ABSTRACT
O livro Ciência da Palhaçaria: estudos teóricos e práticas em saúde mental aborda no campo da saúde possibilidades de pensar cientificamente a arteterapia, principalmente da palhaçaria. O nariz vermelho do palhaço simboliza o potencial aplicado da arte na saúde mental. Deste modo, apresentamos vários trabalho sob a luz da ciência, para que mais pessoas pudessem conhecer essa experiência e receber este cuidado em saúde como fundamentação para novas práticas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Complementary Therapeutic Methods , Medicine in the ArtsABSTRACT
O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar e compreender fenomenologicamente, por meio de relato de Psicólogos de Esporte (PE) e de Coaches, em sua vivência prática, como ocorrem os processos reflexivos em sua atuação, conforme apreendidos a partir de relatos de experiências. O método de investigação escolhido foi a fenomenologia, pois oferece os recursos necessários para tal mergulho junto à experiência reflexiva. A amostra intencional foi delineada por PE e Coaches (profissionais de Educação Física que recorrem ao Coaching) em atividade em esportes de alto rendimento, que tenham atuado ou estejam atuando em modalidades esportivas coletivas e/ou individuais. Realizaram-se nove entrevistas (cinco com PE, quatro com Coaches). O acesso ao objeto desse estudo se deu por meio de entrevistas em profundidade e semiestruturadas, orientadas pela escuta suspensiva. As questões disparadoras foram formuladas com base no Procedimento Estruturado de Reflexão adaptado. Para análise das entrevistas, realizou-se uma síntese de cada relato, seguindo-se de cruzamento intencional. Como resultados, percebeu-se que PE e Coaches trazem algumas similaridades no que se refere aos modos de refletir sobre sua prática. No entanto, as experiências que eles fazem desses processos reflexivos é que podem tomar rumos distintos. Os(as) PE amparam-se na regulamentação da profissão e resguardam-se em seus apontamentos, trazendo suas experiências e reflexões sobre os processos vividos. Os(as) Coaches trazem em suas explanações um trabalho coerente, organizado e compatível com o método do Coaching. Problematizar os processos reflexivos desses profissionais permite diferenciar qualitativa e eticamente suas atuações, possibilitando o fomento multiprofissional no esporte.(AU)
The aim of this study consists in phenomenologically identifying and understanding, by the report of Sport Psychologists (SP) and coaches, in their practical experience, how would be the reflexive processes that take place in their performance, as learned from reports of their experiences. The research method chosen was phenomenology, since it offers the necessary resources for such a dive along with the reflective experience. The intentional sample was outlined by SP and coaches (Physical Education professionals who use coaching) active in high performance sports, who have or are working in collective and/or individual sports. Nine interviews were conducted (five with SP, four with coaches). Access to the object of this study took place by in-depth and semi-structured interviews, guided by suspensive listening. The triggering questions were formulated based on the adapted Structured Reflection Procedure. For the analysis of the interviews, a synthesis of each report was carried out, followed by the intentional crossing. As results, it was noticed that SP and coaches bring some similarities regarding the ways of reflecting on their practice. However, their experiences of these reflective processes are that they can take different directions. The SP are based on the regulation of the profession and guard themselves in their notes, bringing their experiences and reflections on the processes experienced. Coaches bring in their explanations a coherent, organized, and compatible work with the coaching method. Problematizing the reflective processes of these professionals allows to differentiate their actuation qualitatively and ethically, making the multiprofessional phenomenon in sport possible.(AU)
El objetivo de este estudio consiste en identificar y comprender fenomenológicamente, a partir de la experiencia práctica de psicólogos del deporte (PD) y coaches, cómo serían los procesos reflexivos que se llevan a cabo en su rendimiento, tal y como se desprende de los informes de experiencias. El método de investigación elegido fue la fenomenología, ya que ofrece los recursos necesarios junto con la experiencia. La muestra intencional fue delineada por PD y coaches (profesionales de la educación física que utilizan el coaching) activos en deportes de alto rendimiento, que tienen o están trabajando en deportes colectivos e/o individuales. Se realizaron nueve entrevistas (cinco con PD, cuatro con coaches). El acceso al objeto de este estudio fue entrevistas en profundidad y semiestructuradas, guiadas por escuchas suspensivas. Las preguntas se formularon desde el procedimiento de reflexión estructurado adaptado. Para el análisis de las entrevistas, se hizo una síntesis de cada informe, seguida del cruce intencional. Como resultados, se notó que los PD y coaches tienen algunas similitudes con respecto a las formas de reflexionar sobre su práctica. Sin embargo, las experiencias que hacen de estos procesos pueden tomar diferentes direcciones. Los(las) PD se basan en la regulación de la profesión y se protegen en sus notas, aportando sus experiencias y reflexiones sobre los procesos vividos. Los(las) coaches plantean en sus explicaciones un trabajo coherente, organizado y compatible con el método de Coaching. Problematizar los procesos reflexivos de estos profesionales permite diferenciar sus acciones de manera cualitativa y ética, además de posibilitar la promoción multiprofesional en el deporte.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Psychology, Sports , Mentoring , Anxiety , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Personal Satisfaction , Aptitude , Physical Education and Training , Physical Endurance , Natural Science Disciplines , Play and Playthings , Professional Competence , Psychology , Psychomotor Performance , Quality of Health Care , Quality of Life , Recreation , Rehabilitation , Running , Attention , Science , Sleep , Soccer , Social Control, Formal , Social Identification , Social Justice , Sports Medicine , Stress, Psychological , Swimming , Teaching , Therapeutics , Track and Field , Vocational Guidance , Wounds and Injuries , Yoga , Behavioral Sciences , Breathing Exercises , Health , Mental Health , Physical Fitness , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Occupational Health , Walking , Professional Autonomy , Guidelines as Topic , Interview , Congresses as Topic , Meditation , Life , Behavioral Disciplines and Activities , Wit and Humor , Fitness Centers , Practice Management , Complex Regional Pain Syndromes , Credentialing , Crisis Intervention , Mind-Body Therapies , Exercise Movement Techniques , Biomedical Enhancement , Depression , Diet , Dietetics , Education, Nonprofessional , Employee Performance Appraisal , Employment , Ethics, Professional , Sanitary Supervision , Professional Training , Athletic Performance , Resistance Training , Resilience, Psychological , Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena , Feeding Behavior , Athletes , Capacity Building , Sports Nutritional Sciences , Return to Sport , Work Performance , Professionalism , Cardiorespiratory Fitness , Academic Success , Water Sports , Work Engagement , Cognitive Psychology , Science and Development , Cognitive Training , Psychological Well-Being , Working Conditions , Gymnastics , Health Occupations , Health Promotion , Anatomy , Job Description , Jurisprudence , Leadership , Learning , Life Style , Memory , Methods , Motivation , Motor Activity , Motor Skills , Movement , Muscle Relaxation , Muscles , ObesityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: We sought to detail the process of establishing a surgical aortic telehealth program and report the outcomes of a 5-year experience. METHODS: A telehealth program was established between two regional Veterans Affairs hospitals, one of which was without a comprehensive aortic surgical program, until such a program was established at the referring institution. A retrospective review was performed of all patients who underwent aortic surgery from 2014 to 2019. The operative data, demographics, perioperative complications, and follow-up data were reviewed. RESULTS: From 2014 to 2019, 109 patients underwent aortic surgery for occlusive and aneurysmal disease. Preoperative evaluation and postoperative follow-up were done remotely via telehealth. The median age of the patients was 68 years, 107 were men (98.2%), 28 (25.7%) underwent open aortic repair, and 81 (74.3%) underwent endovascular repair. Of the 109 patients, 101 (92.7%) had a median follow-up of 24.3 months, 5 (4.6%) were lost to follow-up or were noncompliant, 2 (1.8%) were noncompliant with their follow-up imaging studies but responded to telephone interviews, and 1 (0.9%) moved to another state. At the 30-day follow-up, eight patients (7.3%) required readmission. Four complications were managed locally, and four patients (3.6%) required transfer back to the operative hospital for additional care. CONCLUSIONS: Telehealth is a great tool to provide perioperative care and long-term follow-up for patients with aortic pathologies in remote locations. Most postoperative care and complications can be managed remotely, and patient compliance for long-term follow-up is high.
