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1.
Environ Microbiol ; 15(10): 2787-98, 2013 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23648052

RESUMEN

The number of outbreaks of food-borne illness associated with consumption of fresh products has increased. A recent and noteworthy outbreak occurred in 2007. Basil contaminated with Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg was the source of this outbreak. Since basil produces high levels of antibacterial compounds the aim of this study was to investigate if the emerging outbreak reflects ecological changes that occurred as a result of development of resistance to ingredients of the basil oil. We irrigated basil plants with contaminated water containing two Salmonella serovars, Typhimurium and Senftenberg, and showed that Salmonella can survive on the basil plants for at least 100 days. S. Senftenberg counts in the phyllosphere were significantly higher than S. Typhimurium, moreover, S. Senftenberg was able to grow on stored harvested basil leaves. Susceptibility experiments demonstrated that S. Senftenberg is more resistant to basil oil and to its antimicrobial constituents: linalool, estragole and eugenol. This may indicate that S. Senftenberg had adapted to the basil environment by developing resistance to the basil oil. The emergence of resistant pathogens has a significant potential to change the ecology, and opens the way for pathogens to survive in new niches in the environment such as basil and other plants.


Asunto(s)
Viabilidad Microbiana/efectos de los fármacos , Ocimum basilicum/microbiología , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Salmonella enterica/efectos de los fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/efectos de los fármacos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Ocimum , Hojas de la Planta/microbiología , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Semillas/microbiología , Factores de Tiempo
2.
Adv Exp Med Biol ; 698: 167-84, 2010.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21520711

RESUMEN

Hairy roots (HRs) are differentiated cultures of transformed roots generated by the infection of wounded higher plants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. This pathogen causes the HR disease leading to the neoplastic growth of roots that are characterized by high growth rate in hormone free media and genetic stability. HRs produce the same phytochemicals pattern of the corresponding wild type organ. High stability and productivity features allow the exploitation of HRs as valuable biotechnological tool for the production of plant secondary metabolites. In addition, several elicitation methods can be used to further enhance their accumulation in both small and large scale production. However, in the latter case, cultivation in bioreactors should be still optimized. HRs can be also utilised as biological farm for the production of recombinant proteins, hence holding additional potential for industrial use. HR technology has been strongly improved by increased knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying their development. The present review summarizes updated aspects of the hairy root induction, genetics and metabolite production.


Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/microbiología , Rhizobium/patogenicidad , Células Cultivadas , Suplementos Dietéticos , Echinacea/anatomía & histología , Echinacea/metabolismo , Echinacea/microbiología , Mentha/anatomía & histología , Mentha/metabolismo , Mentha/microbiología , Ocimum basilicum/anatomía & histología , Ocimum basilicum/metabolismo , Ocimum basilicum/microbiología , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta , Panax/anatomía & histología , Panax/metabolismo , Panax/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Raíces de Plantas/citología , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/metabolismo , Rhizobium/genética , Salvia/anatomía & histología , Salvia/metabolismo , Salvia/microbiología
3.
Mycorrhiza ; 17(4): 291-297, 2007 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17273856

RESUMEN

The potential of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to enhance the production of antioxidants (rosmarinic and caffeic acids, RA and CA) was investigated in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum). After adjusting phosphorus (P) nutrition so that P concentrations and yield were matched in AM and non-mycorrhizal (NM) plants we demonstrated that Glomus caledonium increased RA and CA production in the shoots. Glomus mosseae also increased shoot CA concentration in basil under similar conditions. Although higher P amendments to NM plants increased RA and CA concentrations, there was higher production of RA and CA in the shoots of AM plants, which was not solely due to better P nutrition. Therefore, AMF potentially represent an alternative way of promoting growth of this important medicinal herb, as natural ways of growing such crops are currently highly sought after in the herbal industry.


Asunto(s)
Ácidos Cafeicos/metabolismo , Cinamatos/metabolismo , Depsidos/metabolismo , Micorrizas/fisiología , Ocimum basilicum/microbiología , Jardinería/métodos , Ocimum basilicum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ocimum basilicum/metabolismo , Plantones/metabolismo , Ácido Rosmarínico
4.
Mycorrhiza ; 16(7): 485-494, 2006 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16896796

RESUMEN

The essential oils of basil are widely used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food, and flavoring industries. Little is known about the potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to affect their production in this aromatic plant. The effects of colonization by three AM fungi, Glomus mosseae BEG 12, Gigaspora margarita BEG 34, and Gigaspora rosea BEG 9 on shoot and root biomass, abundance of glandular hairs, and essential oil yield of Ocimum basilicum L. var. Genovese were studied. Plant P content was analyzed in the various treatments and no differences were observed. The AM fungi induced various modifications in the considered parameters, but only Gi. rosea significantly affected all of them in comparison to control plants or the other fungal treatments. It significantly increased biomass, root branching and length, and the total amount of essential oil (especially alpha-terpineol). Increased oil yield was associated to a significantly larger number of peltate glandular trichomes (main sites of essential oil synthesis) in the basal and central leaf zones. Furthermore, Gi. margarita and Gi. rosea increased the percentage of eugenol and reduced linalool yield. Results showed that different fungi can induce different effects in the same plant and that the essential oil yield can be modulated according to the colonizing AM fungus.


Asunto(s)
Micorrizas/metabolismo , Ocimum basilicum/metabolismo , Ocimum basilicum/microbiología , Aceites Volátiles/metabolismo , Aceites de Plantas/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/microbiología , Hojas de la Planta/ultraestructura
5.
J Food Prot ; 69(8): 1997-2001, 2006 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16924931

RESUMEN

The fates of seeded Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on selected fresh culinary herbs were evaluated at a refrigerated temperature (4 degrees C). Fresh herbs, including cilantro, oregano, basil, chive, parsley, and rosemary, were inoculated with six-strain mixtures of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella, and the microbial populations were monitored at 1, 5, 11, 16, 19, and 24 days. For both pathogens, a significant decrease in the population (P < 0.0001) occurred within the first 5 days of storage (< 0.8 log). Both pathogens remained the highest on cilantro and the lowest on rosemary (P < 0.0001). Storage time had a significant effect on the survival of E. coli O157:H7; populations declined as storage time progressed. Although storage of cilantro, basil, and chive was terminated after 19 days because of deteriorated quality, significant numbers of both pathogens were recovered from the remaining fresh herbs after 24 days of storage. The results showed that both bacteria were extremely persistent on all test herbs under the test conditions. The results also reinforce the concept that, once contaminated, bacterial pathogens can persist on fresh herbs throughout a normal distribution time.


Asunto(s)
Escherichia coli O157/crecimiento & desarrollo , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Microbiología de Alimentos , Salmonella/crecimiento & desarrollo , Especias/microbiología , Cebollino/microbiología , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor , Coriandrum/microbiología , Humanos , Ocimum basilicum/microbiología , Origanum/microbiología , Petroselinum/microbiología , Preparaciones de Plantas , Rosmarinus/microbiología , Temperatura , Factores de Tiempo
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