Herbal Textual Research on Gei Herba and Its Pharmacological Effect on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Gei Herba is a traditional folk herbal medicine with a variety of functions such as replenishing Qi and invigorating spleen， tonifying blood and nourishing Yin， moistening lung and resolving phlegm， activating blood and alleviating edema， moving Qi， and activating blood. The reports about the pharmacological effects of this herbal medicine have been increasing in recent years. By reviewing the ancient and modern literature about Gei Herba， we systematically organized the name， original plants， nature， taste， and functions of this herbal medicine， and summarized the modern pharmacological studies and clinical applications of Gei Herba in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Gei Herba was first recorded in the name of "Dijiao" in the Geng Xin Yu Ce（《庚辛玉册》） written in the Ming Dynasty. It is derived from Geum japonicum var. chinense （Rosaceae） and sometimes confused with Adina rubella （Rubiaceae）. This medicine had numerous synonyms in the local materia medica books. Gei Herba is widely distributed and harvested in summer and autumn， with the dried whole grass used as medicine. The historical records of the nature， taste， meridian tropism， main functions， and indications of Gei Herba are not consistent. It is generally believed that Gei Herba is pungent， bitter， sweet， cool， and has tropism to the liver， spleen， and lung meridians. Based on the effects of tonifying Qi， activating blood， and nourishing Yin， modern pharmacological studies have reported that the extracts of Gei Herba and the tannin phenolic acid compounds and triterpenoids isolated from Gei Herba have therapeutic effects on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as hypertension， myocardial ischemia， cerebral ischemia， and vascular dementia. This study provides a reference for discovering the clinical advantages of Gei Herba and developing new drugs.

Clinicopathological features and prognosis analysis of the obstructive colorectal cancer / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To explore the clinicopathological features and prognosis of the obstructive colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 667 CRC patients who were admitted to the Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University between January 2013 and December 2015 were collected.The diagnosis and treatment of CRC patients were based on colon cancer and rectal cancer clinical practice guidelines in oncology(Version 2013) of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) cancer staging manual and the future of TNM.CRC and clinical staging were confirmed by colonoscopy,biopsy pathology and CT or MRI examination.Patients selected laparoscopic surgery or open surgery according to their conditions,and then selectively underwent postoperative adjuvant therapy based on the results of pathological examination.Observation indicators:(1) diagnosis and treatment;(2) clinicopathological features;(3) prognosis.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect postoperative overall and tumor-free survivals up to April,2017.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (x)±s and comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test.Count data were described as case and percentage,comparisons between groups were evaluated with the chi-square test.Ordinal data were analyzed using the nonparametric test.Results (1) Diagnosis and treatment:tumor locations of 677 patients:tumors located in the right hemicolon,left hemicolon and rectum were respectively detected in 213,312 and 142 patients.Preoperative clinical staging:3,47,300,298 and 19 patients were respectively detected in stage 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ.Ninety-nine patients were complicated with intestinal obstruction,with an obstructive rate of 14.84％ (99/667),and 568 patients didn't have intestinal obstruction.Treatments of 667 patients:① Preoperative adjuvant treatment:17 non-obstructive CRC patients underwent preoperative adjuvant treatments and 650 didn't undergo preoperative adjuvant treatment.② Surgical treatment:389 and 278 patients underwent respectively open and laparoscopic surgeries,and 588 received radical resection and 79 received non-radical resection.(2) Clinicopathological features:of 99 obstructive CRC patients,tumors located in the right hemicolon,left hemicolon and rectum were respectively detected in 26,61 and 12 patients.Eighteen and 81 patients underwent respectively laparoscopic and open surgeries,including 21 with low-differentiated tumors,61 with moderate-differentiated tumors and 17 with high-differentiated tumors;71 patients received radical resection,with a number of lymph node dissected of 12±9,and 37,20 and 14 were respectively detected in stage N0,N1 and N2.Of 568 non-obstructive CRC patients,tumors located in the right hemicolon,left hemicolon and rectum were respectively detected in 187,251 and 130 patients.Two hundred and sixty and 308 patients underwent respectively laparoscopic and open surgeries,including 38 with low-differentiated tumors,420 with moderate-differentiated tumors and 110 with high-differentiated tumors;517 patients received radical resection,with a number of lymph node dissected of 15±8,and 338,155 and 24 were respectively detected in stage N0,N1 and N2.There were statistically significant differences in above indicators between obstructive CRC and non-obstructive CRC patients(x2=11.234,46.505,30.088,Z=-2.782,t=2.942,Z=-2.892,P＜0.05).(3) Prognosis:of 667 patients,584 were followed up for 18-52 months,with a median time of 36 months,including 88 with obstructive CRC (1,5,23,28 and 31patients were respectively in stage 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ) and 469 with non-obstructive CRC (5,62,212,116 and 101 patients were respectively in stage 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ).During the follow-up,56 obstructive CRC patients survived,including 1 in stage 0,4 in stage Ⅰ,15 in stage Ⅱ,17 in stage Ⅲ and 19 in stage Ⅳ,with an overall survival rate of 63.64％ (56/88),and overall survival rates in stage 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were respectively 1/1,4/5,65.22％(15/23),60.71％(17/28) and 61.29％ (19/31);38 had tumor-free survival,including 1 in stage 0,4 in stage Ⅰ,15 in stage Ⅱ,13 in stage Ⅲ and 5 in stage Ⅳ,with a tumor-free survival rate of 43.18％(38/88),and tumor-free survival rates in stage 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were respectively 1/1,4/5,65.22％ (15/23),46.43％ (13/28),16.13％ (5/31).Four hundred and forty-three non-obstructive CRC patients survived,including 5 in stage 0,58 in stage Ⅰ,181 in stage Ⅱ,106 in stage Ⅲ and 93 in stage Ⅳ,with an overall survival rate of 89.31％(443/496),and overall survival rates in stage 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were respectively 5/5,93.55％ (58/62),85.38％ (181/212),91.38％ (106/116) and 92.08％ (93/101);384patients had tumor-free survival,including 5 in stage 0,52 in stage Ⅰ,166 in stage Ⅱ,94 in stage Ⅲ and 67 in stage Ⅳ,with a tumor-free survival rate of 77.42％ (384/496),and tumor-free survival rates in stage 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were respectively 5/5,83.87％ (52/62),78.30％ (166/212),81.03％ (94/116) and 66.34％ (67/101).There were statistically significant differences in overall survival rate and tumor-free survival rate between obstructive CRC and non-obstructive CRC patients (x2 =39.626,43.707,P＜ 0.05).The subgroup analysis:there were statistically significant differences in stage Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ overall survival rates between obstructive CRC and non-obstructive CRC patients (x2 =6.092,17.027,11.268,P＜0.05) and in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ tumor-free survival rates (x2 =14.148,24.116,P＜ 0.05).Conclusion The obstructive CRC commonly locates in the left hemicolon,with complex clinicopathological features and low-differentiated tumors,meanwhile,there are lower radical rate and poor prognosis.