Subject(s)
Aortic Diseases/surgery , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/organization & administration , Endovascular Procedures , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administration , Telemedicine/organization & administration , Vascular Surgical Procedures/organization & administration , Videoconferencing/organization & administration , Aged , Aortic Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Endovascular Procedures/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Compliance , Patient Readmission , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Program Evaluation , Reoperation , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , United States , United States Department of Veterans Affairs , Vascular Surgical Procedures/adverse effectsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Perioperative chemotherapy (POC) in advanced gastric cancer (GC) patients significantly increases the curative resection rate and overall survival (OS). Textbook outcome (TO) represents a composite of surgical quality metrics strongly associated with improved OS. However, the current definition of TO after resection for GC does not include POC. Herein we propose to supplement the current description of TO with an additional feature, POC compliance. The present study aimed to evaluate prognostic impact of thus defined textbook oncological outcome (TOO) among patients undergoing gastrectomy for advanced GC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We collected data from a prospectively maintained database of all patients operated for GC between 2010 and 2020 in our institution. Patients with histologically confirmed and resectable advanced GC but without distant metastases, in whom multimodal treatment was planned by institutional MDT were included. RESULTS: A total of 194 patients were analyzed. In the multivariate analysis, patients with TOO had a 50 % lower risk of death than patients without TOO (medians: NR vs 42 months; HR = 0.50, p = 0.0109). Patients treated with POC had a 43 % lower risk of death than patients treated with only preoperative chemotherapy (medians: 78 vs 33 months; HR = 0.57, p = 0.0450). Patients with a pathological response (PR) in the primary tumor had a 59 % lower risk of death than patients without PR (medians: NR vs 36 months; HR = 0.41, p = 0.0229). POC combined with TO surgery significantly decreased the risk of death in advanced GC patients (medians: NR vs 42 months; HR = 0.35, p = 0.0258). CONCLUSION: Since TOO is associated with improved survival, it may serve as a multimodal treatment quality parameter in patients with advanced GC.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/therapy , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Gastrectomy , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Perioperative Care/standards , Stomach Neoplasms/therapy , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Capecitabine/administration & dosage , Docetaxel/administration & dosage , Epirubicin/administration & dosage , Female , Fluorouracil/administration & dosage , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Leucovorin/administration & dosage , Male , Middle Aged , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Oxaliplatin/administration & dosage , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Survival RateABSTRACT
A infecção humana causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), diagnosticada como pneumonia de causa desconhecida originalmente na cidade de Wuhan (China), foi considerada como pandemia pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Sua transmissibilidade parece ser bastante elevada, tendo afetado quase dois milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo e provocado mais de 130 mil mortes. Surgiu no Brasil em fevereiro de 2020, inicialmente na cidade de São Paulo. Afeta de forma mais grave os idosos e portadores de algumas comorbidades (tais como doenças cardiovasculares, hipertensão arterial, diabetes, câncer, DPOC e doenças cerebrovasculares, entre outras), tendo uma sintomatologia variável e tratamentos empíricos que estão sendo testados de forma mais rigorosa desde o seu aparecimento. Na ausência de vacina para proteção dos sadios, tem sido adotada a estratégia de isolamento social e tratamento com medidas de suporte geral e/ou avançado. Neste contexto, cabe investigar a contribuição da terapêutica homeopática no enfrentamento da doença, notadamente no alívio dos sintomas desconfortáveis por ela provocados em sua fase inicial, com acompanhamento e registro dos resultados obtidos pelos médicos homeopatas. Este estudo nacional pretende coletar, durante o período em que durar a pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil, informações de pacientes diagnosticados com a doença, tratados com medicamentos homeopáticos escolhidos de acordo com a sintomatologia apresentada pelo paciente, por experientes médicos homeopatas. Todos os medicamentos homeopáticos estão descritos na Farmacopéia Homeopática Brasileira, não envolvendo qualquer medicamento que não tenha sido anteriormente aprovado para uso homeopático. Serão avaliados os efeitos no estado de saúde do paciente, por meio de escores e escalas clínicas, bem como aspectos relacionados à segurança do medicamento, variação na duração da doença e medicamentos mais associados a eventuais sucessos terapêuticos. Questionário padronizado e específico para a COVID-19 foi elaborado e disponibilizado em formulários google para preenchimento dos médicos colaboradores do estudo durante o acompanhamento dos pacientes. Os dados serão armazenados em planilhas eletrônicas e serão analisados com técnicas estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais. Todos os dados dos pacientes serão coletados de forma totalmente anonimizada para proteger a privacidade dos pacientes, que serão identificados no formulário eletrônico, única e exclusivamente, por um código alfanumérico, escolhido pelo seu médico homeopata e registrado no seu prontuário médico. Dada a situação pandêmica, nos casos em que não for possível o atendimento presencial será enviado uma folha de informações sobre o estudo e TCLE para preenchimento pelo paciente, bem como feitas as teleconsultas de seguimento para acompanhamento do caso. Além de gerar o desenvolvimento de novas aplicações da telemedicina na área homeopática, o projeto visa também a coleta de informações úteis que poderão ser utilizadas em futuros estudos multicêntricos randomizados e controlados para tratamento com medicamentos homeopáticos de quadros epidêmicos, podendo servir também de modelo para novos estudos clínicos de avaliação dos benefícios do tratamento homeopático em outras doenças ou agravos à saúde.
