RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kitaib (AS) (Oriental wormwood, known as Bissuk in Korea) is a plant used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical treatments. However, the effect of AS on atopic dermatitis (AD) has not been described. AIM: To examine the inhibitory effect of AS on AD using a murine model. METHODS: We applied either AS, the butanol-extracted fraction of AS (Bu-OH) or 3,5-dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid (DEQA, a major component of Bu-OH) topically for 3 weeks to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced skin lesions in BALB/c mice. RESULTS: AS, Bu-OH and DEQA suppressed the clinical symptoms of DNFB-induced skin lesions and he associated scratching behaviour. Numbers of inflammatory cells infiltrating skin lesions were significantly reduced by AS or Bu-OH application but not by DEQA. In addition, AS significantly suppressed serum levels of histamine and IgE, while Bu-OH significantly suppressed serum levels of histamine, IgE, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-6, and DEQA significantly suppressed serum levels of histamine, IgE, TSLP and IL-4 in DNFB-induced AD mice. In skin lesions, AS and Bu-OH significantly reduced inflammatory cytokines, whereas DEQA did not. AS, Bu-OH and DEQA all significantly suppressed caspase-1 activities. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the anti-AD effects of AS, Bu-OH and DEQA, and suggest that all three have therapeutic potential.
Assuntos
Artemisia , Caspase 1/metabolismo , Ácido Clorogênico/análogos & derivados , Dermatite Atópica/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Administração Tópica , Animais , Caspase 1/genética , Ácido Clorogênico/uso terapêutico , Dermatite Atópica/induzido quimicamente , Dermatite Atópica/metabolismo , Dermatite Atópica/patologia , Dinitrofluorbenzeno , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Medicina Tradicional Coreana , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Pele/patologiaRESUMO
The increasing occurrences of allergic disorders may be attributed to exposure to environmental factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of allergy. The health benefits of green tea have been widely reported but are largely unsubstantiated. Theanine is the major amino acid present in green tea. In this study, we investigated the role of theanine in both IgE- and non- IgE-induced allergic response. Theanine inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic shock and ear swelling responses. IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis was inhibited by the oral administration or pharmaceutical acupuncture of theanine. Histamine release from mast cells was decreased with the treatment of theanine. Theanine also repressed phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore A23187-induced TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, and IL-8 secretion by suppressing NF-κB activation. Furthermore, theanine suppressed the activation of caspase-1 and the expression of receptor interacting protein-2. The current study demonstrates for the first time that theanine might possess mast cell-stabilizing capabilities.
Assuntos
Antialérgicos/administração & dosagem , Glutamatos/administração & dosagem , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Chá , Anafilaxia/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Histamina/metabolismo , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/tratamento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidade/mortalidade , Imunoglobulina E/metabolismo , Masculino , Mastócitos/citologia , Camundongos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/análogos & derivados , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , p-Metoxi-N-metilfenetilamina/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Heparanase has been previously associated with the metastatic potential, inflammation, and angiogenesis of tumor cells. Heparanase activity has been detected by means of UV absorption, radiolabeled substrates, electrophoretic migration, and heparan sulfate affinity assays. However, those methods have proven to be somewhat problematic with regards to application to actual biological samples, the accessibility of the immobilized substrates, experimental sensitivity, and the separation of degraded products. Rather than focusing on heparanase activity, then, we have developed a rapid, alternative colorimetric heparinase assay, on the basis of the recent finding that sulfated disaccharides generated from heparin by bacterial heparinase exhibit biological properties comparable to those from heparan sulfate by mammalian heparanase. In this study, the concentrations of porcine heparin and bacterial heparinase I were determined using a Sigma Diagnostics Kit. Morus alba was selected as a candidate through this assay system, and an inhibitor, resveratrol, was purified from its methanol extract. Its anti-metastatic effects on the pulmonary metastasis of murine B16 melanoma cells were also evaluated. Our findings suggest that this assay may prove useful as a diagnostic tool for heparinase inhibition, as an alternative anti-metastatic target.