronutrients and various bioactive components with antioxidant properties. Many of the health benefits of tomatoes have been attributed to lycopene encouraging athletes to consume pure lycopene supplements. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of tomato powder and lycopene supplement on lipid peroxidation induced by exhaustive exercise in well-trained male athletes. METHODS: Eleven well-trained male athletes participated in a randomized, double-blinded, crossover study. Each subject underwent three exhaustive exercise tests after 1-week supplementation of tomato powder (each serving contained 30 mg lycopene, 5.38 mg beta-carotene, 22.32 mg phytoene, 9.84 mg phytofluene), manufactured lycopene supplement (30 mg lycopene), or placebo. Three blood samples (baseline, post-ingestion and post-exercise) were collected to assess total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC) and variables of lipid peroxidation including malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-isoprostane. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures of ANOVA at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Tomato powder enhanced total antioxidant capacity (12% increase, P = 0.04). Exhaustive exercise, regardless of supplement/ placebo, elevated MDA and 8-isoprostane levels (P < 0.001). The elevation of 8-isoprostane following exhaustive exercise was lower in the tomato powder treatment compared to the placebo (9% versus 24%, p = 0.01). Furthermore, following exhaustive exercise MDA elevated to a lower extent in tomatoe powder treatment compared to the placebo (20% versus 51%, p = 0.009). However, such differences were not indicated between lycopene and placebo treatments (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Beneficial effects of tomato powder on antioxidant capacity and exercise-induced lipid peroxidation may be brought about by a synergistic interaction of lycopene with other bioactive nutrients rather than single lycopene.

The Therapeutic Effect of Ge-Gen Decoction on a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea: Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics and Bioinformatic Analyses.

Ge-Gen decoction (GGD) is widely used for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea (PD) in China. However, the mechanisms that underlie this effect are unclear. We investigated the protective mechanism of GGD in a rat model of PD using label-free quantitative proteomics. The model was established by the administration of estradiol benzoate and oxytocin. Thirty rats were divided into three groups (ten rats/group): a control group (normal rats), a model group (PD rats), and a treatment group (PD rats treated with GGD). The serum levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) were measured by ELISA. Nanohigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nano-HPLC-MS/MS) was used to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), and bioinformatics was used to investigate the protein function. Proteomic data were validated by western blot analysis. Oxytocin-induced writhing responses and abnormal serum levels of PGE2 and PGF2α were reversed following the administration of GGD. A total of 379 DEPs were identified; 276 were identified between the control group and the model group, 144 were identified between the model group and the treatment group, and 41 were identified as DEPs that were common to all groups. Bioinformatics revealed that the DEPs between the control group and the model group were mainly associated with cellular component biogenesis and binding processes. The DEPs between the model group and the treatment group were mainly involved in the protein binding and metabolic process. The expression levels of HSP90AB1 and the phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK, and P-p38 in the uteri of rats in the three groups were consistent with the proteomic findings; MAP kinases (ERK, JNK, and p38) are known to be involved in the production of inflammatory cytokines and oxytocin signaling while HSP90AB1 is known to be associated with estrogen signaling. Collectively, these data indicate that GGD may exert its protective function on PD by regulating the inflammatory response and signaling pathways associated with oxytocin and estrogen.

Intradermal acupuncture for primary dysmenorrhea: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is one of the common gynecological diseases, the incidence of PD is on the rise and young women are more likely to have it, which seriously affects women's physical, mental health and work life. Intradermal acupuncture is effective in treating PD. However, due to the lack of evidence, there is no specific method or suggestion, so it is necessary to carry out systematic evaluation on intradermal acupuncture and provide effective evidence for further research. METHODS: We will search the following electronic databases from their inception to July 2020: Electronic database includes PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Database WangFang, VIP medicine information, and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure). Primary outcomes: the overall effective rate, VAS score. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: blood serum estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), prostaglandin F2α (PGF-2α), adverse events Data will be extracted by 2 researchers independently, risk of bias of the meta-analysis will be evaluated based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. All data analysis will be conducted by data statistics software Review Manager V.5.3. and Stata V.12.0. RESULTS: The results of this study will systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intradermal acupuncture in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. CONCLUSION: The systematic review of this study will summarize the currently published evidence of intradermal acupuncture therapy for primary dysmenorrhea to further guide its promotion and application.

Long term dietary supplementation with microalgae increases plasma docosahexaenoic acid in milk and plasma but does not affect plasma 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2α concentration in dairy cows.