La infección en humanos causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), diagnosticada como neumonía de causa desconocida originalmente en la ciudad de Wuhan (China) en diciembre de 2019, fue considerada una pandemia por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Su transmisibilidad parece ser bastante alta, afectando a casi dos millones de personas en todo el mundo y causando más de 130 mil muertes. Apareció en Brasil en febrero de 2020, inicialmente en la ciudad de São Paulo. Afecta más severamente a los ancianos y personas con algunas comorbilidades (como enfermedades cardiovasculares, presión arterial alta, diabetes, malignidad, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y enfermedad cerebrovascular, entre otros), con una rica sintomatología clínica. Los tratamientos empíricos se están probando en ensayos clínicos más rigurosos. En ausencia de una vacuna para proteger a los sanos, se ha adoptado la estrategia de aislamiento social y tratamiento con medidas de apoyo generales y / o avanzadas. En este contexto, se puede investigar la contribución potencial de la homeopatía para aliviar los síntomas causados por el coronavirus en su fase inicial, junto con el monitoreo y registro de los resultados recopilados por los médicos homeópatas. Este estudio nacional tiene la intención de recopilar información de casos sospechosos o confirmados de pacientes con COVID-19, durante la pandemia actual en Brasil. Los pacientes serán atendidos por médicos homeópatas experimentados con la prescripción de remedios de acuerdo con los síntomas presentados por el paciente en la pandemia. Todos los medicamentos homeopáticos se describen en la Farmacopea Homeopática Brasileña. Los efectos sobre el estado de salud de los pacientes se evaluarán mediante puntajes de síntomas y escalas clínicas, junto con medidas de seguridad, duración de la enfermedad y revelación de medicamentos más asociados con buenas respuestas clínicas. Se diseñó un cuestionario estandarizado y específico para COVID-19, que estará disponible en los formularios de Google para que los médicos lo completen durante el estudio. Los datos se almacenarán en hojas de cálculo electrónicas y se analizarán mediante técnicas estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales. Todos los datos del paciente se recopilarán de forma completamente anónima para proteger la privacidad de los pacientes. Los pacientes serán identificados exclusivamente por un código alfanumérico, que se registrará en los registros médicos de los médicos. Dada la situación de pandemia, en los casos en que la atención médica presencial no es obligatoria, se enviará una hoja de información sobre el estudio al paciente para obtener el consentimiento informado. Se realizarán teleconsultas en algunos casos para el seguimiento de los pacientes. Además de ampliar las aplicaciones de telemedicina para la homeopatía, este protocolo también tiene como objetivo recopilar información útil que podría utilizarse en futuros ensayos multicéntricos controlados y aleatorizados para evaluar el papel de la homeopatía en enfermedades epidémicas o transmisibles. También podría ser útil para diseñar estudios clínicos con medicamentos homeopáticos en otras enfermedades o problemas de salud.
Infection in humans caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19), diagnosed as pneumonia of unknown cause originally in the city of Wuhan (China) in December 2019, was considered a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Its transmissibility seems to be quite high, affecting almost two million people worldwide and causing more than 130 thousand deaths. It appeared in Brazil in February 2020, initially in the city of São Paulo. It affects more severely the elderly and people with some comorbidities (such as cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, diabetes, malignancy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cerebrovascular disease, among others), with a rich clinical symptomatology. Empirical treatments are being tested in more rigorous clinical trials. In the absence of a vaccine to protect the healthy, the strategy of social isolation and treatment with general and / or advanced support measures has been adopted. In this context, it is worth investigating the potential contribution of homeopathy for relieving the distressing symptoms caused by coronavirus in its initial phase, together with monitoring and recording outcomes collected by homeopathic doctors. This national study intends to collect information from suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients, during the current pandemic in Brazil. The patients will be attended by experienced homeopathic doctors with the prescription of remedies according to the symptoms presented by the patient in the pandemic. All homeopathic medicines are described in the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia. The effects on patients' health status will be evaluated by means of scores and clinical scales, together with measures on safety, duration of the disease and medicines better related with good results. A standardized and specific questionnaire for COVID-19 had been designed and will be available on google forms to be filled out by doctors during the study. The data will be stored in electronic spreadsheets and will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. All patient data will be collected in a completely anonymous way to protect patients' privacy. Patients will be identified exclusively by an alphanumeric code, to be registered in doctors' medical records. Given the pandemic situation, in cases in which face-to-face health care is not obligatory, an information sheet about the study will be sent to the patient in order to get the informed consent. Teleconsultations will take place in some cases for follow-up of patients. In addition to enlarge telemedicine applications for homeopathy, this project also aims to collect useful information that could be used in future randomized and controlled multicenter trials to evaluate the role of homeopathy in epidemic or transmissible diseases. It could also be helpful for designing clinical studies using homeopathic medicines in other diseases or health problems
Subject(s)
Humans , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Homeopathic Therapeutics/statistics & numerical data , Data Collection , COVID-19/therapyABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivo:analizar el significado holístico de la seguridad del paciente como fenómeno esencial para el cuidado en la neuronavegación por imágenes. Método:este estudio se realizó entre los meses de julio a diciembre del 2020, en el Centro de Investigaciones Medico Quirurgicas, ubicado en el municipio Playa, en la Habana, Cuba. Las autoras se apoyaron en un enfoque cualitativo propiamente inductivo. Se realizó una triangulación teórica en primer lugar y en segundo lugar; hubo que recurrir a la entrevista en profundidad desde la teoria fundamentada. Resultados:la triangulación -la relación enfermera paciente como proceso interpersonal y terapéutico, otro resultado lo es el vínculo entre los valores éticos y espirituales de la enfermera y del paciente. Las debilidades que se identificaron en la triangulación: La débil explicación por parte de los profesionales de enfermería del proceder que se le va a realizar a los pacientes. Las entrevista a profundidad se ha comportado como elemento enriquecedor del estudio, al propiciar que las autoras asumieran el nombre de tratamiento quirurgicode tumores cerebrales con el uso del planificador. Conclusión:el cambio de la cultura de seguridad del paciente es un proceso en el cual los profesionales de enfermería juegan un papel protagónico.
