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1.
Int J Nanomedicine ; 17: 4599-4617, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36199478

RESUMO

Purpose: The protein corona surrounding nanoparticles has attracted considerable attention as it induces subsequent inflammatory responses. Although mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) are commonly used in medicines, cosmetics, and packaging, the inflammatory effects of the MSN protein corona on the cutaneous system have not been investigated till date. Methods: We examined the greater plasma protein adsorption on MSN leads to serious inflammatory reactions in Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DFE)-induced mouse atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin inflammation because of increased uptake by keratinocytes. Results: We compare the AD lesions induced by MSN and colloidal (non-porous) silica nanoparticles (CSN), which exhibit different pore architectures but similar dimensions and surface chemistry. MSN-corona treatment of severe skin inflammation in a DFE-induced in vivo AD model greatly increases mouse ear epidermal thickness and infiltration of immune cells compared with the CSN-corona treatment. Moreover, MSN-corona significantly increase AD-specific immunoglobulins, serum histamine, and Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines in the ear and lymph nodes. MSN-corona induce more severe cutaneous inflammation than CSN by significantly decreasing claudin-1 expression. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the novel impact of the MSN protein corona in inducing inflammatory responses through claudin-1 downregulation and suggests useful clinical guidelines for MSN application in cosmetics and drug delivery systems.


Assuntos
Dermatite Atópica , Nanopartículas , Coroa de Proteína , Adsorção , Animais , Claudina-1/uso terapêutico , Citocinas/metabolismo , Dermatite Atópica/induzido quimicamente , