RESUMEN
Azathioprine (AZA) therapy failure, though not the primary cause, contributes to disease relapse and progression in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the role of gut microbiota in AZA therapy failure remains poorly understood. We found a high prevalence of Blautia wexlerae in patients with IBD with AZA therapy failure, associated with shorter disease flare survival time. Colonization of B. wexlerae increased inflammatory macrophages and compromised AZA's therapeutic efficacy in mice with intestinal colitis. B. wexlerae colonization reduced 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) bioavailability by enhancing selenium-dependent xanthine dehydrogenase (sd-XDH) activity. The enzyme sd-XDH converts 6-MP into its inactive metabolite, 6-thioxanthine (6-TX), thereby impairing its ability to inhibit inflammation in mice. Supplementation with Bacillus (B.) subtilis enriched in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) effectively mitigated B. wexlerae-induced AZA treatment failure in mice with intestinal colitis. These findings emphasize the need for tailored management strategies based on B. wexlerae levels in patients with IBD.
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Colitis , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino , Animales , Ratones , Mercaptopurina/uso terapéutico , Azatioprina/uso terapéutico , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Disponibilidad Biológica , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/tratamiento farmacológico , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/tratamiento farmacológico , BacteriasRESUMEN
New anti- Toxoplasma gondii agents are in demand due to the emergence of high toxicity. Ginseng polysaccharides and saponins can be used to treat the replication of Toxoplasma gondii in an attempt to determine whether the medicinal uses of ginseng are supported by pharmacological effects. Anti- Toxoplasma gondii activities of ginseng polysaccharides and saponins were examined in vitro and in vivo. The findings are the survival time and rate of Toxoplasma gondii infected mice after the intake of the total polysaccharides and saponins increased compared to untreated control mice. The survival rate of mice treated with ginseng saponins was the highest at 83.3%, the phenomenon of splenomegaly of mice was decreased especially ( p < 0.05) treated with ginseng polysaccharides. Accordingly, ginseng polysaccharides and saponins have a potential application in anti-Toxoplasma gondii treatments.
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Panax , Saponinas , Toxoplasma , Animales , Ratones , Saponinas/farmacología , Polisacáridos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The rapid development of the polymeric materials market has created an urgent demand for the thermoplastic polyamide elastomer (TPAE) owing to its greater functionality, and ability to be synthesized via a facile and industrial route. In this work, a series of novel silicone-containing polyamides (PA1212/Si12) were successfully synthesized from 1,12-dodecarboxylic acid (LA), 1,12-dodecarbondiamine (DMDA), and 1,3-bis (amino-propyl) tetramethyldisiloxane (BATS), via a one-pot melt polycondensation method in the absence of a catalyst. FTIR, 1H-NMR, GPC and inherent viscosity results cohesively prove that the polymerization of monomers was well conducted, and the chemical structure was in high accordance with the design. As expected, the Si12 unit-content of the copolymers regulate the properties of the series. As the feeding ratio of BATS in the diamines increases from 5 mol% to 40 mol%, the thermal transition temperatures, Tg and Tm, decline steadily before finally stabilizing at ~6 °C and 160 °C, respectively, indicating that the co-polyamides possess improved chain flexibility but restricted crystallization ability. The conspicuous evolution in crystalline morphology of the series was observed by XRD and AFM. The increased PA Si12 phase induces the crystallized PA 1212 phase to transit from a thermally-favorable large and rigid crystal structure (α phase) to a kinetically-favorable small and ductile crystal structure (γ phase). Reflected in their stress-strain behavior, PA1212/Si12 copolymers are successfully tailored from rigid plastic to ductile elastomer. The tensile strength mildly drops from above 40 MPa to ~30 MPa while the reversible elongation increases from ~50% to approximately 350%. Accordingly, the moderate surface tension differences in the monomers facilitate the efficient conduction of the co-polymerization process, and the distributed short siloxane unit in the backbone fulfills the copolymer with desirable elasticity. Interestingly, the novel silicone-containing polyamides also display Si12 unit-content dependent flame retardancy, humidity stability, and unconventional solid-state fluorescence properties. The elastomers exhibit a low bibulous rate and anti-fouling characteristics to dye droplets and mud contamination, pass the V-1 rating (UL 94) with a constantly declining PHRR value, and emit blue luminescence under a 365 nm light source. Herein, we propose a new facile strategy for developing a high-performance and multifunctional silicone-modified polyamide, which bears promising industrialization potential. In addition, this first reported silicone-containing thermoplastic polyamide elastomer, which is self-extinguishing, anti-fouling and blue-luminescent, will further broaden the application potential of thermoplastic polyamide elastomers.