ABSTRACTObjective: to analyze the holistic meaning of the patient's security as essential phenomenon for the care in the neuronavegación for images. Method:this study was carried out among the months of July to December of the 2020. In the Center of Investigations I Prescribe Surgical, located in the municipality Beach, in the Havana, Cuba. The authors leaned on in a properly inductive qualitative focus. He/she was carried out a theoretical triangulation in the first place, in second place; it was necessary to appeal to the interview in depth from the based theory. Results: the triangulation -the relationship patient nurse as interpersonal and therapeutic process, another result is it the bond among the nurse's ethical and spiritual values and of the patient. The weaknesses that were identified in the triangulation: The weak explanation on the part of the infirmary professionals of proceeding that he will carry out the patients. The interview to depth has behaved as enriching element of the study, when propitiating that the authors assumed the name of surgical treatment of cerebral tumors with the use of the planner. Conclusion:the change of the culture of the patient's security is a process in which the infirmary professionals play a protagonistic paper.
RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o significado holístico da segurança do paciente como fenômeno essencial para o cuidado na neuronavegação por imagens. Método: este estudio foi realizado entre os meses de julho a dezembro de 2020, no Centro de Investigações Médico Cirúrgicas, localizado no município de Playa, em Havana, Cuba. As autoras se apoiaram em um enfoque qualitativo propriamente indutivo. Realizou-se uma triangulação teórica em primeiro e segundo lugar. Recorreu-se a entrevista em profundidade a partir da teoria fundamentada. Resultados: a triangulação -a relação enfermeira paciente como processo interpessoal e terapêutico, outro resultado é isto o laço entre os valores éticos e espirituais do enfermeira e do paciente. As fraquezas que foram identificadas na triangulação: A explicação fraca por parte dos profissionais de enfermaria de proceder que ele levará a cabo os pacientes. A entrevista para profundidade se comportou como enriquecendo elemento do estudo, ao propiciar que os autores assumiram o nome de tratamento cirúrgico de tumores cerebrais com o uso do planejador.Conclusão:a mudança da cultura da segurança do paciente é um processo no qual os profissionais de enfermaria jogam um papel de protagonistic.
Subject(s)
Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Patient SafetyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Medicare plans to extend financial structures tested through the Comprehensive End-Stage Renal Disease Care (CEC) Initiative-an alternative payment model for maintenance dialysis providers-to promote high-value care for beneficiaries with kidney failure. The End-Stage Renal Disease Seamless Care Organizations (ESCOs) that formed under the CEC Initiative varied greatly in their ability to generate cost savings and improve patient health outcomes. This study examined whether organizational or community characteristics were associated with ESCOs' performance. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: We used a retrospective pooled cross-sectional analysis of all 37 ESCOs participating in the CEC Initiative during 2015-2018 (n=87 ESCO-years). Key exposures included ESCO characteristics: number of dialysis facilities, number and types of physicians, and years of CEC Initiative experience. Outcomes of interest included were above versus below median gross financial savings (2.4%) and standardized mortality ratio (0.93). We analyzed unadjusted differences between high- and low-performing ESCOs and then used multivariable logistic regression to construct average marginal effect estimates for parameters of interest. RESULTS: Above-median gross savings were obtained by 23 (52%) ESCOs with no program experience, 14 (32%) organizations with 1 year of experience, and seven (16%) organizations with 2 years of experience. The adjusted likelihoods of achieving above-median gross savings were 23 (95% confidence interval, 8 to 37) and 48 (95% confidence interval, 24 to 68) percentage points higher for ESCOs with 1 or 2 years of program experience, respectively (versus none). The adjusted likelihood of achieving above-median gross savings was 1.7 (95% confidence interval, -3 to -1) percentage points lower with each additional affiliated dialysis facility. Adjusted mortality rates were lower for ESCOs located in areas with higher socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS: Smaller ESCOs, organizations with more experience in the CEC Initiative, and those located in more affluent areas performed better under the CEC Initiative.
Subject(s)
Accountable Care Organizations/organization & administration , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/organization & administration , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Medicare/organization & administration , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administration , Renal Dialysis , Accountable Care Organizations/economics , Cost Savings , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/economics , Health Care Costs , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/diagnosis , Kidney Failure, Chronic/economics , Kidney Failure, Chronic/mortality , Medicare/economics , Neighborhood Characteristics , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/economics , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Quality Indicators, Health Care/organization & administration , Renal Dialysis/adverse effects , Renal Dialysis/economics , Renal Dialysis/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Social Class , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , United StatesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: High-intensity occupational therapy can improve arm function after stroke, but many people lack access to such therapy. Home-based therapies could address this need, but they don't typically address abnormal muscle co-activation, an important aspect of arm impairment. An earlier study using lab-based, myoelectric computer interface game training enabled chronic stroke survivors to reduce abnormal co-activation and improve arm function. Here, we assess feasibility of doing this training at home using a novel, wearable, myoelectric interface for neurorehabilitation training (MINT) paradigm. OBJECTIVE: Assess tolerability and feasibility of home-based, high-dose MINT therapy in severely impaired chronic stroke survivors. METHODS: Twenty-three participants were instructed to train with the MINT and game for 90 min/day, 36 days over 6 weeks. We assessed feasibility using amount of time trained and game performance. We assessed tolerability (enjoyment and effort) using a customized version of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory at the conclusion of training. RESULTS: Participants displayed high adherence to near-daily therapy at home (mean of 82 min/day of training; 96% trained at least 60 min/day) and enjoyed the therapy. Training performance improved and co-activation decreased with training. Although a substantial number of participants stopped training, most dropouts were due to reasons unrelated to the training paradigm itself. INTERPRETATION: Home-based therapy with MINT is feasible and tolerable in severely impaired stroke survivors. This affordable, enjoyable, and mobile health paradigm has potential to improve recovery from stroke in a variety of settings. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03401762.
