RESUMEN
Phenolic compounds from plant sources have significant health-promoting properties and are known to be an integral part of folk and herbal medicines. Consumption of phenolics is known to alleviate the risk of various lifestyle diseases including cancer, cardiovascular, diabetes, and Alzheimer's. In this context, numerous plant crops have been explored and characterized based on phenolic compounds for their use as supplements, nutraceutical, and pharmaceuticals. The present review highlights some important source of bioactive phenolic compounds and novel technologies for their efficient extraction. These techniques include the use of microwave, ultrasound, and supercritical methods. Besides, the review will also highlight the use of response surface methodology (RSM) as a statistical tool for optimizing the recoveries of the phenolic bioactives from plant-based matrices.
Asunto(s)
Tecnología Química Verde , Extractos Vegetales/química , Plantas/química , Antocianinas/química , Antocianinas/aislamiento & purificación , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Microondas , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Plantas/metabolismo , Extracción en Fase SólidaRESUMEN
The goal of this work was to analyze nutritional value of various minimally processed commercial products of plant protein sources such as faba bean (Vicia faba), lupin (Lupinus angustifolius), rapeseed press cake (Brassica rapa/napus subsp. Oleifera), flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum), oil hemp seed (Cannabis sativa), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). Basic composition and various nutritional components like amino acids, sugars, minerals, and dietary fiber were determined. Nearly all the samples studied could be considered as good sources of essential amino acids, minerals and dietary fiber. The highest content of crude protein (over 30 g/100 g DW) was found in faba bean, blue lupin and rapeseed press cake. The total amount of essential amino acids (EAA) ranged from 25.8 g/16 g N in oil hemp hulls to 41.5 g/16 g N in pearled quinoa. All the samples studied have a nutritionally favorable composition with significant health benefit potential. Processing (dehulling or pearling) affected greatly to the contents of analyzed nutrients.
Asunto(s)
Aminoácidos Esenciales/análisis , Fibras de la Dieta/análisis , Magnoliopsida/química , Minerales/análisis , Valor Nutritivo , Proteínas de Plantas/análisis , Brassica rapa/química , Cannabis/química , Chenopodium quinoa/química , Proteínas en la Dieta/análisis , Fagopyrum/química , Lino/química , Lupinus/química , Vicia faba/químicaRESUMEN
Autolysis of protein isolates from vascular bundle and inner tuber tissues of potato (Solanum tuberosum) enhanced the inhibition of the angiotensin converting enzyme I (ACE), a biochemical factor affecting blood pressure (hypertension). The physiological age of the tuber affected the strength of ACE inhibition, the rate of its increase during autolysis, and the tuber tissue where ACE inhibition was most pronounced. The highest inhibitory activities (50% reduction in ACE activity achieved following autolysis at a protein concentration of 0.36 mg mL (-1)) were measured in tubers after 5-6 months of storage prior to sprouting. The rate of ACE inhibition was positively correlated with protease activity in tuber tissues. Amendment of the autolysis reaction with protein substrates from which bioactive ACE-inhibitory peptides may be released, for example, a purified recombinant protein or a concentrate of total tuber proteins, also enhanced ACE inhibition. Many tuber proteins including aspartic protease inhibitors were degraded during autolysis. The data provide indications of differences in the enzymatic activities confined to different parts of the potato tuber at different physiological stages. Results suggest that native enzymes and substrate proteins of potato tubers can be utilized in search of dietary tools to manage elevated blood pressure.