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1.
Aust Vet J ; 100(7): 292-295, 2022 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35355243

RESUMEN

Failure of passive immunity transfer (FPIT) increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in dairy calves. The prevalence of FPIT in dairy calves has generally been reported to be high, with FPIT estimated to occur in 38%-42% of Australian dairy calves. However, the focus of previous studies has been on replacement heifer calves. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of FPIT in Victorian bobby calves (non-replacement dairy calves). We collected blood samples from 3608 bobby calves at three abattoirs at exsanguination, and measured serum total protein as an indicator of passive transfer. We found that 36% of bobby calves showed evidence of FPIT (serum total protein ≤52 g/L), and 50% of calves had poor or fair passive transfer (<58 g/L). When a subset of calves (from farms with more than five calves in the dataset) was analysed using a linear mixed model, Jersey calves and crossbred/other calves had an estimated 5.3 g/L and 5.1 g/L higher serum total protein concentration, respectively, than Holstein-Friesian calves (P < 0.001). Our results suggest that the prevalence of FPIT in bobby calves at abattoirs is similar to that reported in dairy heifer calves sampled on farms. A high prevalence of FPIT has implications for bobby calf morbidity and mortality, as well as calf viability and profitability for dairy-beef production.


Asunto(s)
Calostro , Inmunización Pasiva , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Australia/epidemiología , Bovinos , Granjas , Femenino , Inmunización Pasiva/veterinaria , Embarazo , Prevalencia
2.
N Z Vet J ; 70(4): 211-217, 2022 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35172695

RESUMEN

AIMS: To gather data on the calf management and rearing practices of a subset of dairy farmers in the south-west region of Western Australia. METHODS: A 30-minute face-to-face survey was conducted with dairy cattle producers in the south-west region of Western Australia from April-June 2019 to determine pre-weaning calf rearing practices. Participation was voluntary, using a self-selected subset of dairy farmers registered with a regional extension group. The questionnaire assessed three broad categories: farm demographics, colostrum harvesting and management and calf rearing practices. RESULTS: The study response rate was 34/140 (24%). The following key areas were identified where there were deviations from recognised best practice: Precalving: no transition diet was fed pre-calving on 4/34 (12%) of farms, and on a further 5/34 (15%) it was fed for less than 3 weeks; mixing of heifers and adult cows in the calving paddocks occurred in 24/34 (70%) of the farms, with 15% (5/34) of the farms using calving induction. During calving 14/34 (41%) of the farms did not disinfect navels of new-born calves; although 23/34 farmers stated that they collected calves within 6 hours of birth, data on frequency of calf pick-up (2/34 did not separate calves and dams and 19/34 picked up only once per day) indicated that on 21/34 farms (62%) the reality was that calves were picked up >12 hours after birth. Colostrum quality was not assessed appropriately on 18/34 (53%) farms and farmers overestimated how soon after birth it was administered: 23/34 (68%) reported feeding it within 6 hours of calving, despite 62% picking up calves >12 hours after calving. Regarding calf rearing practices, no pain relief before or after dehorning was used on 20/34 (59%) farms, calf bedding was removed infrequently (

Asunto(s)
Calostro , Industria Lechera , Animales , Bovinos , Granjas , Femenino , Embarazo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Australia Occidental
3.
Res Vet Sci ; 139: 121-126, 2021 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34298285

RESUMEN

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of failure of passive transfer of immunity (FPTI) in dairy calves in the south-west region of Western Australia herds. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 26/140 dairy farms and serum samples were collected from 495 healthy 2-7 day-old calves. A radial immunodiffusion (RID) test was used to determine the concentration of serum IgG and calves were classified as having FPTI if the IgG concentration was less than 10 mg/mL. Estimation of FPTI was also assessed using two indirect methods using serum total protein (STP) and a brix refractometer. The estimated prevalence of FPTI was found to be 8.7% (43 calves out of 495) by RID with the concentration of IgG ranging between 0 and 6.2 mg/ml. The STP was found to vary from 46 to 96 mg/mL and using a cut-off point of 55 mg/mL the calf level prevalence was estimated as 7.1% (33 calves). Using the brix refractometer, the prevalence was found to be 13.1% (65 calves) with the refractometer reading ranging 6-14% of IgG. In the present study there was no association between calf-level factors (age, sex and breed) and FPTI. There was a higher correlation of the RID test results and the STP results compared to the RID and brix refractometer results. It is concluded that the prevalence of FPTI in dairy calves in the south-west region of Western Australia is low (8.7%) and the brix refractometer is not a reliable indirect method for determining passive transfer of immunity to calves.