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Chronic inflammatory pain is mainly manifested by peripheral sensitization. Baimai Ointment(BMO), a classical Tibetan medicine for external use, has good clinical efficacy in the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain, while its pharmacodynamics and mechanism for relieving peripheral sensitization remain unclear. This study established an animal model of chronic inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant to explore the mechanism of BMO in the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain by behavioral test, side effect assessment, network analysis, and experimental verification. The pharmacodynamics experiment showed that BMO increased the thresholds of mechanical pain sensitivity and thermal radiation pain sensitivity of chronic inflammatory pain mice in a dose-dependent manner, and had inhibitory effect on foot swelling, inflammatory mediator, and the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1(TRPV1) and transient receptor potential A1(TRPA1). The results of body weight monitoring, pain sensitivity threshold detection in normal mice, rotarod performance test, and forced swimming test showed that BMO had no obvious toxic or side effect. The network analysis of 51 candidate active molecules selected according to the efficacy of BMO, content of main components, and ADME parameters showed that the inhibitory effect of BMO on chronic inflammatory pain was associated with the core regulatory elements of tumor necrosis factor(TNF) and T cell receptor signaling pathways. BMO down-regulated the protein levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase 14(MAPK14), MAPK1, and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2), and up-regulated the phosphorylation le-vel of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta(GSK3 B) in the plantar tissue of mice. In conclusion, BMO can effectively relieve peripheral sensitization of chronic inflammatory pain without inducing tolerance and obvious toxic and side effects. The relevant mechanism may be related to the regulation of BMO on core regulatory elements of TNF and T cell receptor signaling pathways in surrounding tissues.
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Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3 , Hiperalgesia , Ratones , Animales , Hiperalgesia/inducido químicamente , Hiperalgesia/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperalgesia/metabolismo , Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3/efectos adversos , Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3/metabolismo , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor/inducido químicamente , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T/uso terapéutico , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismo , Canales Catiónicos TRPV/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge. var. major) is an edible and medicinal fruit that is very common in food and traditional Chinese medicine. Corosolic acid (CA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, which is an active component of hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge. var. major), has been exhibiting various pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, antibacterial, anticancer, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant effects. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of CA on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in mice induced by 60 kcal% high-fat diet (HFD) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ). CA lowered liver index and serum AST, ALT, TG, and TC levels compared to those in the model group. Histological analyses of the liver tissues of mice treated with CA revealed significantly decreased number of lipid droplets and alleviated inflammation and fibrosis. CA inhibited the transcripts of pro-fibrogenic markers (including α-SMA, collagen I, and TIMP-1) and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (including TNF-α, IL-1ß, caspase-1, and IL-6) associated with hepatic fibrosis, and NF-κB translocation and TGF-ß1/Smad2 and AMPK pathways. In addition, CA reduced lipid accumulation via the regulation of AMPK and NF-κB activation in FFA-induced steatotic HepG2 cells. CA also decreased α-SMA, collagen I expressions, and Smad2 phosphorylation, which were reduced by TGF-ß1 treatment in LX2 cells. Our results suggested that CA ameliorated NASH through regulating TGF-ß1/Smad2, NF-κB, and AMPK signaling pathways, and CA could be developed as a potential health functional food or therapeutic agent for NASH patients.