The aims of the study were to determine the long-term effects of dietary supplementation with microalgae (SCIM) on milk and blood fatty acid (FA) composition and reproductive hormones in early lactation dairy cows. Sixty Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (30 per treatment) were unsupplemented (Control) or supplemented with 100 g of SCIM (Schizochytrium limacinum sp.) per cow per day from 25 ± 0.5 d post-partum for 98 d. Intake and milk yield were recorded daily, with milk samples collected at weeks 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 14, and blood samples collected from 12 representative pairs per treatment at weeks 0, 2, 4, 8, and 14 for subsequent analysis of FA, ß-hydroxybutyrate, non-esterified fatty acids and glucose. At 33 ± 0.9 d postpartum the oestrus cycle of 24 cows (12 per treatment) were synchronized and plasma 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2α (PGFM) concentrations determined following an oxytocin challenge. Data were analysed by repeated measures analysis of variance. There was no effect of treatment on dry matter intake, milk yield or milk fat content, with mean values across treatments of 22.1 and 40.6, and 37.2 g/kg respectively. Milk fat concentration of C22:6 n-3 increased rapidly in cows receiving SCIM, reaching a maximum of 0.38 g/100 g FA by week 14. Similarly, blood concentration of C22:6 n-3 increased to 1.6 g/100 g FA by week 14 in cows fed SCIM. There was no effect of treatment on plasma metabolites, but plasma glucose was lower in cows fed SCIM compared to the Control at week 2, and higher in week 8. There was no effect of treatment on peak plasma PGFM concentration or area under the curve. It is concluded that feeding SCIM rapidly increases blood and milk concentrations of C22:6 n-3 which are maintained over time, but does not improve plasma PGFM in dairy cows.

Oxidative and inflammatory effects of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with bronchiectasis. A prospective, randomized study.

INTRODUCTION: Background: systemic inflammation and oxidative stress are important factors in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is recommended for bronchiectasis, but there is no data about its effect on the inflammatory and REDOX status of these patients. Aims: to investigate the effect of PR in non-cystic-fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) patients, and to compare it with the effect of PR plus a hyperproteic oral nutritional supplement (PRS) enriched with beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on serum inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers. Materials and methods: this was an open randomized, controlled trial. Thirty individuals (65 years old or younger with a body mass index over 18.5, older than 65 years with a body mass index over 20) were recruited from September 2013 to September 2014, and randomly assigned to receive PR or PRS. Total neutrophils, and inflammatory and oxidative biomarker levels were measured at baseline, and then at 3 and 6 months. Results: in the PRS group neutrophil levels were decreased from baseline at 6 months. A significantly different fold change was found between the PR and PRS groups. In the PR group, IL-6 and adiponectin were increased by the end of the study while TNFα levels were decreased from baseline at 6 months. REDOX biomarkers remained stable throughout the study except for 8-isoprostane levels, which were increased from baseline at 6 months in both groups of patients. Conclusions: a PR program induced a pro-oxidative effect accompanied by changes in circulating inflammatory cytokine levels in NCFB patients. Our results would also suggest a possible beneficial effect of the HMB enriched supplement on neutrophil level regulation in these patients. The information provided in this study could be useful for choosing the right therapeutic approach in the management of bronchiectasis.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: la inflamación sistémica y el estrés oxidativo son factores importantes en la patogénesis de la bronquiectasia. La rehabilitación pulmonar (PR) está recomendada en los sujetos con bronquiectasias, pero no hay datos sobre sus posibles efectos sobre el estado inflamatorio y REDOX de estos pacientes. Objetivos: investigar el efecto de la PR en pacientes con bronquiectasias no asociadas a fibrosis quística (NCFB) sobre los biomarcadores oxidativos e inflamatorios, y compararlo con los efectos de la PR junto con la suplementación oral de un suplemento hiperproteico (PRS) enriquecido con beta-hidroxi-beta-metilbutirato (HMB). Material y métodos: ensayo clínico abierto, aleatorizado y controlado. Treinta pacientes (de 65 años o menos con un índice de masa corporal por encima de 18,5, y mayores de 65 años con un índice de masa corporal de más de 20) se aleatorizaron para recibir PR o PRS. Los niveles circulantes de neutrófilos totales y los de biomarcadores de estado inflamatorio y oxidativo se determinaron al inicio del estudio y a los 3 y 6 meses. Resultados: los niveles de neutrófilos en el grupo de PRS se redujeron desde el inicio a los 6 meses, presentando una tasa de cambio significativamente diferente según el tratamiento. En el grupo de PR, la IL-6 y la adiponectina aumentaron al final del estudio, mientras que los niveles de TNFα disminuyeron desde el inicio a los 6 meses. Los biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo se mantuvieron estables durante todo el estudio excepto por los niveles de 8-isoprostano, que aumentaron desde el inicio a los 6 meses en ambos grupos de pacientes. Conclusión: el programa de PR indujo un efecto pro-oxidativo acompañado de cambios en los niveles de citoquinas inflamatorias circulantes en pacientes con NCFB. Nuestros resultados también sugieren un posible efecto beneficioso del suplemento nutricional sobre la regulación de los niveles de neutrófilos de estos pacientes.