Asunto(s)
Bovinos , Calostro , Inmunización Pasiva , Inmunoglobulina G , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Bovinos/inmunología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Inmunización Pasiva/veterinaria , Embarazo , Prevalencia , Australia Occidental/epidemiología
4.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 8374, 2018 05 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29849032

RESUMEN

Alternative management strategies for localised prostate cancer are required to reduce morbidity and overtreatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and acceptability of exercise training (ET) with behavioural support as a primary therapy for low/intermediate risk localised prostate cancer. Men with low/intermediate-risk prostate cancer were randomised to 12 months of ET or usual care with physical activity advice (UCwA) in a multi-site open label RCT. Feasibility included acceptability, recruitment, retention, adherence, adverse events and disease progression. Secondary outcomes included quality of life and cardiovascular health indices. Of the 50 men randomised to ET (n = 25) or UCwA (n = 25), 92% (n = 46) completed 12 month assessments. Three men progressed to invasive therapy (two in UCwA). In the ET group, men completed mean: 140 mins per week for 12 months (95% CI 129,152 mins) (94% of target dose) at 75% Hrmax. Men in the ET group demonstrated improved body mass (mean reduction: 2.0 kg; 95% CI -2.9,-1.1), reduced systolic (mean: 13 mmHg; 95%CI 7,19) and diastolic blood pressure (mean:8 mmHg; 95% CI 5,12) and improved quality of life (EQ.5D mean:13 points; 95% CI 7,18). There were no serious adverse events. ET in men with low/intermediate risk prostate cancer is feasible and acceptable with a low progression rate to radical treatment. Early signals on clinically relevant markers were found which warrant further investigation.


Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/terapia , Anciano , Estudios de Factibilidad , Humanos , Masculino , Motivación , Cooperación del Paciente , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/psicología , Riesgo , Resultado del Tratamiento
5.
Vet J ; 204(1): 105-9, 2015 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25744799

RESUMEN

Ruminal pH and serum concentrations of haptoglobin (Hp) were measured in order to assess the risk of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in grazing cows offered rolled wheat grain twice daily in the dairy at milking (Control group; n= 64), or as a partial mixed ration (PMR group; n= 64) on a feedpad. Cows were allocated various levels of the supplement (8, 10, 12 or 14 kg dry matter/day). Ruminal pH was measured in 16 rumen-fistulated cows (eight PMR and eight Control group cows), using indwelling pH meters, recording every 10 min for 14 days. Serum Hp was analysed in samples collected from 125 cows. No differences in ruminal pH or serum Hp concentration were found between treatment groups, or levels of feeding. It was concluded that, using ruminal pH patterns and Hp as markers of SARA at the feeding levels used in this study, there were no differences between grazing cows fed the supplement either as grain in the dairy or as a PMR fed on a feedpad.


Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal/análisis , Bovinos/fisiología , Suplementos Dietéticos , Haptoglobinas/metabolismo , Rumen/fisiología , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Biomarcadores , Bovinos/sangre , Dieta/veterinaria , Grano Comestible , Femenino , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Lactancia , Rumen/química
6.
J Dairy Sci ; 97(6): 3578-88, 2014.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24746131

