Trauma-informed care education for midwives: Does education improve attitudes towards trauma-informed care?

INTRODUCTION: Continuing education is important to improve midwives' attitudes to trauma-informed care in addressing the needs of women during the perinatal period. This study aimed to evaluate if there was a significant difference in attitudes towards trauma-informed care between midwives who participated in a 2-day trauma-informed care education program and those who did not. METHOD: A static group comparison design was adopted with a convenience sample of midwives to analyse differences in attitudes towards trauma-informed care between midwives who received a 2-day TIC education (n = 19, intervention group) and their peers who did not receive the education (n = 18, comparison group). RESULTS: The results suggest that midwives who participated in a 2-day trauma-informed care education program had significantly higher scores for positive attitudes towards trauma-informed care compared to those who did not take part in the program and that this effect was sustained at 6 months. CONCLUSION: To minimise perinatal trauma for mothers and babies, midwives require specific trauma-informed care education. This study proposes that trauma-informed care education is a foundational pathway for implementing a trauma-informed care framework across a maternity service.

O cuidado das enfermeiras no parto e no nascimento após a inserção do projeto Apice On / Cuidado de enfermería durante el parto y el nacimiento tras la implementación del proyecto Apice On / Nursing care during childbirth after the insertion of the Apice On Project

Objetivo: descrever os saberes e cuidados realizados pelas enfermeiras no campo do parto e do nascimento, a partir da inserção do projeto "Aprimoramento e Inovação no Cuidado e Ensino em Obstetrícia e Neonatologia" (Apice On). Materiais e método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, com aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 13 enfermeiras atuantes em uma maternidade de risco habitual na região metropolitana II do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. As entrevistas foram transcritas e submetidas à análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Resultados: foram identificadas duas categorias temáticas: "Saberes do cotidiano da enfermeira no cuidado à mulher no processo do parto e do nascimento" e "Modo de cuidar da enfermeira à mulher no processo do parto e do nascimento após a inserção do Apice On". A sustentação de um cuidado contínuo, integral e embasado em evidências científicas valoriza a fisiologia da parturição, além de ser decisivo para as mudanças institucionais. Conclusões: as enfermeiras têm potencializado mudanças práticas no cotidiano da assistência na maternidade, influenciadas pelo compromisso de manter um cuidado centrado na mulher com aceno para as práticas interprofissionais.

Objetivo: describir los conocimientos y cuidados que practican los profesionales de enfermería durante el parto y el nacimiento tras la implementación del proyecto Perfeccionamiento e Innovación en el Cuidado y Enseñanza en Obstetricia y Neonatología (Apice On, en su sigla en portugués). Materiales y método: estudio descriptivo de abordaje cualitativo, con base en la aplicación de entrevistas semiestructuradas a 13 enfermeras que laboran en un área de maternidad de riesgo estándar en la II Región Metropolitana del Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Estas entrevistas fueron transcritas y sometidas a análisis de contenido en la modalidad temática. Resultados: se identificaron dos categorías temáticas: "Conocimiento cotidiano del enfermero en el cuidado de la mujer en el trabajo de parto y el alumbramiento" y "Enfoque del cuidado del enfermero a la mujer en proceso de parto y alumbramiento tras la implementación de Apice On". Se observa que una atención continua, integral y basada en evidencia científicas valoriza la fisiología del parto, además de ser determinante para la adopción de cambios a nivel institucional. Conclusiones: los profesionales de enfermería han potencializado cambios prácticos en el cuidado diario de la maternidad, influenciados por el compromiso de mantener un cuidado centrado en la mujer y la adopción de prácticas interprofesionales.

Objective: To describe the knowledge and care practices applied by nursing professionals during labor and birth after the insertion of the project Enhancement and Innovation in Care and Teaching of Obstetric and Neonatology (Apice On, in Portuguese). Materials and method: Descriptive study with a qualitative approach, based on semi-structured interviews with 13 nurses working at maternity hospital of usual risk at the II metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, which were transcript and submitted to content analysis under thematic modality. Results: Two thematic categories were identified: "Common knowledge by nurses in labor and delivery care towards women" and "Nursing care towards women in the process of labor and delivery after the insertion of Apice On". Findings show that a continuous and comprehensive care based on scientific evidence values the physiology of childbirth, being also decisive for institutional changes. Conclusions: Nursing professionals have promoted practical changes in daily maternity care, influenced and compromised to sustaining a woman-centered approach in health care and the adoption of interprofessional practices.