Effect of n-3 PUFA-rich fish oil supplementation during late gestation on kidding, uterine involution and resumption of follicular activity in goat.

We have shown that dietary supplementation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA)-rich fish oil (FO) around the breeding time improved the utero-ovarian functions in the goat. Here, we investigated the effect of FO supplementation during the periparturient period on serum n-3 PUFA, prostaglandin F2α metabolite (PGFM), placental expulsion, uterine involution, resumption of oestrus and neonatal vigour. Rohilkhandi goat in advanced gestation (n = 16) was divided into two equal groups. One group was supplemented with FO containing 26% n-3 long-chain PUFA at the rate of 156 mg per kg body weight, while the control group was fed isocaloric palm oil (PO) from -3 to +3 week of kidding. Dietary FO increased serum concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by 7.3- and 6.6-fold, respectively, after 6 weeks of supplementation. Goats in FO group expelled the foetal membranes 99.1 min earlier (p < .01) than those of PO group. Further, dietary FO significantly decreased the serum PGFM on day 7 post-partum. However, no difference was found on uterine involution, which was complete by day 20 post-partum in either group. Resumption of follicular activity by day 5 post-partum was 87.5% in the FO as compared to 25% in the PO group (p < .05). Similarly, occurrence of behavioural oestrus by day 90 post-partum was 57.1% in goats of the FO group while none of does was in the PO group (p < .01) expressed oestrus. It was concluded that feeding FO-rich diet during -3 to +3 weeks of kidding decreased the PGFM till day 7 post-partum, hastened the expulsion of foetal membranes and reduced the time from kidding to first post-partum oestrus in Rohilkhandi does.

Cashew apple juice supplementation enhances leukocyte count by reducing oxidative stress after high-intensity exercise in trained and untrained men.

BACKGROUND: Cashew apple juice (CAJ) was shown to improve immunological mechanisms by regulating a balance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant concentrations. However, no study exploring the effects of the CAJ and training status on the immune system and oxidative stress induced by exercise. Therefore, we investigated the effects of CAJ supplementation primarily on leukocyte counts and secondary on oxidative stress and cortisol changes after high-intensity exercise in trained and untrained men. METHODS: Ten moderately (endurance) trained (Age = 21.5 ± 0.97 yr., VO2max = 45.6 ± 4.12 mL/kgBM/min) and ten sedentary men (Age = 20.4 ± 2.72 yr., VO2peak = 32.2 ± 7.26 mL/kgBM/min) were randomized to ingest either daily CAJ or a placebo at 3.5 mL/kgBM/day for 4 weeks, with a four-week washout period. Before and after each period, they performed 20-min, high-intensity cycling (85% VO2max), with blood samples collected immediately preceding and the following exercise. Samples were analyzed to determine leukocyte counts, malondialdehyde, 8-isoprostane, and cortisol concentrations. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine the effects of supplement and training status over time with an alpha level of 0.05. RESULTS: There was no interaction between supplement and training status on those variables before and after exercise. However, CAJ raised resting neutrophil counts and exercise-induced leukocyte counts in the trained group (all p < 0.05). Besides, CAJ significantly reduced plasma malondialdehyde concentrations at rest and after exercise and reduced the post-exercise plasma 8-isoprostane concentration in both groups of subjects (p < 0.05). Moreover, CAJ reduced plasma cortisol after exercise in the untrained subjects. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that 4-week CAJ supplementation can enhance exercise-induced leukocyte and resting neutrophil counts in trained men. The possible mechanism is a reduction in oxidative stress. However, the supplementation did not change the immune responses of untrained men, but it did reduce stress hormone concentrations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: TCTR20181127002 Registered 26 November 2018 "retrospectively registered".

Acute dietary nitrate does not reduce resting metabolic rate or oxidative stress marker 8-isoprostane in healthy males and females.

