RESUMO
SCOPE: Maple syrup contains various polyphenols and we investigated the effects of a polyphenol-rich maple syrup extract (MSXH) on the physiology of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS AND RESULTS: The mice fed a low-fat diet (LFD), an HFD, or an HFD supplemented with 0.02% (002MSXH) or 0.05% MSXH (005MSXH) for 4 weeks. Global gene expression analysis of the liver was performed, and the differentially expressed genes were classified into three expression patterns; pattern A (LFD < HFD > 002MSXH = 005MSXH, LFD > HFD < 002MSXH = 005MSXH), pattern B (LFD < HFD = 002MSXH > 005MSXH, LFD > HFD = 002MSXH < 005MSXH), and pattern C (LFD < HFD > 002MSXH < 005MSXH, LFD > HFD < 002MSXH > 005MSXH). Pattern A was enriched in glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, and folate metabolism. Pattern B was enriched in tricarboxylic acid cycle while pattern C was enriched in gluconeogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related event. CONCLUSION: Our study suggested that the effects of MSXH ingestion showed (i) dose-dependent pattern involved in energy metabolisms and (ii) reversely pattern involved in stress responses.
Assuntos
Acer/química , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Fígado/fisiologia , Animais , Açúcares da Dieta/farmacologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
Proanthocyanidins are abundant in peanut skin, and in this study, the antibacterial effects of a peanut skin extract (PSE) against food-borne bacteria were investigated to find its minimum inhibitory concentration. Food-borne gram-positive bacteria, and in particular Bacillus cereus, was more sensitive to PSE. In particular, the inhibitory activity of epicatechin-(4ß â 6)-epicatechin-(2ß â Oâ7, 4ß â 8)-catechin (EEC), a proanthocyanidin trimer from peanut skin, against B. cereus was stronger than that of procyanidin A1, a proanthocyanidin dimer. DNA microarray analysis of B. cereus treated with EEC was carried out, with a finding that 597 genes were significantly up-regulated. Analysis of the up-regulated genes suggested that EEC disrupted the normal condition of the cell membrane and wall of B. cereus and alter its usual nutritional metabolism. Moreover, treatment of B. cereus with EEC inhibited glucose uptake, suggesting that EEC affects the cell-surface adsorption.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Arachis/química , Bacillus cereus/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Proantocianidinas/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Bacillus cereus/genética , Bacillus cereus/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Estrutura Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/química , Proantocianidinas/química , Transcrição Gênica/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Effects of the administration of maple syrup extract (MSX) on hepatic gene expression were investigated in mice fed a high-fat diet. Gene annotation enrichment analysis based on gene ontology revealed some changes in the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and the immune response in MSX-fed mice. Detailed analysis of these data indicated that MSX ingestion mitigates hepatic inflammation.
Assuntos
Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Transcriptoma/genética , Acer/química , Animais , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflamação/patologia , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/genética , Fígado/patologia , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Transcriptoma/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Feeding a high-cholesterol diet with a water-soluble peanut skin polyphenol fraction to rats reduced their plasma cholesterol level, with an increase in fecal cholesterol excretion. The hypocholesterolemic effect was greater with the lower-molecular-weight rather than higher-molecular-weight polyphenol fraction. This effect was possibly due to some oligomeric polyphenols which reduced the solubility of dietary cholesterol in intestinal bile acid-emulsified micelles.
Assuntos
Anticolesterolemiantes/uso terapêutico , Arachis/química , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Frutas/química , Polifenóis/uso terapêutico , Animais , Anticolesterolemiantes/administração & dosagem , Anticolesterolemiantes/isolamento & purificação , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/metabolismo , Colesterol na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Colesterol na Dieta/sangue , Fezes/química , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polifenóis/administração & dosagem , Polifenóis/isolamento & purificação , Ratos , SolubilidadeRESUMO
Peanut skin contains large amounts of polyphenols having antiallergic effects. We found that a peanut-skin extract (PSE) inhibits the degranulation induced by antigen stimulation of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. A low-molecular-weight fraction from PSE, PSEL, also had inhibitory activity against allergic degranulation. A main polyphenol in PSEL was purified by gel chromatography and fractionated by YMC-gel ODS-AQ 120S50 column. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of the purified polyphenol gave m/z 599 [M+Na]âº. Based on the results of ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR spectra, and optical rotation analysis, the polyphenol was identified as procyanidin A1. It inhibited the degranulation caused by antigen stimulation at the IC50 of 20.3 µM. Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and 2,5,-di(tert-butyl)-1,4-hydroquinone (DTBHQ)-induced processes of degranulation were also inhibited by procyanidin A1. These results indicate that peanut-skin procyanidin A1 inhibits degranulation downstream of protein kinase C activation or Ca²âº influx from an internal store in RBL-2H3 cells.
Assuntos
Antialérgicos/farmacologia , Arachis/química , Catequina/farmacologia , Degranulação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipersensibilidade/prevenção & controle , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Proantocianidinas/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antialérgicos/química , Antialérgicos/uso terapêutico , Cálcio/metabolismo , Catequina/química , Catequina/uso terapêutico , Degranulação Celular/imunologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Hidroquinonas/antagonistas & inibidores , Hidroquinonas/farmacologia , Hipersensibilidade/tratamento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidade/imunologia , Leucemia Basofílica Aguda/imunologia , Leucemia Basofílica Aguda/metabolismo , Leucemia Basofílica Aguda/patologia , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Polifenóis/química , Polifenóis/uso terapêutico , Proantocianidinas/química , Proantocianidinas/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Sementes/química , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/antagonistas & inibidores , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacologia , beta-N-Acetil-Hexosaminidases/análise , beta-N-Acetil-Hexosaminidases/metabolismoRESUMO
This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of isoenergetic and increased amounts of egg white protein one hour before a run on the changes in the post-exercise blood biochemistry and the rating of the perceived exertion (RPE). Twenty-four male distance runners were divided into four groups. Venous blood samples were collected at three time points: just before the experiment (Pre), just after a 12,000 m run (Post 0 h) and one hour after the run (Post 1 h). After the first blood sampling, each participant consumed one of the four isoenergetic supplements (86 kcal); 0 g, 5 g, 10 g, or 20 g of egg white protein. The blood glucose, free amino acid, and branched chain amino acid (BCAA) levels in the 0 g, 5 g, and 10 g protein groups were higher at Post 0 h than at Pre. The pre-exercise intake of the 20 g protein group showed the smallest changes in the blood biochemicals. The RPE scores were significantly higher at Post 0 h, and did not vary among the four protein groups. Accordingly, the pre-exercise carbohydrate intakes significantly altered the post-exercise blood biochemisty findings, but the pre-exercise protein intake did not. Furthermore, the changes in the RPE scores in our present study were not explained by changes in the serum free tryptophan or the BCAA levels, and an increased dietary intake of egg white protein might not prevent post-exercise increases in the RPE scores.