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Heparina Liase/análise , Metástase Neoplásica/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Bioensaio , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Colorimetria/métodos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Inibidores Enzimáticos/análise , Feminino , Flavobacterium/enzimologia , Heparina/análise , Heparina/metabolismo , Heparina Liase/antagonistas & inibidores , Mucosa Intestinal , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundário , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma/patologia , Melanoma/secundário , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Morus/química , Metástase Neoplásica/patologia , Organismos Livres de Patógenos EspecíficosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Rumex japonicus Houtt. (RJH) is one of the herbs used in Eastern countries for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). It has been shown to have an antioxidative effect in human skin disease. OBJECTIVES: To examine whether RJH extract (RJH-E) suppresses the development of AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice, which are induced by the repeated application of picryl chloride (PC). METHODS: The efficacy of RJH-E in NC/Nga mice was assessed by measuring symptom severity, scratching behaviour, Staphylococcus aureus numbers on an ear, and serum levels of IgE, interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma. RESULTS: Oral administration of RJH-E to NC/Nga mice treated with PC inhibited the development of AD-like skin lesions as exemplified by a significant decrease in total skin symptom severity scores, and a decrease in hypertrophy, hyperkeratosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the skin. The scratching behaviour and numbers of S. aureus, which are known to be exacerbated in AD, were also significantly reduced by RJH-E. No significant change was observed in the serum levels of IFN-gamma, whereas IgE and IL-4 levels were significantly reduced by RJH-E. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that RJH-E inhibits the development of AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice by suppressing the T-helper 2 cell response. Our results indicate that RJH treatment could provide an effective alternative therapy for the management of AD.
Assuntos
Dermatite Atópica/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia/métodos , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Plantas Medicinais , Rumex , Animais , Dermatite Atópica/imunologia , Dermatite Atópica/microbiologia , Feminino , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Interferon gama/sangue , Interleucina-4/sangue , Testes de Função Hepática , Camundongos , Camundongos Mutantes , Modelos Animais , Cloreto de Picrila , Raízes de Plantas , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/complicações , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Jeongshintang (JST) is a Korean herbal prescription, which has been successfully used for cerebral diseases. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of JST on Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of JST in attenuating the inflammatory response induced by interleukin (IL)-1beta plus beta-amyloid [1-42] fragment (A beta) in the human astrocyte cell line, U373MG. The production of IL-6, IL-8, and prostaglandin (PG)E2 was significantly increased by IL-1beta plus A beta (1-42) in a time-dependent manner (P < 0.05). JST significantly inhibited the IL-1beta plus A beta (1-42)-induced IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2 production at 24 h (P < 0.05). Maximal inhibition rate of IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2 production by JST was about 54.40%, 56.01%, and 44.06% respectively. JST (0.01-1 mg/ml) also attenuated the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and activation of p38 MAPK induced by IL-1beta and A beta (1-42). These results demonstrated that JST has an anti-inflammatory effect, which might explain its beneficial effect in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidores , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/toxicidade , Astrocitoma , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2 , Dinoprostona/antagonistas & inibidores , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Interleucina-1/toxicidade , Interleucina-6/antagonistas & inibidores , Interleucina-8/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Membrana/antagonistas & inibidores , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/toxicidade , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologiaRESUMO
Nitric oxide (NO) is an antitumour molecule produced in activated macrophages and Solanum nigrum is a plant used in oriental medicine to treat tumours. In this study using mouse peritoneal macrophages, we have examined the mechanism by which Solanum nigrum regulates NO production. When Solanum nigrum was used in combination with 20 U/ml of recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma), there was a marked cooperative induction of NO production. The increase in NO synthesis was reflected as an increased amount of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) protein. The production of NO from rIFN-gamma plus Solanum nigrum-stimulated peritoneal macrophages was decreased by treatment with N-monomethyl-L-arginine or N-tosyl-Phe chloromethyl ketone, an iNOS inhibitor. Additionally, the increased production of NO from rIFN-gamma plus Solanum nigrum-stimulated cells was almost completely inhibited by pretreatment with 100 micromol/l of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, an inhibitor of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). Furthermore, Solanum nigrum increased activation of NF-kappaB. These findings suggest that Solanum nigrum increases the production of NO by rIFN-gamma-primed macrophages and NF-kappaB plays a critical role in mediating these effects.