To investigate changes in resting metabolic rate and 8-isoprostane, an oxidative stress biomarker, following acute dietary nitrate supplementation in healthy males and females. In a randomised, double-blind, cross-over study, 10 males and seven females (age range 19-25 years) underwent protocol familiarisation (visit 1), baseline assessments (visits 2 and 4) and assessments following supplementation, placebo or 6.2 mmol nitrate, 2 hours prior to visits 3 and 5. Participants completed a 30-minute RMR test with visits 2 and 3 on consecutive days, separated by a week-long washout period concluding with visits 4 and 5 on consecutive days. Plasma nitrate/nitrite (NOx) significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) following dietary nitrate consumption compared to baseline values. No significant effect on resting metabolism (p = 0.194) or 8-isoprostane (p = 0.660) was observed following dietary nitrate supplementation. Dietary nitrate increases NO bioavailability, but acute supplementation does not effect resting metabolism or 8-isoprostane in healthy males and females.

Mammary cancer risk and serum lipid profile of rats supplemented with pomegranate seed oil and bitter melon extract.

The objective of the present study was to determine the influence of dietary supplementation with pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and/or an aqueous extract of dried bitter melon fruits (BME) on breast cancer risk and fatty acid profile in serum of female rats with chemical carcinogen-inflicted mammary tumours. Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 96) were fed control diet or experimental diets supplemented with 0.15 ml PSO/day, BME or jointly PSO and BME. After 21 weeks mammary tumours were subjected to histopathological examination and in serum fatty acids, 8-isoprostaglandin F2α content and indices of desaturases activity were analysed. Supplementation of the diet with PSO and BME did not inhibit the breast cancer formation. Conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA), present in PSO, were converted into cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), however, its content was lower in groups treated with a carcinogen. A similar tendency was observed for the content of SFA, MUFA, PUFA, 8-iso PGF2α and the activity of Δ6-desaturase. Enhanced pro-carcinogenic effect of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), caused by applied supplements, may be a result of their influence on DMBA metabolism.

Effect of combined vitamin D administration plus dietary intervention on oxidative stress markers in patients with metabolic syndrome: A pilot randomized study.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients can have low 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH)VitD levels, which may be associated with increased oxidative stress. There is little data on the effect of 25(OH)VitD administration plus dietary intervention on oxidative stress markers in these patients. AIM: To study the effect of 25(OH)VitD administration plus dietary intervention on oxidative stress markers in MetS patients. METHODS: This is a pre-specified analysis of a previously published study (NCT01237769 ClinicalTrials.gov). MetS participants (n = 50, 52 ± 10 years) were given dietary instructions and were randomized to 25(OH)VitD 2.000 IU/day p.o. (Suppl group) or no supplementation (No-Suppl group). Serum 25(OH)VitD, oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), paraoxonase activity (PON-1), arylesterase activity (ARYL) and urine 8-isoprostane (8-iso-PGF2a) levels were measured at baseline and after 3 months. RESULTS: MetS patients had low baseline 25(OH)VitD levels, which increased by 90% in the Suppl group [from 16.1 (3.3-35.1) to 30.6 (8.4-67.6) ng/mL, p = 0.001] and by 33.3% in the No-Suppl group [from 9.9 (4.0-39.6) to 13.2 (3.5-36.8) ng/mL, p = NS] after intervention. Ox-LDL, PON-1 and ARYL did not change significantly at follow-up in both groups, except for urine 8-iso-PGF2a levels that decreased by 22.7% in the Suppl group [from 48.8 (26.8-137.1) to 37.7 (12.3-99.0) ng/mmol creatinine, p = 0.015] and by 14.4% in No-Suppl group [from 45.8 (16.6-99.3) to 39.2 (13.3-120.1) ng/mmol creatinine, p = NS]. The reduction in 8-iso-PGF2a levels did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: The administration of 25(OH)VitD plus dietary intervention in patients with MetS was not associated with meaningful reductions in oxidative stress markers compared with dietary intervention alone.