Subject(s)
Exergaming , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Stroke Rehabilitation , Stroke/therapy , Wearable Electronic Devices , Adult , Aged , Chronic Disease , Electromyography , Feasibility Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Stroke Rehabilitation/instrumentation , Stroke Rehabilitation/methods , SurvivorsABSTRACT
Importance: Only one-third of patients with complex psychiatric disorders engage in specialty mental health care, and only one-tenth receive adequate treatment in primary care. Scalable approaches are critically needed to improve access to effective mental health treatments in underserved primary care settings. Objective: To compare 2 clinic-to-clinic interactive video approaches to delivering evidence-based mental health treatments to patients in primary care clinics. Design, Setting, and Participants: This pragmatic comparative effectiveness trial used a sequential, multiple-assignment, randomized trial (SMART) design with patient-level randomization. Adult patients treated at 24 primary care clinics without on-site psychiatrists or psychologists from 12 federally qualified health centers in 3 states who screened positive for posttraumatic stress disorder and/or bipolar disorder and who were not already receiving pharmacotherapy from a mental health specialist were recruited from November 16, 2016, to June 30, 2019, and observed for 12 months. Interventions: Two approaches were compared: (1) telepsychiatry/telepsychology-enhanced referral (TER), where telepsychiatrists and telepsychologists assumed responsibility for treatment, and (2) telepsychiatry collaborative care (TCC), where telepsychiatrists provided consultation to the primary care team. TER included an adaptive intervention (phone-enhanced referral [PER]) for patients not engaging in treatment, which involved telephone outreach and motivational interviewing. Main Outcomes and Measures: Survey questions assessed patient-reported outcomes. The Veterans RAND 12-item Health Survey Mental Component Summary (MCS) score was the primary outcome (range, 0-100). Secondary outcomes included posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, manic symptoms, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, recovery, and adverse effects. Results: Of 1004 included participants, 701 of 1000 (70.1%) were female, 660 of 994 (66.4%) were White, and the mean (SD) age was 39.4 (12.9) years. Baseline MCS scores were 2 SDs below the US mean; the mean (SD) MCS scores were 39.7 (14.1) and 41.2 (14.2) in the TCC and TER groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in 12-month MCS score between those receiving TCC and TER (ß = 1.0; 95% CI, -0.8 to 2.8; P = .28). Patients in both groups experienced large and clinically meaningful improvements from baseline to 12 months (TCC: Cohen d = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; TER: Cohen d = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.04). For patients not engaging in TER at 6 months, there was no significant difference in 12-month MCS score between those receiving PER and TER (ß = 2.0; 95% CI, -1.7 to 5.7; P = .29). Conclusions and Relevance: In this comparative effectiveness trial of patients with complex psychiatric disorders randomized to receive TCC or TER, significantly and substantially improved outcomes were observed in both groups. From a health care system perspective, clinical leadership should implement whichever approach is most sustainable. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02738944.
Subject(s)
Bipolar Disorder/therapy , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/organization & administration , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Psychiatry/organization & administration , Referral and Consultation/organization & administration , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy , Telemedicine/organization & administration , Adult , Comparative Effectiveness Research , Evidence-Based Practice/organization & administration , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Reported Outcome Measures , Psychology/organization & administrationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Transient ischemic attack (TIA) can be a warning sign of an impending stroke. The objective of our study is to assess the feasibility, safety, and cost savings of a comprehensive TIA protocol in the emergency room for low-risk TIA patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective, single-center cohort study performed at an academic comprehensive stroke center. We implemented an emergency department-based TIA protocol pathway for low-risk TIA patients (defined as ABCD2 score < 4 and without significant vessel stenosis) who were able to undergo vascular imaging and a brain MRI in the emergency room. Patients were set up with rapid outpatient follow-up in our stroke clinic and scheduled for an outpatient echocardiogram, if indicated. We compared this cohort to TIA patients admitted prior to the implementation of the TIA protocol who would have qualified. Outcomes of interest included length of stay, hospital cost, radiographic and echocardiogram findings, recurrent neurovascular events within 30 days, and final diagnosis. RESULTS: A total of 138 patients were assessed (65 patients in the pre-pathway cohort, 73 in the expedited, post-TIA pathway implementation cohort). Average time from MRI order to MRI end was 6.4 h compared to 2.3 h in the pre- and post-pathway cohorts, respectively (p < 0.0001). The average length of stay for the pre-pathway group was 28.8 h in the pre-pathway cohort compared to 7.7 h in the post-pathway cohort (p < 0.0001). There were no differences in neuroimaging or echocardiographic findings. There were no differences in the 30 days re-presentation for stroke or TIA or mortality between the two groups. The direct cost per TIA admission was $2,944.50 compared to $1,610.50 for TIA patients triaged through the pathway at our institution. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the feasibility, safety, and cost-savings of a comprehensive, emergency department-based TIA protocol. Further study is needed to confirm overall benefit of an expedited approach to TIA patient management and guide clinical practice recommendations.
Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/economics , Emergency Service, Hospital/economics , Hospital Costs , Ischemic Attack, Transient/economics , Ischemic Attack, Transient/therapy , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/economics , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Clinical Protocols , Cost Savings , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Decision Support Techniques , Feasibility Studies , Female , Humans , Ischemic Attack, Transient/diagnostic imaging , Ischemic Attack, Transient/mortality , Length of Stay/economics , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Triage/economicsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 entry in human cells depends on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which can be upregulated by inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). We aimed to test our hypothesis that discontinuation of chronic treatment with ACE-inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) mitigates the course o\f recent-onset COVID-19. METHODS: ACEI-COVID was a parallel group, randomised, controlled, open-label trial done at 35 centres in Austria and Germany. Patients aged 18 years and older were enrolled if they presented with recent symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and were chronically treated with ACEIs or ARBs. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to discontinuation or continuation of RAS inhibition for 30 days. Primary outcome was the maximum sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score within 30 days, where death was scored with the maximum achievable SOFA score. Secondary endpoints were area under the death-adjusted SOFA score (AUCSOFA), mean SOFA score, admission to the intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, and death. Analyses were done on a modified intention-to-treat basis. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04353596. FINDINGS: Between April 20, 2020, and Jan 20, 2021, 204 patients (median age 75 years [IQR 66-80], 37% females) were randomly assigned to discontinue (n=104) or continue (n=100) RAS inhibition. Within 30 days, eight (8%) of 104 died in the discontinuation group and 12 (12%) of 100 patients died in the continuation group (p=0·42). There was no significant difference in the primary endpoint between the discontinuation and continuation group (median [IQR] maximum SOFA score 0·00 (0·00-2·00) vs 1·00 (0·00-3·00); p=0·12). Discontinuation was associated with a significantly lower AUCSOFA (0·00 [0·00-9·25] vs 3·50 [0·00-23·50]; p=0·040), mean SOFA score (0·00 [0·00-0·31] vs 0·12 [0·00-0·78]; p=0·040), and 30-day SOFA score (0·00 [10-90th percentile, 0·00-1·20] vs 0·00 [0·00-24·00]; p=0·023). At 30 days, 11 (11%) in the discontinuation group and 23 (23%) in the continuation group had signs of organ dysfunction (SOFA score ≥1) or were dead (p=0·017). There were no significant differences for mechanical ventilation (10 (10%) vs 8 (8%), p=0·87) and admission to intensive care unit (20 [19%] vs 18 [18%], p=0·96) between the discontinuation and continuation group. INTERPRETATION: Discontinuation of RAS-inhibition in COVID-19 had no significant effect on the maximum severity of COVID-19 but may lead to a faster and better recovery. The decision to continue or discontinue should be made on an individual basis, considering the risk profile, the indication for RAS inhibition, and the availability of alternative therapies and outpatient monitoring options. FUNDING: Austrian Science Fund and German Center for Cardiovascular Research.
