Effects of Cultivation Methods on the Nutritional Content, Active Component Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Fruiting Bodies of Sanghuangporus baumii (Agaricomycetes).

To provide a scientific reference for improving the sawdust cultivation of Sanghuangporus baumii, comparative studies were conducted on the contents of nutritional components and active components and the antioxidant activity of the fruiting bodies of S. baumii cultivated with sawdust and cut logs. The results indicate that, first, cultivation methods had little effect on the contents of crude fat and the measured 16 kinds of amino acids [including total essential amino acids (EAA), total nonessential amino acids (NEAA), EAA/NEAA, and EAA/total amino acid (TAA)], but had a great influence on the contents of crude protein, crude fiber and TAA. These results suggest that the nutritional content under sawdust cultivation was significantly higher than that under cut-log cultivation. Second, the cultivation methods had little effect on the content of triterpenoids but had a great effect on the contents of polysaccharides, total flavonoids and total phenols, which showed that cut-log cultivation was significantly higher than sawdust cultivation. Third, the cultivation methods had a great effect on the antioxidant activities (ABTS and FRAP), which showed that cut-log cultivation was significantly higher than sawdust cultivation. The contents of polysaccharides, total flavonoids, and total phenols and the ABTS and FRAP activities using sawdust cultivation were lower than those using cut-log cultivation, which may be related to the mushroom strains, cultivation medium formula and cultivation technology. The results provide a solid basis for the improvement and promotion of new cultivation technologies for S. baumii.

Lycium ruthenicum extract alleviates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via enhancing the AMPK signaling pathway.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease that currently has no standard treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Lycium ruthenicum extract (LRE) on high­fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD, and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. To determine the hepatoprotective effect of LRE, C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal control diet, high­fat diet (HFD), HFD supplemented with 2 g/kg LRE, or HFD supplemented with 5 g/kg LRE. Treatment with LRE markedly decreased the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the serum of mice fed a HFD, and improved glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in NAFLD mice. In addition, treatment with LRE significantly decreased the expression levels of sterol regulatory element­binding protein 1c and fatty acid synthase, and markedly increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator­activated receptor α and peroxisome proliferator­activated receptor γ co­activator 1α. Furthermore, LRE treatment significantly increased the activation of adenosine monophosphate­activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the liver. These results suggested that LRE is able to suppress lipid accumulation in HFD­fed C57BL/6 mice via enhancement of the AMPK pathway.