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Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Triterpenos , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Animales , Tetracloruro de Carbono , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Hígado/metabolismo , Cirrosis Hepática , Ratones , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteína Smad2 , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Triterpenos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The traditional Chinese medicine, diosgenin (Dio), has attracted increasing attention because it possesses various therapeutic effects, including anti-tumor, anti-infective and anti-allergic properties. However, the commercial application of Dio is limited by its extremely low aqueous solubility and inferior bioavailability in vivo. Soluplus, a novel excipient, has great solubilization and capacity of crystallization inhibition. The purpose of this study was to prepare Soluplus-mediated Dio amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) to improve its solubility, bioavailability and stability. METHODS: The crystallization inhibition studies were firstly carried out to select excipients using a solvent shift method. According to solubility and dissolution results, the preparation methods and the ratios of drug to excipient were further optimized. The interaction between Dio and Soluplus was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and molecular docking. The pharmacokinetic study was conducted to explore the potential of Dio ASDs for oral administration. Furthermore, the long-term stability of Dio ASDs was also investigated. RESULTS: Soluplus was preliminarily selected from various excipients because of its potential to improve solubility and stability. The optimized ASDs significantly improved the aqueous solubility of Dio due to its amorphization and the molecular interactions between Dio and Soluplus, as evidenced by dissolution test in vitro, DSC, FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM, PXRD and molecular docking technique. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic studies in rats revealed that the bioavailability of Dio from ASDs was improved about 5 times. In addition, Dio ASDs were stable when stored at 40°C and 75% humidity for 6 months. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that Dio ASDs, with its high solubility, high bioavailability and high stability, would open a promising way in pharmaceutical applications.
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Diosgenina/farmacocinética , Desarrollo de Medicamentos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacocinética , Excipientes/farmacocinética , Polietilenglicoles/farmacocinética , Polivinilos/farmacocinética , Administración Oral , Animales , Disponibilidad Biológica , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Diosgenina/administración & dosificación , Composición de Medicamentos , Estabilidad de Medicamentos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/administración & dosificación , Excipientes/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional China , Conformación Molecular , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Polietilenglicoles/administración & dosificación , Polivinilos/administración & dosificación , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Solubilidad , Espectrometría de Masas en TándemRESUMEN
Heat therapy is a promising therapeutic modality for cancer treatment due to the minimum adverse effects of selective local hyperthermia; however, the low heating efficiency of heat therapy under safe conditions is an issue for its bioapplication. Here, we report the synthesis of water-dispersible sulfur doped iron oxides (SDIOs) with different phase structures and the exploration of the relationships between the different SDIOs and their induction heating capacities as a guideline to obtain a photo-magnetic hyperthermia agent. The agent exhibits good biocompatibility, excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (55.8%) and great T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (63.7 mM-1 s-1). Significantly, the SDIOs effectively eliminate tumours in a biologically safe AC magnetic field range (H·f = 4.3 < 5.0 × 106 kA m-1 s-1) and with 808 nm laser irradiation at a safe density of 0.33 W cm-2; also, they can be mostly metabolized from the body after one month. The work presented here adopts anion-doped iron oxides to dramatically improve photo-magnetic hyperthermia effects and may enable further exploration in thermotherapeutic research.
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Compuestos Férricos/química , Hipertermia Inducida/métodos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Fototerapia/métodos , Seguridad , Azufre/química , Animales , Células HeLa , Humanos , RatonesRESUMEN
Transition-metal chalcogenides with an imaging element and tunable optical property are strongly desired as ideal high-efficiency photothermal theranostic agents to diagnose and eliminate tumors. Herein, we report on a one-pot solvothermal strategy to synthesize various porous cobalt sulfide hollow nanospheres (PCSH NSs) and elucidate the relation between PCSH NSs and their optical absorption as a guide to obtain optimal photothermal therapy (PTT) agents. After PEG modification, PEG-PCSH NSs show superexcellent photothermal conversion efficiency (â¼70.1%) which is higher than that of binary transition-metal chalcogenides materials reported to date. A low dose (100 µL, 25 ppm) could completely ablate tumors under an 808 nm laser power of 0.7 W cm-2, reducing in vivo long-term residual agent content and thus lowering the possibility of side effects. Additionally, they also exhibit excellent biocompatibility, good photostability and utility for magnetic resonance imaging. Our results indicate that PCSH NSs can be considered as an outstanding PTT agent and give guidance towards the design of other photothermal theranostic agents.