Subject(s)
Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors , COVID-19 , Hypertension , Renin-Angiotensin System , SARS-CoV-2 , Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/administration & dosage , Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/adverse effects , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/adverse effects , Area Under Curve , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/metabolism , COVID-19/therapy , Female , Humans , Hypertension/drug therapy , Hypertension/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Organ Dysfunction Scores , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects , Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology , Risk Adjustment/methods , SARS-CoV-2/drug effects , SARS-CoV-2/physiology , Severity of Illness Index , Withholding Treatment/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the continuum of care (CoC) for maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) is not always complete. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated package of CoC interventions on the CoC completion, morbidity, and mortality outcomes of woman-child pairs in Ghana. METHODS AND FINDINGS: This cluster-randomized controlled trial (ISRCTN: 90618993) was conducted at 3 Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) sites in Ghana. The primary outcome was CoC completion by a woman-child pair, defined as receiving antenatal care (ANC) 4 times or more, delivery assistance from a skilled birth attendant (SBA), and postnatal care (PNC) 3 times or more. Other outcomes were the morbidity and mortality of women and children. Women received a package of interventions and routine services at health facilities (October 2014 to December 2015). The package comprised providing a CoC card for women, CoC orientation for health workers, and offering women with 24-hour stay at a health facility or a home visit within 48 hours after delivery. In the control arm, women received routine services only. Eligibility criteria were as follows: women who gave birth or had a stillbirth from September 1, 2012 to September 30, 2014 (before the trial period), from October 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015 (during the trial period), or from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016 (after the trial period). Health service and morbidity outcomes were assessed before and during the trial periods through face-to-face interviews. Mortality was assessed using demographic surveillance data for the 3 periods above. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to evaluate the effectiveness as difference in differences (DiD). For health service and morbidity outcomes, 2,970 woman-child pairs were assessed: 1,480 from the baseline survey and 1,490 from the follow-up survey. Additionally, 33,819 cases were assessed for perinatal mortality, 33,322 for neonatal mortality, and 39,205 for maternal mortality. The intervention arm had higher proportions of completed CoC (410/870 [47.1%]) than the control arm (246/620 [39.7%]; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] for DiD = 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08 to 2.92; p = 0.024). Maternal complications that required hospitalization during pregnancy were lower in the intervention (95/870 [10.9%]) than in the control arm (83/620 [13.4%]) (AOR for DiD = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.83; p = 0.008). Maternal mortality was 8/6,163 live births (intervention arm) and 4/4,068 live births during the trial period (AOR for DiD = 1.60; 95% CI: 0.40 to 6.34; p = 0.507) and 1/4,626 (intervention arm) and 9/3,937 (control arm) after the trial period (AOR for DiD = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.11 to 1.00; p = 0.050). Perinatal and neonatal mortality was not significantly reduced. As this study was conducted in a real-world setting, possible limitations included differences in the type and scale of health facilities and the size of subdistricts, contamination for intervention effectiveness due to the geographic proximity of the arms, and insufficient number of cases for the mortality assessment. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that an integrated package of CoC interventions increased CoC completion and decreased maternal complications requiring hospitalization during pregnancy and maternal mortality after the trial period. It did not find evidence of reduced perinatal and neonatal mortality. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study protocol was registered in the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Registry (90618993).
Subject(s)
Child Health Services , Continuity of Patient Care , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated , Maternal Health Services , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Pregnancy Complications/prevention & control , Adolescent , Adult , Delivery, Obstetric , Female , Ghana , Health Services Research , Hospitalization , House Calls , Humans , Infant , Infant Mortality , Infant, Newborn , Male , Maternal Mortality , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/etiology , Pregnancy Complications/mortality , Pregnancy Outcome , Time Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: If wounds are infected with bacteria resistant to an empirical antibiotic regimen, effective wound treatment will be delayed. This can delay wound healing and lengthen hospital stays, increasing the costs to patients. Long-term antibiotic use can also result in minor and major complications, such as diarrhea, antibiotic resistance, or life-threatening leukopenia. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria make wound treatment even more difficult. Traditionally, surgeons thought that adequate infection control should be established before soft tissue coverage. However, wounds infected by MDR do not heal well with this traditional method and there are no optimal treatment guidelines for MDR bacteria-contaminated wounds.We reviewed 203 patients who underwent vascularized flap surgery from 2012 to 2019 to cover wounds. Class IV and I wounds were compared according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classification. Class IV was further classified as antibiotic-resistant (ARB) and antibiotic-sensitive (ASB) bacteria. Wound size, mode, location, pathogens, healing time, and basic demographics were evaluated. Data were compared using Cramer's V and one-way ANOVA or independent t tests.The average healing time was longer in the ARB (19.7 [range 7-44] days) and ASB (17.9 [range 2-36] days) groups than in the Clean group (16.5 [range 7-28] days). Healing time differed in the 3 groups (P = .036). It was longer in the class IV group than in the class I group (P = .01). However, it was not statistically different between the ARB and ASB groups (Pâ=â.164).In our study the difference in healing time was small when vascularized tissue transfer was done in ARB-infected wound compared with ASB-infected and clean wound. It is necessary to perform surgery using vascularized tissue for the infected wound of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Bacteria , Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation , Wound Infection , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/classification , Bacteria/classification , Bacteria/drug effects , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Female , Humans , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Middle Aged , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Republic of Korea/epidemiology , Surgical Flaps , Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation/adverse effects , Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation/methods , Wound Healing , Wound Infection/epidemiology , Wound Infection/microbiology , Wound Infection/physiopathology , Wound Infection/therapyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Parenteral nutrition is commonly administered during therapeutic hypothermia. Randomised trials in critically ill children indicate that parenteral nutrition may be harmful. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between parenteral nutrition during therapeutic hypothermia and clinically important outcomes. DESIGN: Retrospective, population-based cohort study using the National Neonatal Research Database; propensity scores were used to create matched groups for comparison. SETTING: National Health Service neonatal units in England, Scotland and Wales. PARTICIPANTS: 6030 term and near-term babies, born 1/1/2010 and 31/12/2017, who received therapeutic hypothermia; 2480 babies in the matched analysis. EXPOSURE: We compared babies that received any parenteral nutrition during therapeutic hypothermia with babies that did not. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome: blood culture confirmed late-onset infection; secondary outcomes: treatment for late onset infection, necrotising enterocolitis, survival, length of stay, measures of breast feeding, hypoglycaemia, central line days, time to full enteral feeds, discharge weight. RESULTS: 1475/6030 babies (25%) received parenteral nutrition. In comparative matched analyses, the rate of culture positive late onset infection was higher in babies that received parenteral nutrition (0.3% vs 0.9%; difference 0.6; 95% CI 0.1, 1.2; p=0.03), but treatment for presumed infection was not (difference 0.8%, 95% CI -2.1 to 3.6, p=0.61). Survival was higher in babies that received parenteral nutrition (93.1% vs 90.0%; rate difference 3.1, 95% CI 1.5, 4.7; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Receipt of parenteral nutrition during therapeutic hypothermia is associated with higher late-onset infection but lower mortality. This finding may be explained by residual confounding. Research should address the risks and benefits of parenteral nutrition in this population.