RESUMEN

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate how feeding space allowance and provision of feed barriers interact to affect feeding and social behavior of dairy cows fed a partial mixed ration on a feed-pad. The treatments were factorial with 3 feeding space allowances (0.6, 0.75, or 1.0m of trough space per cow) and feed troughs that were either open or had head barriers that physically separated adjacent cows to reduce interactions during feeding. One hundred and forty-four Holstein-Friesian cows in mid lactation were allocated into 12 groups of 12 cows, with 1 of 6 treatments (3 × 2) randomly assigned to 2 groups out of 12. Treatments were changed weekly over 3 wk according to a row-column, crossover design, with week corresponding to rows and group corresponding to columns. Thus, the design included 2 replicated groups per treatment in each week. Grazed pasture intake was approximately 6.1 kg of dry matter (DM)/cow per day, supplemented with 3.5 kg of DM/cow per day of wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain fed during milking and 10.7 kg of DM/cow per day of a mixed ration offered on the feed-pad after each milking. The experiment comprised a 7-d pre-experimental period followed by a 21-d experimental period. The social hierarchy within each group was determined before the experiment commenced. Feeding and social behaviors of cows were analyzed using video recordings and the changes in heart rate and heart rate variability were determined using heart rate monitors. Data were analyzed using mixed effect models by REML. When feeding space allowance was increased, we observed an increase in the time a cow spent feeding and a decrease in the number of feeding bouts in relation to the total time feed was available, particularly in subordinate cows. The number of aggressive behaviors and displacements decreased when space allowance increased. In addition, HR was reduced and the reduction was more pronounced in subordinate cows compared with dominant cows. Use of feed barriers increased cow feeding time and decreased the number of feeding bouts in relation to the total time feed was available, particularly in subordinate cows, and reduced the number of cow displacements during feeding. We conclude that increasing the feeding space from 0.6 to 0.75 to 1.0m reduces aggressive interactions and improves cow feeding behavior, with the effects being greatest for subordinate cows. The use of feed barriers further reduces competition at the feed trough in a partial mixed ration feeding system.


Asunto(s)
Agresión , Conducta Animal , Industria Lechera/métodos , Herbivoria/fisiología , Conducta Social , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Bovinos , Estudios Cruzados , Dieta/veterinaria , Suplementos Dietéticos , Femenino , Lactancia , Lolium , Leche/metabolismo
7.
Clin Interv Aging ; 8: 239-56, 2013.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23460043

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Considerable controversy exists regarding the contribution of mineral/bone metabolism abnormalities to the association between cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and osteoporotic fractures. AIMS AND METHODS: To determine the relationships between mineral/bone metabolism biomarkers and CVD in 746 older patients with hip fracture, clinical data were recorded and serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, phosphate, magnesium, troponin I, parameters of bone turnover, and renal, liver, and thyroid functions were measured. RESULTS: CVDs were diagnosed in 472 (63.3%) patients. Vitamin D deficiency was similarly prevalent in patients with (78.0%) and without (82.1%) CVD. The CVD group had significantly higher mean PTH concentrations (7.6 vs 6.0 pmol/L, P < 0.001), a higher prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SPTH) (PTH > 6.8 pmol/L, 43.0% vs 23.3%, P < 0.001), and excess bone resorption (urinary deoxypyridinoline corrected by creatinine [DPD/Cr] > 7.5 nmol/µmol, 87.9% vs 74.8%, P < 0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, SHPT (odds ratio [OR] 2.6, P = 0.007) and high DPD/Cr (OR 2.8, P = 0.016) were independent indictors of CVD. Compared to those with both PTH and DPD/Cr in the normal range, multivariate-adjusted ORs for the presence of CVD were 17.3 (P = 0.004) in subjects with SHPT and 9.7 (P < 0.001) in patients with high DPD/Cr. CVD was an independent predicator of SHPT (OR 2.8, P = 0.007) and excess DPD/Cr (OR 2.5, P = 0.031). CVD was predictive of postoperative myocardial injury, while SHPT was also an independent predictor of prolonged hospital stay and in-hospital death. CONCLUSION: SHPT and excess bone resorption are independent pathophysiological mediators underlying the bidirectional associations between CVD and hip fracture, and therefore are important diagnostic and therapeutic targets.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Fracturas de Cadera/epidemiología , Fracturas Osteoporóticas/epidemiología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores , Huesos/metabolismo , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Comorbilidad , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Eleutherococcus , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Fracturas de Cadera/sangre , Humanos , Minerales/metabolismo , Fracturas Osteoporóticas/sangre , Hormona Paratiroidea/sangre , Análisis de Regresión , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Vitamina D/sangre
8.
Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther ; 48(12): 860-7, 2010 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21084042

