RESUMO
Intestinal development is closely associated with inflammatory wooden breast (WB) myopathy. Vitamin E (VE) and alpha lipoic acid (ALA) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were used independently and in combination to evaluate their effects on intestinal developmental changes in ileal morphology and expression of genes related with gut nutrient transport, structure, and inflammation in broilers during the first 3 wk posthatch. A total of 160 newly hatched Ross 708 broiler chicks were randomly assigned into a control and 3 dietary treatments with 10 replicates of 4 birds each. Supplementation of VE (160 mg/kg) and ALA (500 mg/kg) independently and in combination were fed during the first 3 wk. At 1, 2, and 3 wk of age, one chick from each pen was harvested. Plasma VE concentration and ileal morphology were determined. Gene expression was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Broilers in VE and combination of ALA and VE group had higher plasma VE concentration than the control and ALA group at 1, 2, and 3 wk of age (P < 0.01). All dietary treatments increased ileal villus height at 1 wk of age (P < 0.01) and decreased intraepithelial lymphocytes at 3 wk of age compared to the control (P ≤ 0.05). Combination of VE and ALA increased collagen type IV alpha 1 chain expression (P ≤ 0.05) and improved basement membrane structure indicating increased gut basement membrane integrity at 2 and 3 wk of age compared to the control. Expression of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha factor associated with inflammation was decreased in all dietary treatments at 3 wk of age compared to the control (P < 0.01). Ileal morphology and gene expression were closely correlated with breast muscle morphology and gene expression. These results suggest that VE and ALA especially when they were combined in the diet had positive effects on mitigating intestinal inflammation and improving nutrient transport beginning at 1 wk of age, which is likely critical in reducing the severity of WB.
Assuntos
Galinhas , Suplementos Nutricionais , Intestinos , Doenças Musculares , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Ácido Tióctico , Vitamina E , Animais , Dieta/veterinária , Intestinos/efeitos dos fármacos , Intestinos/embriologia , Doenças Musculares/dietoterapia , Doenças Musculares/fisiopatologia , Doenças Musculares/veterinária , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/dietoterapia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/fisiopatologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ácido Tióctico/farmacologia , Vitamina E/farmacologiaRESUMO
Early posthatch nutrition is important for gut health. Vitamin E (VE) and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids can improve gut health through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this study was to identify the effects of VE, n-3 fatty acids, and combination of both during the starter phase (0-10 d) or grower phase (11-24 d) on intestinal morphology and expression of genes associated with gut health. A total of 210 Ross 708 broilers were randomly assigned into 7 treatments with 10 replicates of 3 birds each. The control group was fed a corn-soybean meal-basal diet during the entire study (0-58 d). Supplementation of VE (200 IU/kg), n-3 fatty acids (n-6/n-3 ratio of 3.2:1), and combination of both were fed during the starter phase (0-10 d) or grower phase (11-24 d). All of the broilers were harvested at 58 d of age. Villus height, crypt depth, villus width, distance between villi, and number of intraepithelial lymphocytes were obtained. Expression of 21 genes was measured using NanoString analysis. Expression of solute carrier family 15 member 1 (P = 0.01) associated with peptide transport and mucin 2 (P = 0.03) related with intestinal mucus barrier was increased in the broilers supplemented with n-3 fatty acids in the grower diet compared with the control. Expression of solute carrier family 7 member 1 associated with amino acid transport was decreased in the group supplemented with n-3 fatty acids during the starter phase compared with the group supplemented with n-3 fatty acids (P = 0.01) or VE and n-3 fatty acids during the grower phase (P = 0.03). These data suggest that VE and n-3 fatty acids supplemented during the grower phase have a positive effect on improving nutrient transport with n-3 fatty acids supplementation in the grower diet showing the most beneficial effect. These findings can be used in the development of nutritional management strategies to improve broiler growth performance and meat quality.