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Interferon gama/farmacologia , Macrófagos Peritoneais/efeitos dos fármacos , NF-kappa B/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido Nítrico/biossíntese , Solanum nigrum , Análise de Variância , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Macrófagos Peritoneais/citologia , Camundongos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/biossíntese , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/efeitos dos fármacos , Probabilidade , Proteínas Recombinantes , Fatores de Risco , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Yuk-Hap-Tang (YHT) induces cell death in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. Caspase-3, -6 and -9 were markedly activated in HeLa cells treated with YHT. The preferred substrate for caspase-3 cysteine protease, PARP, was cleaved to its 85-kDa cleavage product. YHT increased the amount of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, and the pro-apoptotic protein, Bax. Although p53 has been reported to accumulate in cancer cells in response to anticancer agents, the p53 expression level was not changed in HeLa cells treated with YHT. Manganese (Mn)-TBAP, a mitochondria-specific SOD mimetic agent and NAC/GSH (N-acetyl cysteine/ reduced glutathione) reduced the YHT-induced cytotoxicity and decreased the number of the YHT-induced apoptotic cells. Furthermore, YHT reduced the expression of Mn-SOD protein and its activity in HeLa cells. The data demonstrate that YHT induces the apoptosis of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells by intervening Mn-SOD.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Medicina Tradicional do Leste Asiático , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Superóxido Dismutase/genética , Caspases/metabolismo , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Células HeLa , Humanos , Cinética , Coreia (Geográfico) , Fitoterapia , Superóxido Dismutase/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
We investigated the mechanism of the immunomodulatory action of polysaccharide (ASP) isolated from a cell culture of Acanthopanax senticosus. ASP was found to directly increase the proliferation and differentiation of B cells, and the cytokine production of macrophage, but not the proliferation and cytokine production of T cells. Since ASP cannot penetrate the cell membrane due to its large molecular mass, such cellular activation may be caused by the surface binding of ASP to receptors expressed on B cells and macrophages. The possibility that TLRs, which are known to be involved in immune-related responses, may be the receptor(s) of ASP was investigated. The immunomodulating activities of ASP on the B cells and macrophages of C3H/HeJ mice, expressing a defective toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, were decreased versus the corresponding cells from C3H/HeN mice. In addition, the activities of ASP on B cells and macrophages were significantly reduced by treating the cells with antibodies to TLR4 and TLR2 prior to ASP, suggesting that both of them are the possible receptors of ASP. The ligation of TLRs induced by ASP was able to activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as Erk1/2, p38 and JNK, and the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Although ASP was shown to activate the TLR signaling cascades in the same manner as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), these two could be differentiated by the finding that polymyxin B (PMB), a specific inhibitor of LPS, did not significantly affect the activities of ASP on B cells and macrophages. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ASP, isolated from a cell culture of A. senticosus, activates B cells and macrophages by interacting with TLRs and leading to the subsequent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and NF-kappaB.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Linfócitos B/efeitos dos fármacos , Eleutherococcus/química , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação de Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos Peritoneais/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/efeitos dos fármacos , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Receptores de Superfície Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Sítios de Ligação , Células Cultivadas/química , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos Peritoneais/imunologia , Macrófagos Peritoneais/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/antagonistas & inibidores , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/deficiência , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/fisiologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C3H , Camundongos Endogâmicos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Nitritos/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Quinases/metabolismo , Receptores de Superfície Celular/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Superfície Celular/deficiência , Receptores de Superfície Celular/genética , Receptores de Superfície Celular/fisiologia , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Receptor 2 Toll-Like , Receptor 4 Toll-Like , Receptores Toll-Like , Transcrição Gênica/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Traditional Oriental medicinal prescription, Daeganghwal-tang (DGHT) has