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Fentanyl pectin nasal spray (FPNS) is formulated as a solution utilizing PecSys®; pectin based enabling technology (Archimedes). On contact with the nasal mucosa the formulation will gel and modulate fentanyl absorption while limiting nasal drip or runoff. This single-dose volunteer study compared the pharmacokinetics of FPNS 100, 200, 400, and 800 µg doses and assessed bioavailability relative to oral transmucosal fentanyl (OTFC) 200 µg. Safety and dose proportionality were also examined. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 16, opioid-naïve subjects were dosed on five separate visits under naltrexone block. FPNS doses were administered using a Pfeiffer device delivering 100 µl. Devices were filled with either 1.57 mg/ml (100 and 200 µg dosing) or 6.28 mg/ml fentanyl citrate (400 and 800 µg). Venous blood samples were collected up to 48 h after dosing and plasma fentanyl concentrations measured. RESULTS: Median tmax values for FPNS ranged from 15 to 21 min post-dose and were dose-independent. At 200 µg Cmax values were 2.3-fold higher for FPNS compared with OTFC. Mean relative bioavailability of FPNS to OTFC ranged from 103% to 163%. Dose proportionality for Cmax and AUC0-1 across the FPNS range was statistically confirmed. Drug absorption also increased in a close to dose-proportional manner for AUC0-inf. CONCLUSIONS: FPNS has a shorter tmax, higher Cmax and greater bioavailability than OTFC and is well tolerated. The dose proportionality of Cmax and AUC0-1 was demonstrated. It is concluded that the pharmacokinetic profile of FPNS suggests this product is suitable for clinical investigation in breakthrough pain in cancer patients.


Asunto(s)
Analgésicos Opioides/farmacocinética , Fentanilo/farmacocinética , Pectinas/farmacocinética , Adulto , Área Bajo la Curva , Disponibilidad Biológica , Estudios Cruzados , Femenino , Fentanilo/administración & dosificación , Fentanilo/efectos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Rociadores Nasales , Pectinas/administración & dosificación
9.
Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther ; 48(2): 138-45, 2010 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20137766

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To optimize the absorption profile and reduce C(max), three new fentanyl nasal spray formulations have been developed: fentanyl pectin (FPNS), fentanyl chitosan (FChNS) and fentanyl in chitosan-poloxamer 188 (FChPNS). The venous pharmacokinetic profiles and tolerability of these formulations were assessed and compared with oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) lozenge. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This randomized, open-label, crossover study was conducted in opioid-naïve, healthy adult volunteers. Subjects were dosed under naltrexone blockade on four occasions with three nasal sprays (100 microg in 100 microl) and OTFC 200 microg. Fentanyl venous plasma concentrations were measured up to 24 h post-dose. Tolerability was assessed by clinical nasal assessments and a nasal reactogenicity questionnaire. RESULTS: 18 subjects were enrolled and completed the study. The mean dose-normalized AUC(0-infinity) for each nasal formulation was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared with OTFC. Bioavailability compared with OTFC was significantly greater for all nasal fentanyl formulations (FPNS 132.4%, FChNS 154.1%, FChPNS 122.3%). Median tmax (FPNS 0.33 h, FChNS 0.17 h, FChPNS 0.26 h) were significantly (p < 0.001) reduced (OTFC 1.5 h) and mean C(max) significantly increased with all nasal formulations compared with OTFC. Nasal reactogenicity symptom incidence was lowest for the FPNS formulation (FPNS 2, FChNS 28 and FChPNS 45). CONCLUSIONS: All nasal formulations demonstrated significantly increased systemic exposure and reduced times to peak plasma values compared with OTFC. The FPNS formulation exhibited the most favorable nasal and general tolerability profiles. It appears suitable for further investigation in breakthrough cancer pain management.


Asunto(s)
Analgésicos Opioides/farmacocinética , Excipientes/química , Fentanilo/farmacocinética , Administración Intranasal , Adulto , Analgésicos Opioides/administración & dosificación , Analgésicos Opioides/efectos adversos , Área Bajo la Curva , Disponibilidad Biológica , Quitosano/química , Estudios Cruzados , Femenino , Fentanilo/administración & dosificación , Fentanilo/efectos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pectinas/química , Poloxámero/química , Adulto Joven
10.
Meat Sci ; 66(1): 21-32, 2004 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22063928