The improvement of oxidative stress by two proprietary herbal medicines in type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact to oxidative stress, atherosclerosis and macrovascular disease by two proprietary herbal medicines including Ginkgo Leaf Tablets and Liuwei Dihuang Pills in type 2 diabetes. METHODS: The recruited 140 type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group which were both received basic diabetic management including anti-hyperglycemia, anti-hypertension, life style adjustment and health education etc. Additionally, the treatment group was given both Ginkgo Leaf Tablets and Liuwei Dihuang Pills while the control group was given placebos of Ginkgo Leaf Tablets and Liuwei Dihuang Pills. The relative clinical indexes about macrovascular events occurrence, atherosclerosis degree(IMT levels), oxidative stress in vivo(plasma carboxymethyl lysine(CML) and 8-isoprostane(8-IsoP) levels), plasma glucose, plasma lipid, blood pressure, other drugs usage situations and so on of two groups before and after consecutive 36-month treatment were accurately collected and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, IMT levels, plasma CML and 8-IsoP levels between the two groups before treatment. After 36-month treatment, the plasma CML and 8-IsoP levels of treatment group were both significantly lower than control group (CML: 312.4 ± 90.4 ng/ml versus 463.5 ± 97.2 ng/ml, P < 0.0001; 8-IsoP: 23.7 ± 9.5 pg/ml versus 62.6 ± 16.1 pg/ml, P < 0.0001) although this improvement was not shared with IMT and macrovascular events. CONCLUSION: Ginkgo Leaf Tablets and Liuwei Dihuang Pills are beneficial to oxidative stress which plays important role in diabetic atherosclerosis and macrovascular complications. The preventive and therapeutic values of herbal medicines will be proved in further diabetic complication researches.

[Effects of sleep deprivation induced blood stasis syndrome on platelet activation in rats].

Blood stasis syndrome is the pre-state of thrombotic disease. The model of blood stasis syndrome in rats was induced by sleep deprivation to study on effects of blood stasis syndrome on platelet activation. The weight, the color of tongue and hemorheology for the blood stasis syndrome of Chinese medicine were measured after modeling. The release of platelet granules and platelet activation factors in plasma were detected by ELISA kit related indicators to provide experimental basis for platelet function evaluation and related drug effects in syndrome research. The results showed that the weight of the model group rats was significantly lower than that of the normal group (P<0.01). The tongue showed a dark purple blood stasis pattern, and the R, G and B values of the tongue surface in model group were significantly lower than those of the normal group (P<0.01). The hemorheological parameters including high shear, middle shear and low shear viscosity in whole blood were significantly higher than those in the normal group (P<0.01). But plasma viscosity did not change significantly. The release levels of platelet α particles (GMP-140, ß-TG, PF4) and dense particles (ADP, 5-HT) were significantly higher than those in the normal group (P<0.01). The levels of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1α in plasma were significantly higher than those in the normal group (P<0.01). The ratios of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF2α were also significantly higher than those in the normal group (P<0.01). The levels of PAF in plasma in model group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (P<0.01). It was concluded that platelet functions could be changed induced by sleep deprivationin rats with blood stasis syndrome, and there might be inflammation and endothelial cell dysfunction.

Effects of altering the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acids on spontaneous luteolysis in lactating dairy cows.

Objectives were to evaluate the effects of altering the dietary ratio of omega-6 (n-6) to omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids on the profile of fatty acids and expression of genes related to the prostaglandin biosynthesis on endometrial tissue, uterine secretion of PGF2α, and timing of spontaneous luteolysis in dairy cows. Multiparous lactating Holstein cows (n = 45) were blocked based on milk yield and, within each block, assigned randomly to 1 of 3 dietary treatments at 14 d postpartum for 90 d. Diets were supplemented with a mixture of Ca salts of fish, safflower, and palm oils to create 3 different ratios of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids, namely R4, R5, and R6, which resulted in 3.9, 4.9, and 5.9 parts of n-6 to 1 part of n-3 fatty acids, respectively. Blood was sampled every 2 h from d 16 to 23 of the estrous cycle and assayed for concentrations of progesterone and the PGF2α metabolite 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α (PGFM). In a subsequent estrous cycle, endometrial tissue was collected for biopsy on d 8 and endometrial fatty acids profile and gene expression were quantified. The proportion of arachidonic acid of the endometrial fatty acids increased as the dietary ratio n-6 to n-3 fatty acids increased (R4 = 9.05, R5 = 11.64, and R6 = 13.41%). On the other hand, proportions of eicosapentaenoic (R4 = 2.85, R5 = 2.14, and R6 = 2.02%) and docosahexaenoic (R4 = 3.30, R5 = 1.57, and R6 = 1.08%) decreased as the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids in the diet increased. Increasing the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acids increased mRNA expression of estrogen receptor 1, oxytocin receptor, cyclooxygenase 2, prostaglandin E and F synthases, and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in endometrium, but decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and insulin-like growth factor-1. The changes in endometrium gene expression caused by dietary treatments were associated with changes in the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids in the endometrium. As the ratio increased from R4 to R6, the number of PGFM pulses (R4 = 5.6, R5 = 4.3, and R6 = 3.8 ± 0.6 pulses; least squares means ± standard error of the means) decreased, but the amplitude of the greatest PGFM pulse increased (R4 = 226, R5 = 267, and R6 = 369 ± 38 pg/mL). Luteolysis by d 23 of the estrous cycle was observed in 79.6% of the cows (R4 = 11/14; R5 = 13/15; and R6 = 11/15) and day of spontaneous luteolysis did not differ among treatments (R4 = 20.8; R5 = 21.1; and R6 = 21.0 ± 0.4). Three pulses of PGFM was the best predictor of luteolysis in dairy cows. Collectively, supplying the same quantity of fatty acids in the diet of lactating dairy cows, but altering the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids, influenced the endometrial fatty acids profile and gene expression and altered the pattern of prostaglandin synthesis; however, the changes were not sufficient to alter the length of the estrous cycle.