Superación del médico general para la atención integral a niños con necesidades educativas especiales / Knowledge improvement of the general practitioner for comprehensive care for children with special educational needs

Fundamento: la superación especializada del médico general integral debe de estar encaminada a elevar su nivel profesional en la atención primaria de salud, particularizando en las características individuales de cada paciente. Objetivo: diagnosticar el estado actual de preparación de los médicos generales de la atención primaria de salud en cuanto al conocimiento para brindar atención integral y especializada a los niños con necesidades educativas especiales, pertenecientes al Policlínico Universitario "Ignacio Agramonte", de Camagüey. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal entre los meses septiembre-diciembre de 2021. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción; y empíricos, revisión documental y cuestionario a los médicos que laboran en los consultorios médicos del área. Resultados: el diagnóstico realizado permitió identificar falencias en la formación profesional del médico general desde su programa de formación en la especialidad Medicina General Integral, las que dificultan el trabajo exitoso en cuanto a la atención integral a niños con necesidades especiales, en aras de promover su inclusión social y el beneficio de su desarrollo individual. Conclusiones: las deficiencias encontradas ratifican la necesidad de implementar una estrategia de superación en cuanto al tema para perfeccionar el distintivo trabajo comunitario del médico general integral.

Background: the specialized improvement of the comprehensive general practitioner must be aimed at raising their professional level in primary health care, particularizing the individual characteristics of each patient. Objective: to diagnose the current state of preparation of general practitioners in primary health care in terms of knowledge to provide comprehensive and specialized care to children with special educational needs, belonging to the "Ignacio Agramonte" University Polyclinic in Camagüey. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out between from September to December 2021. Theoretical methods were applied: historical-logical, analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction; and empirical ones, documentary review and questionnaire to the doctors who work in the doctor´s offices of the area. Results: the diagnosis made possible to identify shortcomings in the professional training of the general practitioner from his training program in the Comprehensive General Medicine specialty, which hinder successful work in terms of comprehensive care for children with special needs, in order to promote their social inclusion and the benefit of their individual development. Conclusions: the deficiencies found ratify the need to implement an improvement strategy regarding the subject to improve the distinctive community work of the comprehensive general practitioner.

Superación profesional sobre uso racional de medicamentos dirigida a los médicos generales integrales / Professional improvement on the rational use of medications intended comprehensive general practitioners

RESUMEN Fundamento: el vertiginoso avance de la industria farmacéutica exige al médico general integral un proceso de superación continuo que favorezca el uso racional de los medicamentos. Objetivo: caracterizar la superación de estos profesionales relacionada con el uso racional de medicamentos en la Facultad de Medicina 1 de Santiago de Cuba. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en el que se analizaron las actividades de superación profesional de cinco cursos académicos desde el 2014 al 2019 a través de la revisión documental de los planes de superación profesional, así como los programas correspondientes. Resultados: las actividades relacionadas con el uso racional de medicamentos eran insuficientes y con tendencia a la disminución de un curso a otro; la forma de organización del posgrado más empleada fueron los cursos, seguidas de los talleres. Para incorporar los contenidos de uso racional de medicamentos se utilizaron, con más frecuencia, elementos de terapéutica de una enfermedad o grupo de estas así como la introducción de la medicina natural y tradicional. En las actividades se abordaron aspectos novedosos, pero no se hizo referencia a la terapéutica razonada. Conclusiones: se caracterizó la superación profesional para los médicos generales integrales relacionada con el uso racional de medicamentos la cual fue valorada como insuficiente por lo que urge retomar los aspectos que resultaron deficitarios en esta caracterización.