RESUMEN

Interest in meat fatty acid composition stems mainly from the need to find ways to produce healthier meat, i.e. with a higher ratio of polyunsaturated (PUFA) to saturated fatty acids and a more favourable balance between n-6 and n-3 PUFA. In pigs, the drive has been to increase n-3 PUFA in meat and this can be achieved by feeding sources such as linseed in the diet. Only when concentrations of α-linolenic acid (18:3) approach 3% of neutral lipids or phospholipids are there any adverse effects on meat quality, defined in terms of shelf life (lipid and myoglobin oxidation) and flavour. Ruminant meats are a relatively good source of n-3 PUFA due to the presence of 18:3 in grass. Further increases can be achieved with animals fed grain-based diets by including whole linseed or linseed oil, especially if this is "protected" from rumen biohydrogenation. Long-chain (C20-C22) n-3 PUFA are synthesised from 18:3 in the animal although docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6) is not increased when diets are supplemented with 18:3. DHA can be increased by feeding sources such as fish oil although too-high levels cause adverse flavour and colour changes. Grass-fed beef and lamb have naturally high levels of 18:3 and long chain n-3 PUFA. These impact on flavour to produce a 'grass fed' taste in which other components of grass are also involved. Grazing also provides antioxidants including vitamin E which maintain PUFA levels in meat and prevent quality deterioration during processing and display. In pork, beef and lamb the melting point of lipid and the firmness/hardness of carcass fat is closely related to the concentration of stearic acid (18:0).

11.
Environ Technol ; 24(4): 399-409, 2003 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12755441

RESUMEN

Air dispersion modeling over coastal regions has proven to be a remarkable challenge in the field of air quality. Many conventional plume dispersion models, such as ISC2 and HYSPLIT, are unable to model such dispersion with the precision that is necessary to accurately predict ground-level concentrations in coastal areas. Considering this, the present work was carried out with two primary objectives: i) to evaluate the effectiveness of currently available mathematical models in predicting plume dispersion over a coastal region and ii) to study the impact of sulfur dioxide emissions from a petroleum refinery over a different community located in the adjacent area. This study demonstrates that CALPUFF predictions are more reliable compared to those of the other models studied, however the operation of CALPUFF is highly data intensive and in many instances, it is difficult to obtain all required input data. This is a particular problem for regions outside ofthe United States of America where sufficient data is difficult to obtain. In addition, the study concluded that the predicted annual average SO2 concentrations in the nearby communities are well within regulatory limits.


Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Modelos Teóricos , Dióxido de Azufre/análisis , Movimientos del Aire , Predicción , Residuos Industriales , Petróleo
12.
Br J Nutr ; 88(6): 697-709, 2002 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12493092

RESUMEN

Seventy-two 8-week-old ram lambs from three breeds, Suffolk, Soay and Friesland, were offered one of four diets based on dried grass and formulated to have a similar fatty acid content (60 g/kg DM) and containing: Megalac (high in 16 : 0, control; Volac Ltd, Royston, Herts., UK), whole linseed (18 : 3n-3), fish oil (20 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3) or whole linseed plus fish oil. The lambs were slaughtered at approximately half of their mature live weight (43, 21 and 43 kg for Suffolk, Soay and Friesland lambs, respectively). Fish oil reduced DM intake and lamb live-weight gain (P<0.001), while DM intake, live-weight gain and subcutaneous fat content were highest in Suffolk and lowest in Soay lambs. Linseed feeding doubled the proportion (x100) of 18 : 3n-3 in the longissimus dorsi from 1.4 to 3.1 and in the subcutaneous adipose tissue from 1.2 to 2.6 (P<0.001). Suffolk and particularly Soay lambs contained higher proportions of 18 : 3n-3 than Friesland lambs in the longissimus dorsi, while in the adipose tissue, Suffolk lambs had the highest level. Feeding fish oil increased the muscle proportion (x100) of 20 : 5n-3 from 0.7 to 2.3 and 22 : 6n-3 from 0.3 to 0.8 (P<0.001). By contrast, the proportions of the longer-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were similar across all three breeds. All three lipid supplements containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased the content of muscle trans-18 : 1 relative to the control values, but conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9,trans-11-18 : 2) only increased in the muscle of lambs fed linseed. Feeding linseed or fish oil lowered the n-6 : n-3 ratio in sheep meat, but neither diet nor breed had much effect on the polyunsaturated fatty acid: saturated fatty acid ratio.