[Effects of Gui Zhi Fu Ling Jiao Nang on Hemorheology and Expression of Phenotypic Proteins in Uterine Smooth Muscle Cells in Rats with An Intrauterine Device].

Objective To observe the effect of Gui Zhi Fu Ling Jiao Nang (GZFLJN) on the expressions of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in uterine vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) of rat models with an intrauterine device (IUD) and to determine the thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α) levels in peripheral blood. Methods Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups:normal group (n=16,with normal breed without treatment),model group (n=18,drenching 0.9% normal saline after modeling of IUD),GZFLJN group (n=18),and aminocaproic acid tablets group (n=17). Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expressions of α-SMA and PCNA in uterine VSMC.ELISA was served to detect the levels of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1α in peripheral blood. Results The positive rate of α-SMA were (50.89±9.41)%,(26.93±6.80)%,(48.92±6.80)%,and (34.63±7.26)%,respectively,in normal group,model group,GZFLJN group,and aminocaproic acid tablets group;obviously,it was significantly higher in normal group (t=14.43,P=0.00) and GZFLJN group (t=11.37,P=0.00) than that in model group and it was significantly lower in aminocaproic acid tablets group than in normal group (t=9.96,P=0.00) and GZFLJN group (t=8.23,P=0.00). The positive rate of PCNA were (25.66±7.24)%,(61.26±9.98)%,(28.36±9.17)%,and (50.23±8.71)%,respectively,in these four groups;obviously,it was significantly lower in the normal group (t=20.86,P=0.00) and GZFLJN group (t=19.12,P=0.00) than in model group and it was significantly higher in aminocaproic acid tablets group than in normal group (t=17.82,P=0.00) and GZFLJN group (t=16.05,P=0.00). Serum TXB2 level in these four groups were (445.86±24.43),(508.78±12.42),(448.11±9.63),and (498.11±13.63)ng/L;obviously,it was significantly higher in model group than in normal group (t=16.55,P=0.00) and aminocaproic acid tablets group (t=-4.12,P=0.00) and it was significantly lower in GZFLJN group than in model group (t=-15.23,P=0.00) and aminocaproic acid tablets group (t=-12.08,P=0.00). Serum 6-keto-PGF1α level in these four groups were (23.17±1.93),(18.09±0.93),(22.70±1.61),and (20.70±1.41)ng/L,respectively;obviously,it was significantly lower in model group than in normal group (t=-13.98,P=0.00) and aminocaproic acid tablets group (t=5.26,P=0.00) and it was significantly higher in GZFLJN group than in model group (t=11.43,P=0.00) and aminocaproic acid tablets group (t=8.76,P=0.00). Conclusion GZFLJN can regulate the expressions of α-SMA and PCNA of VSMC in the endometrium of IUD rats and the concentrations of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1α in the serum.

Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on serum values of adiponectin, leptin, 8-isoprostane and malondialdehyde in women with type 2 diabetes.

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been known to be suffering from coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency which results in some complications in them. The purpose of this clinical trial study was to evaluate the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on serum values of adiponectin (A), leptin (L), 8-isoprostane, malondialdehyde (MDA), the A/L ratio in women with T2DM. Sixty-eight women with T2DM were enrolled in the current study and were randomly divided into drug (n = 34) and placebo (n = 34) groups who were consuming 100 mg CoQ10 and 100 mg cellulose acetate per day for 12 weeks, respectively. Measurements were performed at the beginning and after the intervention. Serum values of adiponectin (p = .001) and the A/L ratio (p = .001) were increased while values of leptin (p = .041), MDA (p = .023), 8-isoprostane (p = .004) were decreased significantly in drug group after intervention. This study had shown that CoQ10 supplementation in women with T2DM was effective in elevation of adiponectin and the A/L ratio and reduction of leptin, MDA and 8-isoprostane which could result in improving insulin resistance and modulating oxidative stress situation.