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Cobalto/química , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Nanosferas , Neoplasias Experimentales/terapia , Fototerapia , Nanomedicina Teranóstica , Animales , Células HeLa , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones DesnudosRESUMEN
Diosgenin (DSG), a well-known steroid sapogenin derived from Dioscorea nipponica Makino and Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright, has a variety of bioactivities. However, it shows low oral bioavailability due to poor aqueous solubility and strong hydrophobicity. The present study aimed to develop DSG nanocrystals to increase the dissolution and then improve the oral bioavailability and biopharmaceutical properties of DSG. DSG nanocrystals were prepared by the media milling method using a combination of pluronic F127 and sodium dodecyl sulfate as surface stabilizers. The physicochemical properties of the optimal DSG nanocrystals were characterized using their particle size distribution, morphology, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data, and solubility and dissolution test results. Pharmacokinetic studies of the DSG coarse suspension and its nanocrystals were performed in rats. The particle size and polydispersity index of DSG nanocrystals were 229.0 ± 3.7 nm and 0.163 ± 0.064, respectively. DSG retained its original crystalline state during the manufacturing process, and its chemical structure was not compromised by the nanonizing process. The dissolution rate of the freeze-dried DSG nanocrystals was significantly improved in comparison with the original DSG. The pharmacokinetic studies showed that the AUC0-72h and C max of DSG nanocrystals increased markedly (p < 0.01) in comparison with the DSG coarse suspension by about 2.55- and 2.01-fold, respectively. The use of optimized nanocrystals is a good and efficient strategy for oral administration of DSG due to the increased dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of DSG nanocrystals.
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Diosgenina/síntesis química , Diosgenina/metabolismo , Nanopartículas/química , Nanopartículas/metabolismo , Administración Oral , Animales , Disponibilidad Biológica , Rastreo Diferencial de Calorimetría/métodos , Diosgenina/administración & dosificación , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Liofilización/métodos , Masculino , Nanopartículas/administración & dosificación , Tamaño de la Partícula , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Solubilidad , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier/métodos , Difracción de Rayos XRESUMEN
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an important pathogen which can causes serious public health problems. Since the current therapeutic drugs for toxoplasmosis present serious host toxicity, research on effective and new substances of relatively low toxicity is urgently needed. This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-parasitic effect of oxymatrine (OM) and matrine (ME) against T. gondii in vitro and in vivo. In our study, the anti-T. gondii activities of ME and OM were evaluated in vitro using cell counting kit-8 assay, morphological observation and trypan blue exclusion assay. In vivo, mice were sacrificed four days post-infection and ascites were drawn out to determine the extent of tachyzoite proliferation. Viscera indexes and liver biochemical parameters, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), were examined to evaluate the toxicity of compounds to mice. As a result, OM and ME showed anti-T. gondii activity but low selectivity toxicity to HeLa cells. Both compounds also significantly decreased the number of tachyzoites in peritoneal cavity and recovered the levels of ALT, AST, GSH and MDA in liver. Moreover, the mice treated with OM or ME achieved better results in viscera index and survival rate than that of spiramycin. These results suggest that OM and ME are likely the sources of new drugs for toxoplasmosis, and further studies will be necessary to compare the efficacy of drug combination, as well as identify its action of mechanism.