Asunto(s)
Cruzamiento , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Carne/análisis , Ovinos , Tejido Adiposo/química , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Composición Corporal , Ingestión de Energía , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/análisis , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Ácido Linoleico/análisis , Aceite de Linaza/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Aumento de Peso
13.
J Environ Monit ; 3(4): 352-60, 2001 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11523433

RESUMEN

A simple transformation that uses the half-range and central value has been used as a data pre-treatment procedure for principal component analysis (PCA) and pattern recognition techniques. The results obtained have been compared with the results from classical normalisation of data (mean normalisation, maximum normalisation and range normalisation), autoscaling and the minimum-maximum transformation. Three data sets were used in the study. The first was formed by determining 17 elements in 53 tea samples (901 pieces of data). The second and third data sets arose from two long-term drift studies performed to examine instrumental stability at standard and robust conditions. The instruments used were an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Each drift diagnosis experiment consisted of replicate determinations of a test solution containing 15 analytes at 10 mg l-1 over 8 h without recalibration. Twenty-nine emission lines were determined 99 times, thus, each data set was formed by 2881 pieces of data. Data pre-treatment was applied to the three data sets prior to the use of principal component analysis, cluster analysis, linear discrimination analysis and soft independent modelling of class analogy. The study revealed that the half-range and central value transformation resulted in a better classification of the tea samples than that achieved using the classical normalisation. The loadings in the PCA for the long-term stability study, under both standard and robust conditions, were found to be similar to the drift trends only when the minimum-maximum transformation and the mean or maximum normalizations were used as data pre-treatments.


Asunto(s)
Modelos Teóricos , Reconocimiento de Normas Patrones Automatizadas , Té/química , Humanos
14.
Br J Nutr ; 85(1): 115-24, 2001 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11227040

RESUMEN

Enhancing the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content of beef is important in view of the generally saturated nature of fatty acids in ruminant meats and the negative effect this can have on human health. This study examined the effects of different sources of dietary n-3 PUFA on the performance of steers and the fatty acid composition of m. longissimus thoracis muscle and associated subcutaneous adipose tissue. Animals were fed ad libitum on grass silage plus one of four concentrates (60:40 forage:concentrate on a DM basis) containing differing sources of lipid: Megalac (16:0), lightly bruised whole linseed (18:3n-3), fish oil (20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3) and a mixture of linseed and fish oil (1:1, on an oil basis). Diets were formulated so that total dietary oil intake was 6 %, approximately half of which was from the experimental test oil. Linseed feeding not only increased the levels of 18:3n-3 in muscle phospholipid from 9.5 to 19 mg/100 g muscle but also enhanced the synthesis of 20:5n-3, the level of which increased from 10 to 15 mg/100 g muscle. Linseed also increased the proportion of 18:3n-3 in muscle neutral lipid and in adipose tissue lipids by a factor of 1.64 and 1.75 respectively. Fish oil feeding doubled the proportion of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 in muscle phospholipids. The proportion of 18:1 trans in muscle neutral lipid was higher on the n-3 PUFA diets than the control diet, 0.04 and 0.02 respectively. Despite the implied modification to rumen metabolism, lipid source did not affect feed intake, growth rate, cold carcass weight or carcass fatness, but carcass conformation score was higher on fish oil treatments (P < 0.05). However, total muscle fatty acid content was not different between treatments and ranged from 3.5-4.3 % of tissue weight. The increase in n-3 PUFA in the meat produced by feeding linseed or fish oil lowered the n-6:n-3 ratio but had little effect on the P:S ratio.


Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo/química , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Bovinos/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/análisis , Músculo Esquelético/química , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Grasas Insaturadas en la Dieta/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Aceites de Pescado/metabolismo , Lino , Aceite de Linaza/metabolismo , Masculino , Carne/análisis , Estado Nutricional , Fosfolípidos/análisis
15.
Arch Ophthalmol ; 118(11): 1556-63, 2000 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11074813

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between vitamin supplement use and the 5-year incidence of nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataract in the Beaver Dam Eye Study cohort. DESIGN: The 5-year incidence of cataract, determined from slitlamp (nuclear cataract) and retroillumination (cortical and posterior subcapsular cataract) photographs, was assessed in a population-based cohort of persons participating in baseline (1988-1990) and follow-up (1993-1995) examinations. Detailed data regarding the type, dosage, and duration of supplement use were obtained by in-person interviews at follow-up. PARTICIPANTS: Residents of Beaver Dam, Wis, aged 43 to 86 years, were identified by private census. Of the 3684 participants in both baseline and follow-up examinations, 3089 were eligible for incident cataract analysis in the present study. RESULTS: Compared with nonusers, the 5-year risk for any cataract was 60% lower among persons who, at follow-up, reported the use of multivitamins or any supplement containing vitamin C or E for more than 10 years. Taking multivitamins for this duration lowered the risk for nuclear and cortical cataracts but not for posterior subcapsular cataracts (odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] = 0.6 [0.4-0.9], 0.4 [0.2-0.8], and 0.9 [0.5-1.9], respectively). Use of supplements for shorter periods was not associated with reduced risk for cataract. Measured differences in lifestyle between supplement users and nonusers did not influence these associations, nor did variations in diet as measured in a random subsample. CONCLUSIONS: These data add to a body of evidence suggesting lower risk for cataract among users of vitamin supplements and stronger associations with long-term use. However, the specific nutrients that are responsible cannot be ascertained at this time, and unmeasured lifestyle differences between supplement users and nonusers may explain these results. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:1556-1563