Strategies to decrease oxidative stress biomarker levels in human medical conditions: A meta-analysis on 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α.

The widespread detection of elevated oxidative stress levels in many medical conditions has led to numerous efforts to design interventions to reduce its effects. Efforts have been wide-ranging, from dietary changes to administration of antioxidants, supplements, e.g., omega-3-fatty acids, and many medications. However, there is still no systemic assessment of the efficacy of treatments for oxidative stress reduction across a variety of medical conditions. The goal of this meta-analysis is, by combining multiple studies, to quantitate the change in the levels of the popular oxidative stress biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) after a variety of treatment strategies in human populations. Nearly 350 unique publications with 180 distinct strategies were included in the analysis. For each strategy, the difference between pre- or placebo and post-treatment levels calculated using Hedges' g value of effect. In general, administration of antibiotics, antihyperlipidemic agents, or changes in lifestyle (g = - 0.63, - 0.54, and 0.56) had the largest effect. Administration of supplements, antioxidants, or changes in diet (g = - 0.09, - 0.28, - 0.12) had small quantitative effects. To fully interpret the effectiveness of these treatments, comparisons to the increase in g value for each medical condition is required. For example, antioxidants in populations with coronary artery disease (CAD) reduce the 8-iso-PGF2α levels by g = - 0.34 ±â€¯0.1, which is quantitatively considered a small effect. However, CAD populations, in comparison to healthy populations, have an increase in 8-iso-PGF2α levels by g = 0.38 ±â€¯0.04; therefore, the overall reduction of 8-iso-PGF2α levels is ≈ 90% by this treatment in this specific medical condition. In conclusion, 8-iso-PGF2α levels can be reduced not only by antioxidants but by many other strategies. Not all strategies are equally effective at reducing 8-iso-PGF2α levels. In addition, the effectiveness of any strategy can be assessed only in relation to the medical condition investigated.

In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Activities of the Flowers and Leaves from Paeonia rockii and Identification of Their Antioxidant Constituents by UHPLC-ESI-HRMSn via Pre-Column DPPH Reaction.

The genus Paeonia, also known as the "King of Flowers" in China, is an important source of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Plants of this genus have been used to treat a range of cardiovascular and gynecological diseases. However, the potential pharmacological activity of one particular species, Paeonia rockii, has not been fully investigated. In the first part of the present study, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS), reducing power assays, and metal ion chelating assays were used to investigate the in vitro antioxidant activities of Paeonia rockii. In the second portion of the study, a mouse model of d-galactose-induced aging was used to validate the antioxidant effects of the flowers from Paeonia rockii in vivo. Lastly, potential antioxidant constituents were screened and identified by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-HRMSn) combined with the DPPH assay. Results indicated that the flowers and leaves exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than ascorbic acid in vitro. The therapeutic effect of Paeoniarockii was determined in relation to the levels of biochemical indicators, such as 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso PGF2α) in the serum, superoxide dismutase (SOD), protein carbonyl, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) in the liver and brain, after daily intra-gastric administration of different concentrations of extracts (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) for three weeks. The levels of 8-iso PGF2α (p < 0.01) and protein carbonyl groups (p < 0.01) were significantly reduced, whereas those of SOD (p < 0.05) had significantly increased, indicating that components of the flowers of Paeonia rockii had favorable antioxidant activities in vivo. Furthermore, UHPLC-ESI-HRMSn, combined with pre-column DPPH reaction, detected 25 potential antioxidant compounds. Of these, 18 compounds were tentatively identified, including 11 flavonoids, four phenolic acids, two tannins, and one monoterpene glycoside. This study concluded that the leaves and flowers from Paeonia rockii possess excellent antioxidant properties, highlighting their candidacy as "new" antioxidants, which can be utilized therapeutically to protect the body from diseases caused by oxidative stress.

Effect of dietary supplementation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) rich fish oil on reproductive performance of the goat (Capra hircus).