ABSTRACT Background: the vertiginous advance of the pharmaceutical industry demands from the comprehensive general practitioner a continuous improvement process that favors the rational use of medications. Objective: to characterize the improvement of these professionals related to the rational use of medications in the Faculty of Medicine 1 of Santiago de Cuba. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in which the professional improvement activities of five academic courses from 2014 to 2019 were analyzed through the documentary review of the professional improvement plans, as well as the corresponding programs. Results: the activities related to the rational use of medications were insufficient and tended to decrease from one course to another; the most used form of postgraduate organization were courses, followed by workshops. To incorporate the contents of rational use of medications, therapeutic elements of a disease or group of diseases were used, as well as the introduction of Herbal and Folk medicine. In the activities, novel aspects were addressed, but no reference was made to reasoned therapy. Conclusions: professional improvement for comprehensive general practitioners related to the rational use of medications was characterized, which was assessed as insufficient, so it is urgent to retake the aspects that were deficient in this characterization.

Using mindfulness to improve quality of life in caregivers of individuals with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorder.

OBJECTIVES: Caring for individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be gratifying as well as stressful. Professional staff employed as caregivers often report compromised mental and physical wellbeing due to the stressful nature of working with clients who exhibit aggressive and destructive behaviors. Prolonged work-related stress results in diminished quality of life for the caregivers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the comparative effects of three programs-mindfulness program, psychoeducational program, and inservice training-as-usual-on the quality of life of professional caregivers who provide services to adolescent and adult clients with ID and ASD. METHODS: Professional caregivers (N = 216) were randomized into three experimental conditions, and trained in mindfulness, psychoeducation, and inservice training-as-usual. The effects of the training on the caregivers' quality of life were assessed in terms of perceived stress, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue (i.e. burnout, secondary traumatic stress), and symptoms of depression at the end of 32 weeks of implementation. RESULTS: Perceived stress, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress decreased significantly in the mindfulness condition, followed by psychoeducation, but not in the inservice training-as-usual condition. Compassion satisfaction increased significantly in the mindfulness condition, followed by psychoeducation, but not in the inservice training-as-usual condition. Symptoms of depression, which were rated in the borderline clinical range prior to intervention, decreased significantly to within normal levels in the mindfulness condition, decreased minimally in the psychoeducation condition, and showed no change in the training-as usual condition. CONCLUSIONS: A 3-day training in mindfulness meditations and associated contemplative practices provides a better basis for enhancing caregivers' quality of life than psychoeducation or inservice training-as-usual.

Political and pedagogical projects of nursing residency to the elderly from Paulo Freire's perspective / Proyectos políticos y pedagógicos de residencia de enfermería al anciano en la perspectiva de Paulo Freire / Projetos políticos e pedagógicos de residência de enfermagem ao idoso na perspectiva freiriana