been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Korea. However, its effect in experimental models remains unknown. Recent reports suggest that in patients with RA, synovial mast cells increase in number and show signs of activation and inflammatory cytokines secretion. Our results show that stem cell factor (SCF) is a potent chemotactic factor for the mast cells in vitro. The chemotactic response to SCF was blocked by DGHT. When DGHT (1mg/ml) was added, the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 was inhibited by 60.1, 81.8, 72.5%, respectively in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated HMC-1 cells. In addition, the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in HMC-1 cells was inhibited by DGHT (1mg/ml). These findings indicate that DGHT inhibits SCF-induced migration and PMA plus calcium ionophore-stimulated inflammatory cytokines secretion in mast cells.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Quimiotaxia/efeitos dos fármacos , Citocinas/metabolismo , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Fator de Células-Tronco/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Inibição de Migração Celular , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Técnicas In Vitro , Linfotoxina-alfa/metabolismo , Mastócitos/metabolismo , Mastócitos/fisiologia , Medicina Tradicional do Leste Asiático , Cavidade Peritoneal/citologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Substance P (SP) can stimulate secretion of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) from astrocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, we have examined whether an aqueous extract of Sesim-Tang inhibits the secretion of TNF-alpha from primary cultures of rat astrocytes. Sesim-Tang (10-1000 microg/mL) significantly inhibited the TNF-alpha secretion by astrocytes stimulated with LPS and SP. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been shown to elevate TNF-alpha secretion from LPS-stimulated astrocytes while having no effect on astrocytes in the absence of LPS. We therefore examined whether IL-1 mediated inhibition of TNF-alpha secretion from primary astrocytes by Sesim-Tang. Treatment with Sesim-Tang (10-1000 microg/mL) of astrocytes stimulated with both LPS and SP decreased IL-1 secretion significantly. Moreover, the secretion of TNF-alpha by LPS and SP in astrocytes was progressively inhibited with increasing amounts of IL-1 neutralizing antibody. Our results suggest that Sesim-Tang may inhibit TNF-alpha secretion by inhibiting IL-1 secretion and that Sesim-Tang has an antiinflammatory activity in the central nervous system.
Assuntos
Astrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Astrócitos/citologia , Astrócitos/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Interleucina-1/antagonistas & inibidores , Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Medicina Tradicional do Leste Asiático , Camundongos , Microglia/citologia , Microglia/efeitos dos fármacos , Microglia/metabolismo , Ratos , Organismos Livres de Patógenos Específicos , Substância P/farmacologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Elevated levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)E are associated with immediate-type allergic reactions. The effect of an aqueous extract of Siegesbeckia glabrescens (Compositae) whole plants (SGWP) on in vivo and in vitro IgE production was studied in mice. SGWP dose-dependently inhibited the active systemic anaphylaxis and serum IgE production induced by immunization with ovalbumin and Bordetella pertussis toxin absorbed to aluminium hydroxide gel. SGWP dose-dependently inhibited IL-4-dependent IgE production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine whole spleen cells. In the case of U266 human IgE-bearing B cells, SGWP also showed an inhibitory effect on IgE production. These results suggest that SGWP has an anti-allergic activity by inhibiting IgE production from B cells.
Assuntos
Anafilaxia/tratamento farmacológico , Asteraceae , Linfócitos B/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunoglobulina E/biossíntese , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Anafilaxia/etiologia , Animais , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Ovalbumina , Toxina Pertussis , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Baço/citologia , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Virulência de BordetellaRESUMO
We studied the effect of aqueous extract of Prunella vulgaris (Labiatae) (PVAE) on immediate-type allergic reactions. PVAE (0.005 to 1 g/kg) dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylactic shock induced by compound 48/ 80 in rats. When PVAE was given as pretreatment, at concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 1 g/kg, the serum histamine levels induced by compound 48/ 80 were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. PVAE (0.001 to 1 g/kg) inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE antibody dose dependently. PVAE also inhibited the histamine release induced by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE from the rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC). The level of cyclic AMP in RPMC, when PVAE was added, significantly increased, compared with that of normal control. Moreover, PVAE (0.01 and 0.1 mg/ml) had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-mediated tumor necrosis factor-alpha production from RPMC. These results indicate that PVAE inhibits immediate-type allergic reactions in rats.
Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade Imediata/prevenção & controle , Lamiaceae , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Anafilaxia/induzido quimicamente , Anafilaxia/prevenção & controle , Animais , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Dinitrobenzenos/imunologia , Liberação de Histamina/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunoglobulina E/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Mastócitos/imunologia , Anafilaxia Cutânea Passiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossíntese , p-Metoxi-N-metilfenetilamina/toxicidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Brain astrocytes play a pivotal role in neuronal activities. METHODS: An investigation was undertaken to determine whether juniper oil inhibits heat shock-induced apoptosis of astrocytes. RESULTS: Juniper oil inhibited the heat shock-induced apoptosis in human astrocyte CCF-STTG1 cells. Pretreatment of the cells with juniper oil inhibited the heat shock-induced DNA fragmentation and condensation of nuclear chromatin. Juniper oil alone did not affect the apoptosis. Juniper oil inhibited the heat shock-induced caspase-3 activation and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) fragmentation in the human astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Juniper oil may inhibit the apoptosis of astrocytes by preventing the caspase-3 activation.
Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Astrócitos/enzimologia , Caspases/metabolismo , Temperatura Alta/efeitos adversos , Juniperus/química , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Choque/patologia , Astrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Western Blotting , Encéfalo/citologia , Encéfalo/enzimologia , Caspase 3 , Linhagem Celular , Núcleo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Núcleo Celular/ultraestrutura , Cromatina/química , Cromatina/metabolismo , DNA/biossíntese , DNA/química , Fragmentação do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Depressão Química , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/química , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/metabolismoRESUMO
Many polysaccharides isolated from plants are considered to be biological response modifiers and have been shown to enhance various immune responses in vivo and in vitro. Here, we demonstrate that polysaccharide isolated from the radix of Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) has a unique mode of immunostimulation with regard to its cell-type specificity. PG was found to markedly increase polyclonal IgM antibody production and the proliferation of B cells, and to activate iNOS transcription and NO production in macrophages. Moreover, the intraperitoneal administration of PG in mice resulted in increased IgM antibody production in B cells, which were immunized by using T-dependent antigen sheep red blood cells (sRBCs). However, PG did not affect the proliferation of T cells, the IL-2 expression of Th1 cells, or the IL-4 expression of Th2 cells. Although PG and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) had a similar mode of action in B cells and macrophages, they were differentiated by the fact that PG-induced cellular activation was not inhibited by polymyxin B, a specific inhibitor of LPS. Anti-CD19 or anti-CD79b antibody blocked B cell proliferation and anti-CD14 or anti-CD 11b antibody decreased macrophage NO production, indicating the possible cellular binding sites of PG. Our results demonstrate that PG is a specific activator of B cells and macrophages but not of T cells, and suggest that PG is quite distinct from other well-known immunostimulants, such as lentinan and schizophyllan, which mainly act upon macrophages and T cells.
Assuntos
Linfócitos B/efeitos dos fármacos , Campanulaceae/química , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação de Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Plantas Medicinais/química , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Formação de Anticorpos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Citocinas/biossíntese , Feminino , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunidade Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunoglobulina M/biossíntese , Fatores Imunológicos/isolamento & purificação , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Óxido Nítrico/biossíntese , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/biossíntese , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II , Polimixina B/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Receptores de Superfície Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de Superfície Celular/metabolismo , Baço/citologia , Baço/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mast cells synthesize and secrete chemical mediators which play a central role in anaphylaxis. METHODS: The effect of Acanthopanax senticosus root (ASR) on mast cell-dependent anaphylaxis was investigated. RESULTS: ASR inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic shock at the dose of 1.0 g/kg by 50%. When ASR was given as pre-treatment at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 2.0 g/l, the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by compound 48/80 was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. ASR (2.0 g/kg) also inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE to 53.17+/-6.62%. Moreover, ASR inhibited tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in a concentration-dependent manner, and the treatment of 1 g/l blocked the production by 32.5+/-3.50% compared to saline value. CONCLUSIONS: ASR may possess effective anti-anaphylactic activity.
Assuntos
Anafilaxia/tratamento farmacológico , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Anafilaxia/induzido quimicamente , Anafilaxia/patologia , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Dinitrobenzenos/imunologia , Histamina/metabolismo , Imunoglobulina E/farmacologia , Masculino , Mastócitos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Raízes de Plantas/química , Plantas Medicinais , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , p-Metoxi-N-metilfenetilamina/efeitos adversosRESUMO
In order to develop convenient and reproducible methods for the identification of ginseng drugs at a DNA level, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analyses were applied within Panax species. To authenticate Panax ginseng among ginseng populations, RAPD analysis was carried out using a 20 mer-random primer. The similarity coefficients among the DNA of ginseng plants analyzed were low, ranging from 0.197 to 0.491. In addition, by using PCR-RFLP analysis, very different fingerprints were obtained within Korean ginseng plants. These results suggest that these methods are able to authenticate the concerned Panax species. Broader application of this approach to authenticate other morphologically similar medicinal materials is rationalized.