Subject(s)
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/epidemiology , Hypothermia, Induced , Infant, Premature , Parenteral Nutrition , Sepsis/epidemiology , Combined Modality Therapy/methods , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Hypothermia, Induced/adverse effects , Hypothermia, Induced/methods , Hypothermia, Induced/statistics & numerical data , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature/blood , Infant, Premature/physiology , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Male , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Parenteral Nutrition/adverse effects , Parenteral Nutrition/methods , Parenteral Nutrition/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Routinely Collected Health Data , Survival Analysis , United Kingdom/epidemiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Effective coverage of non-communicable disease (NCD) care in sub-Saharan Africa remains low, with the majority of services still largely restricted to central referral centres. Between 2015 and 2017, the Rwandan Ministry of Health implemented a strategy to decentralise outpatient care for severe chronic NCDs, including type 1 diabetes, heart failure and severe hypertension, to rural first-level hospitals. This study describes the facility-level implementation outcomes of this strategy. METHODS: In 2014, the Ministry of Health trained two nurses in each of the country's 42 first-level hospitals to implement and deliver nurse-led, integrated, outpatient NCD clinics, which focused on severe NCDs. Post-intervention evaluation occurred via repeated cross-sectional surveys, informal interviews and routinely collected clinical data over two rounds of visits in 2015 and 2017. Implementation outcomes included fidelity, feasibility and penetration. RESULTS: By 2017, all NCD clinics were staffed by at least one NCD-trained nurse. Among the approximately 27 000 nationally enrolled patients, hypertension was the most common diagnosis (70%), followed by type 2 diabetes (19%), chronic respiratory disease (5%), type 1 diabetes (4%) and heart failure (2%). With the exception of warfarin and beta-blockers, national essential medicines were available at more than 70% of facilities. Clinicians adhered to clinical protocols at approximately 70% agreement with evaluators. CONCLUSION: The government of Rwanda was able to scale a nurse-led outpatient NCD programme to all first-level hospitals with good fidelity, feasibility and penetration as to expand access to care for severe NCDs.
Subject(s)
Ambulatory Care/organization & administration , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/organization & administration , Health Services Accessibility , Noncommunicable Diseases/therapy , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Ambulatory Care/standards , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/standards , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy , Heart Failure/therapy , Humans , Hypertension/therapy , Politics , Retrospective Studies , Rural Health Services , RwandaABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have assessed breastfeeding-support programmes. Among these, osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is a frequently used approach, although without strong evidence of efficacy. METHODS: A double-blind randomised controlled trial was conducted between July 2013 and March 2016. Breastfed term infants were eligible if one of the following criteria was met: suboptimal breastfeeding behaviour, maternal cracked nipples or maternal pain. The infants were randomly assigned to the intervention or the control group. The intervention consisted of two sessions of early OMT, while in the control group, the manipulations were performed on a doll behind a screen. The primary outcome was the exclusive breastfeeding rate at 1 month, which was assessed in an intention-to-treat analysis. Randomisation was computer generated and only accessible to the osteopath practitioner. The parents, research assistants and paediatricians were masked to group assignment. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-eight mother-infant dyads were randomised, with 64 assigned to each group. In each group, five infants were lost to follow-up. In the intervention group, 31 of 59 (53%) of infants were still exclusively breast fed at 1 month vs 39 of 59 (66%) in the control group, (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.17; p=0.12). After adjustment for suboptimal breastfeeding behaviour, caesarean section, use of supplements and breast shields, the adjusted OR was 0.44 (95% CI 0.17 to 1.11; p=0.08). No adverse effects were reported in either group. CONCLUSION: OMT did not improve exclusive breast feeding at 1 month. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01890668.