Dietary supplementation of n-3 PUFA decreases the luteolytic PGF2α and improves the pregnancy rate in the dairy cow. However, its effect in the goat is not known. Accordingly, we studied the effect of supplementation of n-3 PUFA rich Fish oil (FO) on different reproductive events in the goat. Cycling goats (n = 30) were divided into two equal groups and fed an isocaloric and isonitrogenous diet supplemented with either FO (TRT; n = 15) or palm oil (PO) (CON; n = 15) @ 0.6 mL/kg body weight for 72 days during the breeding season. Estrus synchronization was done on day 25 and 36 of supplementation using two PG regimen and the goats in estrus were bred. Mean interval from PGF2α administration to the onset of estrus was 12 h longer (P < 0.05) in the TRT group than that of CON. The number of preovulatory follicles (POF) and ovulation rate was significantly higher in FO supplemented goats (P < 0.05) by 39.64 and 41.35%, respectively. Though the corpus luteum diameter was significantly higher (P < 0.05) on day 5, 8 and 11 post-breeding in the TRT group, mean serum progesterone (P4) did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). Mean concentration of serum estradiol (E2) was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in the FO supplemented group during day 0-60 post-breeding which could be due to significantly low serum cholesterol (P < 0.01). Though the serum concentration of PGF2α metabolite (PGFM) and PGE2 metabolite (PGEM) in the pregnant goats was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the TRT group on day 16 and 17 post-breeding, the ratio of PGEM to PGFM remained unaffected suggesting a favourable effect of FO supplementation on the early pregnancy. The number of embryos, twinning rate and kidding rate were high in FO supplemented group though it was non-significant. However, gestation length, birth weight of kids and neonatal behaviour were comparable between the groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of n-3 PUFA rich FO significantly increased the number of POF and ovulation rate with numerical increase in the kidding rate. Further, it decreased the serum E2 and PGFM during the critical window of pregnancy recognition in the doe.

Supplemental Parenteral Vitamin E Into Conventional Soybean Lipid Emulsion Does Not Prevent Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Liver Disease in Full-Term Neonatal Piglets.

BACKGROUND: Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) continues to cause morbidity and mortality for neonates with intestinal failure. Lipid peroxidation is one potential etiological factor. This study was designed to test if supplementing vitamin E into conventional soy-based lipid would reduce the risk of PNALD. METHODS: Sixteen piglets, aged 2-5 days and weighing 1.8-2.5 kg, were randomized to parenteral nutrition (PN) with soy lipid (SO, n = 8) or the same lipid plus α-tocopherol, the most bioactive form of vitamin E (SO+E, n = 8). After 17 days, bile flow, liver chemistry, gene expression associated with bile acid metabolism, and bile acid composition were assessed. C-reactive protein (CRP) and oxidative stress markers, including plasma 8-isoprostane, were measured. All results were compared with a sow-reared control group (CON). RESULTS: Comparing PN-treated groups, SO vs SO+E mean bile flow (5.91 vs 5.54 µL/g liver; P = .83), serum bile acid concentration (39.2 vs 26.6 µmol/L; P = .12), and total bilirubin (35.2 vs 26.9 µmol/L; P = .56) were not different. Gene expression related to bile acid metabolism and bile composition was not different between PN groups. There was no difference in CRP (41.8 vs 36.8 µg/mL; P = .22) or in plasma 8-isoprostane (27.9 vs 26.1 pg/mL; P = .77). CONCLUSIONS: In term neonatal piglets, supplemental vitamin E did not prevent cholestasis. Additional vitamin E was not associated with reduced inflammation or oxidative stress. The benefit of supplementing vitamin E into conventional lipid, vs adding fish oil, to prevent early onset of PNALD requires further clarification.

The interaction between ApoA2 -265T>C polymorphism and dietary fatty acids intake on oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

INTRODUCTION: Apolipoprotein A2 (APOA2) -265T>C polymorphism has been studied in relation to oxidative stress and various dietary fatty acids. Since the interaction between APOA2 polymorphism and dietary fatty acids on oxidative stress has not yet discussed, we aimed to investigate the interaction on oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. METHODS: The subjects were 180 T2DM patients with known APOA2 genotype, either TT, TC or CC. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was determined by colorimetric method. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and serum level of 8-isoprostane F2α were measured by spectrophotometry and ELISA, respectively. Dietary intake was collected through a food frequency questionnaire. Based on the median intake, fatty acids intake was dichotomized into high or low groups. The interaction between APOA2 polymorphism and dietary fatty acids intake was analyzed by ANCOVA multivariate interaction model. RESULTS: Higher than median intake of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) was associated with increased serum level of 8-isoprostane F2α in subjects with TT/TC genotype (p = 0.004), and higher than median intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) was associated with increased serum SOD activity in CC genotype (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant interaction between APOA2 polymorphism and n-6 PUFA intake on 8-isoprostane F2α concentration as well as n-3 PUFA intake on serum SOD activity (p-interaction = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The current study shows the interaction between APOA2 polymorphism and dietary fatty acids intake on oxidative stress. More investigations on different populations are required to confirm the interaction.