From traditional population-based approach to individualized precision medicine: the interpretation of update on The AJCC Colorectal Cancer Staging System, Eighth Edition / 中华外科杂志

The eighth edition of cancer staging system published by AJCC will be implemented all over the world in January 1, 2018. In addition to strengthening the traditional TNM staging system, the introduction of new molecular markers, is a major advance in the eighth edition, and is expected to play a more valuable role in the"individualized" clinical practice. The most important update in the eighth edition of AJCC colorectal cancer staging system is"non-anatomic" prognostic and predictive evaluation system based on the molecular detection. The system is useful for better understanding the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, and guide clinicians to provide individualized treatment for the patients even in the same stage of colorectal cancer.

Study on absorption ingredients of yuanhuzhitong pill by everted intestinal sac method / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an everted intestinal sac method for determining absorption ingredients of yuanhuzhitong pill and study absorption characteristics of major chemical constituents of yuanhuzhitong pill.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The everted intestinal sac model was adopted. Intestinal sac fluid samples at different time points after administration of three concentrations of Yuanhuzhitong pill were collected and determined by HPLC. The accumulative absorbed doses of active constituents were calculated, while the proportion between samples of yuanhuzhitong pill and absorption ingredients was compared.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Eight ingredients of Yuanhuzhitong pill can be detected in intestinal sac, they are protopine, palmatine, coptisine, imperatorin, berberine, byakangelicin, alpha-allocryptopine and tetrahydropalmatine. The absorption rate constants (Ka) of eight constituents increased in jejunum and ileum with the increase in concentration of Yuanhuzhitong pill extracts (P < 0. 05), indicating a passive absorption.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As ingredients are selectively absorbed in intestinal sac, the everted intestinal sac method is selected to assess the intestinal absorption characteristics of ingredients of Yuanhuzhitong prescription.</p>

Advance of pharmacological studies on Valeriana jatamansi / 中国中药杂志

As a traditional Chinese medicine, Valeriana jatamansi has a long history of application in China. It is widely distributed and commonly adopted by many ethnic groups. In particular, its roots have a wide range of medicinal value. With the increasingly more attention on it from domestic and foreign researchers, there have been more and more studies on its pharmacological activity and mechanism. This essay summarizes domestic and foreign reports on its pharmacological activity and mechanism.

Study on feasibility of cutting process of fresh Angelica sinensis Radix / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study on the feasibility of cutting process of fresh Angelica sinensis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis methods were used to evaluate the quality of different cutting processed A. sinensis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The contents of ligustilide and ferulic acid in the fresh cutting processed were both lower than the traditional cutting process, and the similarity of fingerprints of two different cutting processed A. sinensis were basically above 90%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method of cutting process of fresh A. sinensis was not suitable apparently, and the effect on clinical application of these two different cutting processed A. sinensis need more study.</p>