Asunto(s)
Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Catarata/epidemiología , Suplementos Dietéticos/estadística & datos numéricos , Vitamina E/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Catarata/etiología , Catarata/prevención & control , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Cristalino/efectos de los fármacos , Cristalino/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas Nutricionales , Factores de Riesgo , Wisconsin/epidemiología
16.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry ; 69(5): 687-9, 2000 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11032631

RESUMEN

A patient with multiple sclerosis is described who was treated for neurological symptoms thought to be a progression of his disease but subsequently found to be caused by lead poisoning secondary to the use of alternative medicine. His clinical signs improved with oral chelation therapy. Neurologists should consider asking about the use of complementary and alternative medicine before simply attributing symptoms and signs to exacerbation of multiple sclerosis.


Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Terapias Complementarias , Intoxicación del Sistema Nervioso por Plomo en Adultos/etiología , Esclerosis Múltiple/tratamiento farmacológico , Encéfalo/patología , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad
17.
Genes Dev ; 14(17): 2146-60, 2000 Sep 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10970879

RESUMEN

Ikaros is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that is essential for lymphocyte development. Little is known about the molecular function of Ikaros, although recent results have led to the hypothesis that it recruits genes destined for heritable inactivation to foci containing pericentromeric heterochromatin. To gain further insight into the functions of Ikaros, we have examined the mechanism by which it is targeted to centromeric foci. Efficient targeting of Ikaros was observed upon ectopic expression in 3T3 fibroblasts, demonstrating that lymphocyte-specific proteins and a lymphoid nuclear architecture are not required. Pericentromeric targeting did not result from an interaction with the Mi-2 remodeling factor, as only a small percentage of Mi-2 localized to centromeric foci in 3T3 cells. Rather, targeting was dependent on the amino-terminal DNA-binding zinc finger domain and carboxy-terminal dimerization domain of Ikaros. The carboxy-terminal domain was required only for homodimerization, as targeting was restored when this domain was replaced with a leucine zipper. Surprisingly, a detailed substitution mutant analysis of the amino-terminal domain revealed a close correlation between DNA-binding and pericentromeric targeting. These results show that DNA binding is essential for the pericentromeric localization of Ikaros, perhaps consistent with the presence of Ikaros binding sites within centromeric DNA repeats. Models for the function of Ikaros that are consistent with this targeting mechanism are discussed.


Asunto(s)
Adenosina Trifosfatasas , Centrómero/metabolismo , ADN Helicasas , Proteínas de Unión al ADN , ADN/metabolismo , Heterocromatina/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/biosíntesis , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Células 3T3 , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Autoantígenos/metabolismo , Secuencia de Bases , Sitios de Unión , Western Blotting , Línea Celular , ADN Complementario/metabolismo , Humanos , Factor de Transcripción Ikaros , Complejo Desacetilasa y Remodelación del Nucleosoma Mi-2 , Ratones , Microscopía Confocal , Microscopía Fluorescente , Modelos Biológicos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutagénesis Sitio-Dirigida , Unión Proteica , Isoformas de Proteínas , Estructura Secundaria de Proteína , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido Nucleico , Factores de Transcripción/química , Transducción Genética , Transfección , Dedos de Zinc
18.
Physiol Behav ; 70(1-2): 163-70, 2000.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10978492