Subject(s)
Breast Feeding , Infant Care , Manipulation, Osteopathic/methods , Mother-Child Relations , Adult , Breast Feeding/methods , Breast Feeding/psychology , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Infant Care/methods , Infant Care/psychology , Infant, Newborn , Intention to Treat Analysis , Male , Maternal Behavior , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
While use of telemedicine to guide emergent treatment of ischemic stroke is well established, the COVID-19 pandemic motivated the rapid expansion of care via telemedicine to provide consistent care while reducing patient and provider exposure and preserving personal protective equipment. Temporary changes in re-imbursement, inclusion of home office and patient home environments, and increased access to telehealth technologies by patients, health care staff and health care facilities were key to provide an environment for creative and consistent high-quality stroke care. The continuum of care via telestroke has broadened to include prehospital, inter-facility and intra-facility hospital-based services, stroke telerehabilitation, and ambulatory telestroke. However, disparities in technology access remain a challenge. Preservation of reimbursement and the reduction of regulatory burden that was initiated during the public health emergency will be necessary to maintain expanded patient access to the full complement of telestroke services. Here we outline many of these initiatives and discuss potential opportunities for optimal use of technology in stroke care through and beyond the pandemic.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Continuity of Patient Care , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated , Ischemic Stroke/therapy , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Telemedicine , Continuity of Patient Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/economics , Fee-for-Service Plans , Health Care Costs , Healthcare Disparities , Humans , Insurance, Health, Reimbursement , Ischemic Stroke/diagnosis , Ischemic Stroke/economics , Occupational Health , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/economics , Patient Safety , Telemedicine/economicsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the intraoperative corrective effect of the aponeurotic release of semimembranosus (SM) as a single procedure or an adjunct procedure to distal myotendinous release of semitendinosus (ST) and myofascial release of SM lengthening in the correction of knee flexion deformity in cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: In this prospective study, 46 knees of 23 consecutive ambulatory patients (15 boys and 8 girls; mean age=8.33 years; age range=5-12 years) with spastic diplegic CP with a gross motor function classification system level (GMFCS) II or III were included. The patients were then divided into 2 groups. In group I, there were 10 patients (4 boys, 6 girls; mean age=8.6±2), and combined release of ST in the myotendinous junction and SM in the myofascial junction, followed by aponeurotic release of SM were carried out. In group II, there were 13 patients (2 girls, 11 boys; mean age=8±2.35), and aponeurotic release of SM was done first and followed by the combined release of ST in the distal myotendinous junction and the myofascial release of SM. Intraoperative popliteal angle (PA) measurements were recorded in each group. RESULTS: PA was reduced from 58.1°±7.6° (range=46°-75°) to 41.2°±8.8° (range=20°-54°) in group 1 and from 59.1°±11.3° (range=40°-87°) to 42.7°±10.8° (range=24°-64°) in group 2. No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of reduction in PA (p=0.867). In group 1, adding the aponeurotic release of SM further reduced the PA to 31.7°± 8.5° (range=14°-47°) (p=0.002). In group 2, adding the myotendinous release of ST and myofascial release of SM further reduced the PA to 32.9°±7.2° (range=16°-44°) (p=0.004). There was no significant difference between the final PA values in the 2 groups (p=0.662). There was no difference in terms of early complications. CONCLUSION: Aponeurotic release of SM is equally effective to reduce the intraoperative PA with combined myotendinous release of ST and myofascial release of SM. Combining all the 3 procedures provides a better correction without forceful manipulation or lengthening of the lateral hamstrings during the correction of knee flexion deformity in CP.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Palsy , Hamstring Muscles , Joint Deformities, Acquired/surgery , Knee Joint , Tenotomy , Cerebral Palsy/complications , Cerebral Palsy/physiopathology , Cerebral Palsy/surgery , Child , Contracture/etiology , Contracture/surgery , Female , Hamstring Muscles/pathology , Hamstring Muscles/physiopathology , Humans , Joint Deformities, Acquired/etiology , Joint Deformities, Acquired/physiopathology , Knee Joint/physiopathology , Knee Joint/surgery , Male , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Tenotomy/adverse effects , Tenotomy/methods , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether radioiodine remnant ablation (RRA) reduces cause-specific mortality (CSM) or tumor recurrence (TR) rate after bilateral lobar resection (BLR). PATIENTS AND METHODS: There were 2952 low-risk adult papillary thyroid cancer (LRAPTC) patients (with MACIS scores <6) who underwent potentially curative BLR during 1955-2014. During 1955-1974, 1975-1994, and 1995-2014, RRA was administered in 3%, 49%, and 28%. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS software. RESULTS: During 1955-1974, the 20-year CSM and TR rates after BLR alone were 1.0% and 6.8%; rates after BLR+RRA were 0% (P=.63) and 5.9% (P=.82). During 1975-1994, post-BLR 20-year rates for CSM and TR were 0.3% and 7.5%; after BLR+RRA, rates were higher at 0.9% (P=.31) and 12.8% (P=.01). When TR rates were examined separately for 448 node-negative and 317 node-positive patients, differences were nonsignificant. In 1995-2014, post-BLR 20-year CSM and TR rates were 0% and 9.2%; rates after BLR+RRA were higher at 1.4% (P=.19) and 21.0% (P<.001). In 890 pN0 cases, 15-year locoregional recurrence rates were 3.4% after BLR and 3.7% after BLR+RRA (P=.99). In 740 pN1 patients, 15-year locoregional recurrence rates were 10% higher after BLR+RRA compared with BLR alone (P=.01). However, this difference became nonsignificant when stratified by numbers of metastatic nodes. CONCLUSION: RRA administered to LRAPTC patients during 1955-2014 did not reduce either the CSM or TR rate. We would therefore not recommend RRA in LRAPTC patients undergoing BLR with curative intent.
Subject(s)
Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Postoperative Care , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary , Thyroidectomy , Ablation Techniques/methods , Databases, Factual/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mortality/trends , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Postoperative Care/methods , Postoperative Care/statistics & numerical data , Radiopharmaceuticals/therapeutic use , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/methods , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/statistics & numerical data , Risk Adjustment/methods , Risk Factors , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/mortality , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/pathology , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/radiotherapy , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/surgery , Thyroidectomy/adverse effects , Thyroidectomy/methods , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In the AFIRE trial, rivaroxaban monotherapy was noninferior to combination therapy with rivaroxaban and an antiplatelet agent for thromboembolic events or death, and superior for major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and stable coronary artery disease. Little is known about impacts of stroke and bleeding risks on the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban monotherapy. METHODS: In this subanalysis of the AFIRE trial, we assessed the risk of stroke and bleeding by the CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, and HAS-BLED scores. The primary efficacy end point was the composite of stroke, systemic embolism, myocardial infarction (MI), unstable angina requiring revascularization, or death from any cause. The primary safety end point was major bleeding defined by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. RESULTS: Rivaroxaban monotherapy significantly reduced the primary efficacy and safety end points with no evidence of differential effects by stroke risk (CHADS2, p for interactionâ¯=â¯0.727 for efficacy, 0.395 for safety; CHA2DS2-VASc, p for interactionâ¯=â¯0.740 for efficacy, 0.265 for safety) or bleeding risk (HAS-BLED, p for interactionâ¯=â¯0.581 for efficacy, 0.225 for safety). There was also no evidence of statistical heterogeneity across patient risk categories for other end points; stroke or systemic embolism, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, MI, MI or unstable angina, death from any cause, any bleeding, or net adverse clinical events. CONCLUSIONS: The advantages of rivaroxaban monotherapy compared with those of combination therapy with respect to all prespecified end points, including thromboembolism, bleeding, and mortality were similar across patients with AF and stable coronary artery disease, irrespective of their risk for stroke and bleeding. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry number, UMIN000016612, and ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02642419.