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze political and pedagogical projects of nursing residency to the elderly from Paulo Freire's perspective. Method: a descriptive, exploratory study, qualitative approach using documentary analysis. Data source was pedagogical political projects of nursing residency programs in the health of the elderly. The data were collected between March and May 2017. Data analysis was based on Bardin's Thematic Analysis. It had as analytical categories specific dimensions of the proposed theoretical framework. Results: twelve pedagogical political projects showed that learning dimensions appear in an incipient, fragmented way, demonstrating the reproduction of banking education, disregarding the importance of bringing the student as a subject of learning. Conclusion: there is a gap in pedagogical political projects from Paulo Freire's perspective. It is necessary that regulatory institutions can systematize and encourage so that pedagogical projects of these programs are based on Paulo Freire's epistemological bases, enabling the so desired holistic training.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los proyectos políticos y pedagógicos de residencia de enfermería en el anciano en la perspectiva de Paulo Freire. Método: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, enfoque cualitativo utilizando el análisis documental. La fuente de datos fueron los proyectos políticos pedagógicos de programas de residencia de enfermería en salud del anciano. Los datos fueron recolectados entre marzo y mayo de 2017. El análisis de los datos fue a partir del Análisis Temático de Bardin, teniendo como categorías analíticas dimensiones propias del referencial teórico propuesto. Resultados: doce proyectos políticos pedagógicos mostraron que las dimensiones de aprendizaje aparecen de manera insípida, fragmentada, demostrando la reproducción de la educación bancaria, desconsiderando la importancia de traer al educando como sujeto del aprendizaje. Conclusión: hay una laguna en los proyectos políticos pedagógicos en la perspectiva de Paulo Freire. Es necesario que las instituciones reguladoras puedan sistematizar y estimular para que los proyectos pedagógicos de estos programas sean pautados en las bases epistemológicas de Paulo Freire, posibilitando la tan deseada formación holística.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar os projetos políticos e pedagógicos de residência de enfermagem ao idoso, na perspectiva Freiriana. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, abordagem qualitativa utilizando a análise documental. A fonte de dados foram os projetos políticos pedagógicos de programas de residência de enfermagem em saúde do idoso. Os dados foram coletados entre março e maio de 2017. A análise dos dados foi a partir da Análise Temática de Bardin, tendo como categorias analíticas dimensões próprias do referencial teórico proposto. Resultados: doze projetos políticos pedagógicos mostraram que as dimensões de aprendizagem aparecem de maneira insipiente, fragmentada, demonstrando a reprodução da educação bancária, desconsiderando a importância de trazer o educando como sujeito do aprendizado. Conclusão: há uma lacuna nos projetos políticos pedagógicos na perspectiva Freiriana. É necessário que as instituições reguladoras possam sistematizar e estimular para que os projetos pedagógicos destes programas sejam pautados nas bases epistemológicas Freirianas, possibilitando a tão desejada formação holística.

Evaluation of effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing training based on Kirkpatrick's model / 中华护理杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) nursing training based on Kirkpatrick's model relying on TCM hospitals.Methods Totally 77 clinical nurses from 50 medical institutions in Hangzhou were enrolled for TCM training.The four levels of Kirkpatrick's model including reaction,learning,behavior and results were applied for the evaluation together with questionnaires,paper-based exams,scene simulation method and semi-structured interviews.Results Nurses' attendance was over 85％,and average score of training satisfaction was 96.32±5.91 which lied between highly satisfied and very satisfied.TCM knowledge and skills were higher after training(P＜0.05).The scores of self-evaluation and peer evaluation were higher after training(P＜0.05).The numbers of projectsand personnel to practice TCM in the department or outpatient clinic were higher after training (P＜0.05).The patient satisfaction was over 82％.The themes of training benefits among nurses were reaching the expected values,growth and harvest,and expectation of continuous learning.Conclusion Using Kirkpatrick's model as the evaluation tool can evaluate the effects of TCM nursing training relying on TCM hospitals in a comprehensive and long-term manner,and improve the quality of training.

The training of position transfer technique and evaluation of effects / 中华护理杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of training of Bobath position transfer technique for nurses.Methods Thirty nurses were recruited in the study using convenience sampling and received training of Bobath transfer technique.Five variables were evaluated before and after training:transfer skills,transfer intensity,sense of comfort,and sense of comfort and sense of security from simulated patients.Results Nurses' transfer skills and sense of comfort were higher after training (P＜0.05).Transfer intensity was lower than before (P＜0.05).Sense of comfort and sense of security from simulated patients were improved after the training (P＜0.05).Conclusion Training of Bobath transfer technique can improve nurses' transfer skills and promote sense of comfort and sense of security from simulated patients.

Avaliação das capacitações de hanseníase: opinião de médicos e enfermeiros das equipes de saúde da família / Evaluación de las capacitaciones de Hanseníasis: la visión de médicos y enfermeros de los equipos de salud de la familia / Evaluation of training programs in Hansen's Disease: opinion of physicians and nurses of family health teams

A hanseníase é uma doença milenar, infectocontagiosa, causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae; manifesta-se em células cutâneas e nervos periféricos. Na década de 1990, as ações de controle foram descentralizadas, passando do estado para o município. Um estado do nordeste brasileiro elaborou, então, uma série de treinamentos em hanseníase para capacitar os profissionais da rede básica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar esses treinamentos a partir da opinião de médicos e enfermeiros das equipes de saúde da família. Os resultados indicam que os profissionais avaliaram os treinamentos positivamente quanto à sua implementação e ao objetivo de capacitá-los para a detecção da doença. Conclui-se que os treinamentos precisam ser continuados e lançam-se algumas reflexões para os próximos.