Assuntos
Galinhas , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3 , Expressão Gênica , Intestinos , Vitamina E , Ração Animal/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Galinhas/genética , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dieta/veterinária , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/farmacologia , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Intestinos/efeitos dos fármacos , Distribuição Aleatória , Vitamina E/farmacologiaRESUMO
Wooden breast (WB) has arisen primarily in the breast muscle of commercial broilers. It is characterized by palpation of a rigid pectoralis major (p. major) muscle and is under severe oxidative stress and inflammation. Previous studies have shown that vitamin E (VE) has antioxidant properties and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids have an anti-inflammatory effect. The objectives of this study were to identify the effects of VE and n-3 fatty acids on the severity of WB, morphological structure of the p. major muscle, expression of genes likely associated with WB and to determine the most beneficial supplementation period. A total of 210 Ross 708 broilers were randomly assigned into 7 treatments with 10 replicates of 3 birds each. The control group received a corn-soybean meal basal diet during the entire study (0-58 d). Supplementation of VE (200 IU/kg), n-3 fatty acids (n-6/n-3 ratio of 3.2:1), or combination of both were fed during the starter phase (0-10 d) or grower phase (11-24 d). All broilers were harvested at 58 d of age. Morphological assessment of the p. major muscle included myofiber width, perimysial and endomysial connective tissue space, overall morphological structure, and scoring of WB microscopically. Gene expression was measured using nanostring analysis. Genes associated with muscle development and growth factors, inflammation, extracellular matrix, and glucose metabolism were differentially expressed in the p. major muscle of the broilers supplemented with VE in the grower diet. Greater than 2 times more giant myofibers (≥70 µm) were found in the group supplemented with VE and n-3 fatty acids in the starter diet compared with the group fed VE in the grower diet (P = 0.02). Microscopic evaluation showed that VE supplementation in the grower diet had a 16.19% increase in muscle with no WB compared with the control group (P = 0.05). These data suggest that supplementation of VE during the grower phase may reduce the severity of WB in broilers.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3 , Expressão Gênica , Músculos Peitorais , Vitamina E , Ração Animal/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Galinhas , Dieta/veterinária , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/farmacologia , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculos Peitorais/citologia , Músculos Peitorais/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculos Peitorais/patologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Vitamina E/farmacologiaRESUMO
The wooden breast (WB) myopathy is identified by the palpation of a rigid pectoralis major (P. major) muscle and is characterized as a fibrotic, necrotic P. major muscle disorder in broilers resulting in reduced breast meat quality. Breast muscle affected with WB is under severe oxidative stress and inflammation. The objectives were to identify the effects of dietary vitamin E (VE) and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids independently or in combination when fed during the starter phase (0-10 D) or grower phase (11-24 D) on growth performance, meat yield, meat quality, and severity of WB myopathy and to determine the most beneficial dietary supplementation period. A total of 210 Ross 708 broiler chicks were randomly assigned into 7 experimental groups with 10 replicates of 3 birds each. The control group was fed with corn-soybean meal basal diet with VE (10 IU/kg) and n-3 fatty acids (n-6/n-3 ratio of 30:1) at a standard level during the entire study (0-58 D). Supplementation of VE (200 IU/kg), n-3 fatty acids (n-6/n-3 ratio of 3:1), or combination of both was performed during the starter phase or grower phase. Growth performance, meat yield, meat quality, and WB scores were obtained. There was no significant difference in final body weight and meat yield when VE was increased (P > 0.05). In contrast, n-3 fatty acids supplementation in starter diets significantly decreased final body weight, hot carcass weight, and chilled carcass weight of broilers (P ≤ 0.05). The P. major muscle from broilers supplemented with VE in starter diets had lower shear force than in grower diets (P ≤ 0.05). Supplemental VE reduced the severity of WB and in starter diets showed a more beneficial effect than those fed VE in the grower diets. These data are suggestive that additional supplementation of dietary VE may reduce the severity of WB and promote breast meat quality without adversely affecting growth performance and meat yield.