RESUMEN
The aim of this study is to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of Euphorbia supina (ES) ethanol extract in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis model. ES was per orally administered at different doses of 4 or 20 mg/kg body weight with 5% DSS in drinking water for 7 days. Twenty mg/kg of ES administration regulated body weight decrease, recovered colon length shortening, and increased disease activity index score and myeloperoxidase level in DSS-induced colitis. Histological features showed that 20 mg/kg of ES administration suppressed edema, mucosal damage, and the loss of crypts induced by DSS. Furthermore, ES suppressed the expressions of COX-2, iNOS, NF-kB, IkBα, pIkBα in colon tissue. These findings demonstrated a possible effect of amelioration of ulcerative colitis and could be clinically applied.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Sulfato de Dextran/efectos adversos , Euphorbia/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Colitis/metabolismo , Colitis/patología , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/metabolismo , Colon/patología , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Etanol/química , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/biosíntesis , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Células RAW 264.7 , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Vitis labrusca is a grapevine that has antioxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and anticarcinogenic activity. However, the antithrombotic effect of Vitis labrusca leaves on platelets is yet to be ascertained. We investigated the inhibitory effect of V. labrusca leaf extract (VLE) on platelet aggregation in vitro and ex vivo. The thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and serotonin concentrations were measured by ELISA. The flavonoids content was measured by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The antithrombotic activity of VLE was evaluated using various agonists in vitro. VLE strongly inhibited adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation. In rats, VLE treatment (100âmg/kg) reduced ADP-stimulated platelet aggregation, without affecting tail bleeding and coagulation time. Moreover, VLE significantly suppressed TXB2 and serotonin secretion. UPLC analysis indicated that VLE contains quercetin, isorhamnetin, and rutin. Our results indicate that VLE possesses antiplatelet activity via the suppression of TXB2 and serotonin, without affecting bleeding. Further, we identified the flavonoids present in VLE. Thus, VLE may be a potential agent for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Asunto(s)
Plaquetas/efectos de los fármacos , Flavonoides/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/farmacología , Agregación Plaquetaria/efectos de los fármacos , Vitis/química , Adenosina Difosfato/farmacología , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/química , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/aislamiento & purificación , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Serotonina/metabolismo , Tromboxano B2/antagonistas & inhibidores , Tromboxano B2/metabolismoRESUMEN
Obesity is a common disease worldwide that often results in serious conditions including hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Many herbal medicines have been examined with regard to ameliorating obesity. We investigated the anti-obesity effects of 50% EtOH extract of Triticum aestivum sprout (TAEE) in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. TAEE administration (10, 50, or 200 mg/kg) for 6 weeks significantly decreased the body weights, serum total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in HFD-fed mice. TAEE treatment reduced lipid accumulation in epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT) and liver. Moreover, TC and lipid levels were decreased by TAEE treatment in liver. Serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations were reduced by TAEE treatment. TAEE-treated mice showed decreases in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and fatty acid synthase expression in EWAT. Furthermore, TAEE administration elevated levels of PPARα protein in the liver of HFD-induced obese mice. These results suggest that TAEE supplementation might be beneficial for the treatment and prevention of obesity and related diseases.
Asunto(s)
Fármacos Antiobesidad/farmacología , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Triticum/química , Adiponectina/sangre , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Glucemia/análisis , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Leptina/sangre , Lípidos/sangre , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Obesidad/etiología , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/química , Triticum/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
Euphorbia maculata (EM) is a traditionally used antidiarrheal, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant agent. However, the effects of EM on platelet activity remain to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study investigated the antiplatelet effect of various EM extract fractions on platelet aggregation in rats. The antiplatelet activity of the EM fractions on collagen or adenosine diphosphate (ADP)induced platelet aggregation was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo. Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) formation, rattail bleeding time and coagulation time were also measured. Among the fractions, the chloroform fraction of EM (CFEM) significantly inhibited ADPinduced platelet aggregation in vitro. Furthermore, oral administration of 50 mg/kg CFEM to rats significantly reduced ADPinduced platelet aggregation without increasing the tail bleeding time or coagulation time. In addition, EM significantly inhibited the level of TXB2 formation in a dosedependent manner. These results suggest that CFEM exhibits antiplatelet activity, without causing bleeding, via the suppression of TXB2 formation. CFEM may be a type of food which has the potential for preventing cardiovascular disease.
Asunto(s)
Plaquetas/efectos de los fármacos , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Euphorbia/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/farmacología , Tromboxano B2/biosíntesis , Animales , Tiempo de Sangría , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Masculino , Agregación Plaquetaria/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Tiempo de Coagulación de la Sangre TotalRESUMEN
Bioassay-guided fractionation based on the anti-inflammatory activity of a methanol extract of Ficus microcarpa leaves led to the isolation of seven galactolipids: 2(S)-3-O-octadeca-9Z,12Z,15Z-trienoylglyceryl-O-ß-D-galactopyranoside (1), (2S)-2,3-O-dioctadeca-9Z,12Z,15Z-trienoylglyceryl-O-ß-D-galactopyranoside (2), (2S)-2,3-O-dioctadeca-9Z,12Z-dienoylglyceryl-O-ß-D-galactopyranoside (3), (2S)-3-O-octadeca-9Z,12Z,15Z-trienoylglyceryl-6'-O-(α-D-galactopyranosyl)-ß-D-galactopyranoside (4), (2S)-2,3-O-dioctadeca-9Z,12Z,15Z-trienoylglyceryl-6'-O-(α-D-galactopyranosyl)-ß-D-galactopyranoside (5), gingerglycolipid B (6), and (2S)-2,3-O-dioctadeca-9Z,12Z-dienoylglyceryl-6'-O-(α-D-galactopyranosyl)-ß-D-galactopyranoside (7). Their chemical structures were elucidated by mass, 1D-, and 2D-NMR spectroscopic methods as well as chemical methods. The antiinflammatory effect of these compounds on TNF-α induced IL-8 secretion in the HT-29 cell line was evaluated. All above galactolipids showed significant inhibition ranging 40% at a concentration of 50 µM. The results suggest that galactolipids from the leaves of F. microcarpa may be used as potent anti-inflammatory agents.
Asunto(s)
Ficus , Glucolípidos/fisiología , Interleucina-8/antagonistas & inhibidores , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/fisiología , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/fisiología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Glucolípidos/aislamiento & purificación , Células HT29 , Humanos , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Hojas de la Planta/química , Hojas de la Planta/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Kyungohkgo (KOG) is one of the most important formulas in traditional oriental medicine. We investigated the remedial effect of KOG on the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) in female NC/Nga mice. AD-like lesion was induced by the application of 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene on to the back skin repeatedly; KOG was administered orally (12.5 and 25.0 mg/kg) and topically (0.5 and 1.0 mg/mouse) to NC/Nga mice once a day for all through the period of this experiment and every mouse body weight was periodically taken. The effects of KOG on 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-treated NC/Nga mice were determined by measuring AD-like skin lesions, the infiltration of mast cells and serum immunoglobulin E concentration. After the KOG applications are over, the KOG groups had less skin lesions than the atopy one, their immunoglobulin E levels were significantly downregulated and the infiltration of mast cells in the dorsal skin were reduced. Our results suggest that KOG may be effective in alleviating the development of AD. The inhibition of AD in NC/Nga mice may be influenced by the prevention of mast cell activation.