Hansen's Disease is a contagious, milenar disease caused by the Mycobacterium leprae that manifests itself in the cutaneal cells and the peripheral nerves. In the decade of 1990, the control for the disease was descentralized from the state to the municipality level. A northeastern state in Brazil implemented a series of training programs for health professionals in primary attention. The objective of this study was to evaluate these training programs, based on the opinions of the physicians and nurses in the family health teams. The results indicate that the professionals evaluated the training program positively as to its implementation and the achievement of its objective. It is concluded that the training programs need to continue with changes that can contribute to future programs.

La Lepra es una enfermedad milenaria, infectocontagiosa, provocada por el Mycobacterium leprae; se manifiesta en células cutáneas y nervios periféricos. En la década del 1990, las acciones de control fueron descentralizadas, pasando de la provincia para el municipio. Una provincia del nordeste brasileño elaboró, entonces, una serie de entrenamientos en hanseniasis para capacitar a los profesionales de la red básica. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar esos entrenamientos, a partir de la opinión de médicos y enfermeros de los equipos de salud de la familia. Los resultados indican que los profesionales evaluaron los entrenamientos positivamente en cuanto a su implementación y el objetivo de capacitarlos para la detección de la enfermedad. Se concluye que los entrenamientos necesitan ser continuados y se lanzan algunas reflexiones para los próximos.

Percepção e avaliação dos alunos do curso de medicina de uma escola médica pública sobre a importância do estágio em saúde da família na sua formação / The importance of the family medicine experience from the viewpoint of students of a public medical school

Na Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), o ensino da Atenção Primária (AP) com enfoque em medicina de família no primeiro ano de internato se iniciou em 1997. A estratégia de ensino consiste em inserir o aluno em equipes de saúde da família para vivenciar as práticas na realidade do Sistema Único de Saúde. As práticas programadas foram consulta médica individual, seguimento de famílias, visitas domiciliares, atividades de grupos e discussões de casos individuais e de famílias. Foram enfatizadas a prevenção de doenças e a promoção da saúde, bem como a vivência com o usuário, buscando-se a assistência integral. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a contribuição do estágio no Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) para a formação dos alunos do quinto ano do curso de Medicina da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), em AP, tendo 103 alunos respondido a um questionário estruturado aplicado antes e depois do estágio. Segundo o aluno, o estágio contribuiu de forma positiva para a sua formação, principalmente nos aspectos de integração com a equipe de saúde, humanização e visão dos principais princípios da saúde da família e da AP, tais como trabalho em equipe, longitudinalidade, acessibilidade e atuação na prevenção. Após o estágio, o aluno passou a dar mais importância aos aspectos sociais e econômicos do paciente e a avaliá-lo como um ser biopsicossocial.

Primary Care (PC) centered on family medicine started to be taught at the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University (FMRP-USP), in 1997. The teaching strategy consists in introducing students into Family Health teams, where they are encouraged to participate in the routine Family Practice, taking part in group activities, team meetings, household visits, and discussions of individual and family cases. Disease prevention, health promotion and the relationship with the user of the care delivery system are emphasized in an effort to deliver comprehensive care. The objective of this study was to evaluate to which extent, in the viewpoint of 5th year medical students of FMRP-USP, the Family health experience contributed to their Primary Care training. A structured questionnaire was applied to 103 students before and after the training. The training contributed positively to the education of the students, especially as refers to the aspects integration with the health team, patient-centeredness, and awareness of the main principles of family medicine such as team work, long-term care, accessibility and preventive care. After the training the students passed do give more importance to the social and economic aspects of the individual and to see the patient as bio-psychosocial being.