Assuntos
Panax/química , DNA de Plantas/química , DNA de Plantas/genética , Panax/genética , Raízes de Plantas/química , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , RNA Ribossômico/química , RNA Ribossômico/genética , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
This study was conducted to investigate SAFB-induced apoptosis of mast cells as it pertains to both its basic drug mechanism and the potential therapeutics of the pathologic conditions accompanying mast cell proliferation. SAFB induced many apoptotic manifestations as evidenced by changes in cell morphology, generation of DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase 3, and DNA hypoploidy. The reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c to cytosol were also demonstrated. However, reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release were not prevented by caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk or PTP blockers such as bongkrekic acid and cyclosporin A. Expression levels of Bcl-2 and Fas remained unchanged following SAFB treatment. This results suggest that the clinical effect of SAFB may depend on the pharmacological mechanism regulating the demise of mast cells.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Rosales/química , Animais , DNA de Neoplasias/efeitos dos fármacos , Sarcoma de Mastócitos , Camundongos , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/fisiologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
The effect of the aqueous extract of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. (Zingiberaceae) fruits (AOFE) on anaphylactic reaction was investigated. AOFE completely inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic shock at dose of 1.0 g/kg. When AOFE was pretreated at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1.0 g/kg, the plasma histamine levels induced by compound 48/80 were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. AOFE also inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) by compound 48/80. The level of cAMP in RPMC, when AOFE was added, transiently and significantly increased about 4-fold compared with that of basal cells. These results indicate that AOFE may be beneficial in the treatment of non-specific anaphylactic reactions.
Assuntos
Anafilaxia/prevenção & controle , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos H1/farmacologia , Liberação de Histamina/efeitos dos fármacos , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Alpinia , Anafilaxia/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Frutas , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Mastócitos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Peritônio/citologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , p-Metoxi-N-metilfenetilaminaRESUMO
This report describes an inhibitory effect of Gahmi-Shini-San (GSS) on mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions. GSS is an Oriental herbal medication, which has been successfully used in Korea for the treatment of allergic disorders, mainly skin anaphylactic diseases. GSS inhibited the ear swelling response induced by intradermal injection of compound 48/80 in a mouse model on a concentration-dependent basis. The mast cells in mouse ear tissue were stained by alcian blue/nuclear fast red. GSS significantly inhibited the compound 48/80-induced degranulation from mast cells in ear tissue. GSS dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells by compound 48/80. We also studied the effect of GSS on mast cell-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis activated by dinitrophenyl IgE antibody. GSS showed inhibition of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis following oral administration. These results indicated that GSS has inhibitory effect on mast cell-dependent immediate type cutaneous reactions.
Assuntos
Degranulação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Histamina/metabolismo , Hipersensibilidade/fisiopatologia , Mastócitos/metabolismo , Anafilaxia Cutânea Passiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Azul Alciano/análise , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Orelha/fisiopatologia , Hipersensibilidade/tratamento farmacológico , Mastócitos/citologia , Camundongos , Vermelho Neutro/análise , Anafilaxia Cutânea Passiva/fisiologia , Cavidade Peritoneal/citologia , Ratos , p-Metoxi-N-metilfenetilamina/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
The objective of the currently study was to determine the effect of Kunbi-Boshin-Hangam-Tang (KBH-Tang) on the production of nitric oxide (NO). Stimulation of RAW 264.7 cells with KBH-Tang after the treatment of recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) resulted in increased NO synthesis. KBH-Tang partially increased NO synthesis by itself. When KBH-Tang was used in combination with rIFN-gamma, there was a marked cooperative induction of NO synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. This increase in NO synthesis was reflected as increased amount of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) protein. NO production was inhibited by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NGMMA). Furthermore, activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB was increased by KBH-Tang. These results suggest that KBH-Tang may stimulate the NO production through the activation of the NF-kappaB.