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Alcaloides/farmacología , Antiprotozoarios/farmacología , Quinolizinas/farmacología , Toxoplasma/efectos de los fármacos , Toxoplasmosis Animal/tratamiento farmacológico , Alcaloides/uso terapéutico , Alcaloides/toxicidad , Animales , Antiprotozoarios/uso terapéutico , Antiprotozoarios/toxicidad , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Células HeLa , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Hígado/química , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/parasitología , Hígado/patología , Ratones , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Quinolizinas/uso terapéutico , Quinolizinas/toxicidad , Sophora/química , Espiramicina/farmacología , Espiramicina/uso terapéutico , Espiramicina/toxicidad , Bazo/efectos de los fármacos , Bazo/parasitología , Bazo/patología , Tasa de Supervivencia , Toxoplasmosis Animal/mortalidad , MatrinasRESUMEN
Aconiti Lateralis Radix (Fuzi) is a toxic traditional Chinese medicine with definite efficacy. In order to improve the quality control of its different prepared products and ensure the security in clinic, it is significant to establish a method of quality evaluation related to clinic adverse effects. Aiming at the important biological marker of early cardiac toxicity reaction, there was no method to detect it. In this manuscript, a novel approach for measuring the minimal toxic dose (MTD) of premature ventricular contractions (PVC) poisoning of rats was established. Then, the determination methodology and conditions were optimized to meet the needs of the quality and biological assessment, including animal sex, weight, stability of standards and test solutions. Using this method, the MTD value of different Fuzi products were determined, such as Heishunpian, Baifupian, Zhengfupian, Baofupian, and Paotianxiong. The results showed that the MTD of Fuzi was significantly decreased after detoxification processed (P<0.05) and the MTD of Heishunpian, Zhengfupian, Baofupian and Baifupian was as much as 15.76, 22.36, 19.65 and 20.97 times to that of unprocessed Shengfuzi. In addition, Paotianxiong could not induce PVC in rats, which indicated that Paotianxiong was nontoxic and safe.This method could appropriately reflects the cardiotoxity of Fuzi and its prepared samples. Together with the chemical composition analysis, the contents of diester alkaloids were explored including aconitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine as well as monoester alkaloids in Fuzi and its prepared products were significantly associated with PVC. Furthermore, there may be some components undetermined facilitating arrhythmia to be worth exploring. This research provides an overall and comprehensive approach to diagnose early clinical cardiotoxity and control the quality of Fuzi, which could not only be a complementary solution for the chemical evaluation, but a new method to ensure its efficacy and security of clinical application.
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Extractos Vegetales/normas , Complejos Prematuros Ventriculares/inducido químicamente , Aconitina/análisis , Aconitum/toxicidad , Alcaloides/análisis , Animales , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Diterpenos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Control de Calidad , Ratas , Pruebas de ToxicidadRESUMEN
Aconiti Lateralis Radix (Fuzi) is a toxic traditional Chinese medicine with definite efficacy. In order to improve the quality control of its different prepared products and ensure the security in clinic, it is significant to establish a method of quality evaluation related to clinic adverse effects. Aiming at the important biological marker of early cardiac toxicity reaction, there was no method to detect it. In this manuscript, a novel approach for measuring the minimal toxic dose (MTD) of premature ventricular contractions (PVC) poisoning of rats was established. Then, the determination methodology and conditions were optimized to meet the needs of the quality and biological assessment, including animal sex, weight, stability of standards and test solutions. Using this method, the MTD value of different Fuzi products were determined, such as Heishunpian, Baifupian, Zhengfupian, Baofupian, and Paotianxiong. The results showed that the MTD of Fuzi was significantly decreased after detoxification processed (P<0.05) and the MTD of Heishunpian, Zhengfupian, Baofupian and Baifupian was as much as 15.76, 22.36, 19.65 and 20.97 times to that of unprocessed Shengfuzi. In addition, Paotianxiong could not induce PVC in rats, which indicated that Paotianxiong was nontoxic and safe.This method could appropriately reflects the cardiotoxity of Fuzi and its prepared samples. Together with the chemical composition analysis, the contents of diester alkaloids were explored including aconitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine as well as monoester alkaloids in Fuzi and its prepared products were significantly associated with PVC. Furthermore, there may be some components undetermined facilitating arrhythmia to be worth exploring. This research provides an overall and comprehensive approach to diagnose early clinical cardiotoxity and control the quality of Fuzi, which could not only be a complementary solution for the chemical evaluation, but a new method to ensure its efficacy and security of clinical application.