RESUMEN

Homologs of human endogenous evoked potentials are known in several species of nonhuman primates, but the neurotransmitter substrates of these potentials remain uncertain. In particular, the role of central cholinergic and adrenergic systems is not yet clearly defined. We recorded cognitive evoked potentials from the scalp in four adult bonnet macaque monkeys during a passive version of the auditory oddball paradigm with unique novel stimuli under saline control conditions. In two subjects each, cognitive evoked potentials were also recorded following intramuscular administration of the m1 muscarinic agonist AF102B or of the alpha-2A noradrenergic agonist guanfacine. On saline, large positivities resembling the human P300 were recorded over midline sites in response to rare or novel auditory stimuli in all four monkeys. The amplitude of these positivities was sensitive to the delivery of fruit-juice reward in association with rare stimuli in three monkeys tested. At cognition-enhancing doses, AF102B enlarged the amplitude of P300-like positivities in both monkeys tested; guanfacine enlarged the amplitude of P300-like positivities in one of two monkeys tested. These results add to existing evidence of human-like endogenous late positivities in monkeys that are influenced by the cholinergic and adrenergic systems, and suggest a possible role of m1 muscarinic and alpha-2A noradrenergic receptor subtypes.


Asunto(s)
Agonistas Adrenérgicos/farmacología , Potenciales Relacionados con Evento P300/efectos de los fármacos , Agonistas Muscarínicos/farmacología , Tiofenos , Estimulación Acústica , Agonistas alfa-Adrenérgicos/farmacología , Animales , Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Electroencefalografía/efectos de los fármacos , Electrooculografía/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Guanfacina/farmacología , Macaca radiata , Quinuclidinas/farmacología , Recompensa
19.
Cancer Res ; 60(6): 1637-44, 2000 Mar 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10749134

RESUMEN

Oxidative stress associated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a transcriptional inducer of genes encoding stress proteins, including those belonging to the heat shock protein (hsp) family. The efficiency of PDT to function as a molecular switch by initiating expression of heterologous genes ligated to the human hsp promoter was examined in the present study. Selective and temporal reporter gene expression was documented after PDT in mouse radiation-induced fibrosarcoma cells stably transfected with recombinant vectors containing an hsp promoter ligated to either the lac-z or CAT reporter genes and in transfected radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors grown in C3H mice. Hyperthermia treatments were included as a positive control for all experiments. Expression vectors containing either human p53 or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha cDNA under the control of an hsp promoter were also constructed and evaluated. A p53 null and TNF-alpha-resistant human ovarian carcinoma (SKOV-3) cell line was stably transfected with either the p53 or TNF-alpha constructs. Inducible expression and function of p53 as well as inducible expression, secretion, and biological activity of TNF-alpha were documented after PDT or hyperthermia in transfected SKOV cells. These results demonstrate that PDT-mediated oxidative stress can function as a molecular switch for the selective and temporal expression of heterologous genes in tumor cells containing expression vectors under the control of an hsp promoter.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Choque Térmico/genética , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/uso terapéutico , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Animales , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cloranfenicol O-Acetiltransferasa/efectos de los fármacos , Cloranfenicol O-Acetiltransferasa/genética , Cloranfenicol O-Acetiltransferasa/metabolismo , Éter de Dihematoporfirina/uso terapéutico , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Humanos , Hipertermia Inducida , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C3H , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Porfirinas/uso terapéutico , Unión Proteica/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/metabolismo , Elementos de Respuesta , Temperatura , Células Tumorales Cultivadas/citología , Células Tumorales Cultivadas/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , beta-Galactosidasa/efectos de los fármacos , beta-Galactosidasa/genética , beta-Galactosidasa/metabolismo
20.
J Toxicol Clin Toxicol ; 38(1): 63-6, 2000.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10696928

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Herbal medicines may have significant adverse effects which are not suspected or recognized. CASE REPORT: A 34-year-old female developed severe nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, prolonged QTc, and episodes of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia following self-administration of a herbal remedy, Passiflora incarnata L., at therapeutic doses. The possible association of symptoms with passiflora was not recognized for several days. She required hospital admission for cardiac monitoring and intravenous fluid therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Passiflora incarnata was associated with significant adverse effects in this patient. It is important to ask specifically about the use of herbal medicines in patients with undiagnosed illnesses.


Asunto(s)
Plantas Medicinales/efectos adversos , Adulto , Electrocardiografía/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Harmina/efectos adversos , Harmina/análogos & derivados , Humanos , Náusea/inducido químicamente , Taquicardia Ventricular/inducido químicamente , Vómitos/inducido químicamente
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