RESUMEN
Bio-based polyamides are environment-friendly polymers. The precursors of bio-based polyamides come from bio-based materials such as castor oil, glucose and animal oil. Bio-based polyamides precursors include bio-based amino acids, bio-based lactams, bio-based diprotic acid and bio-based diamines. In this paper, we discussed the route of the precursors of bio-based polyamides that come from bio-based materials. We discussed the properties of bio-based polyamides. Bio-based PA11and bio-based PA1010 are well-known bio-based polyamides; we discussed the origin materials of the precursors, the route of manufacturing bio-based PA11 and PA1010, and their modifications status. The variety, classification and commercial production of bio-based polyamides were described in details, as well as bio-based polyamides development in China.
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Biotecnología , Nylons/química , Animales , Aceite de Ricino , China , Glucosa , PolímerosRESUMEN
Rhubarb is commonly used as laxatives in Asian countries, of which anthraquinones are the major active ingredients, but there are an increased number of concerns regarding the nephrotoxicity of anthraquinones. In this study, we compared the pharmacokinetic characteristics of rhubarb anthraquinones in rats after orally administered with rhubarb and rhubarb total free anthraquinone oral colon-specific drug delivery granules (RTFA-OCDD-GN), and then explained why these granules could reduce the nephrotoxicity of anthraquinones when they produced purgative efficacy. A sensitive and reliable high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been fully validated for simultaneous determination of the five active components of rhubarb, and successfully applied to investigate and compare the remarkable differences in pharmacokinetic study of rhubarb anthraquinones after orally administered with rhubarb and RTFA-OCDD-GN. The results showed that, compared with rhubarb group, the AUC, Cmax, t1/2z and Vz/F of aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin and chrysophanol in rats receiving the RTFA-OCDD-GN were significantly decreased, and the Tmax of the four analytes was prolonged. Moreover, the Tmax of rhein, the Cmax of chrysophanol and emodin all have significant differences (P<0.05). Simultaneously, anthraquinone prototype excretion rates in urine and feces of aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion were all increased. These findings suggested that oral colon-specific drug delivery technology made anthraquinone aglycone to colon-specific release after oral administration. This allowed anthraquinones to not only play the corresponding purgative effect but also avoid intestinal absorption and promote excretion. And thereby greatly reduced the nephrotoxicity of rhubarb. The result is a new breakthrough in rhubarb toxicity attenuated research.
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Antraquinonas/farmacocinética , Catárticos/farmacocinética , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Rheum/química , Administración Oral , Animales , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Colon , Absorción Intestinal , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Pruebas de ToxicidadRESUMEN
Sanhuang tablets is one of common traditional Chinese patent preparation, it has effects of clear fever, detoxifcation, dispel inflammation, purgation. It was contained in the ministerial standards of Ministry of Health in 1997, and was contained in Chinese pharmacopoeia version 1 of 2000 and 2005. Its improvement of dosage form, preparation technique, quality analysis, pharmacology and clinical usage were reviewed in this paper.
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/aislamiento & purificación , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Coptis/química , Combinación de Medicamentos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/normas , Humanos , Control de Calidad , Rheum/química , Scutellaria baicalensis/química , ComprimidosRESUMEN
Sanhuang tablets is one of common traditional Chinese patent preparation, it has effects of clear fever, detoxifcation, dispel inflammation, purgation. It was contained in the ministerial standards of Ministry of Health in 1997, and was contained in Chinese pharmacopoeia version 1 of 2000 and 2005. Its improvement of dosage form, preparation technique, quality analysis, pharmacology and clinical usage were reviewed in this paper.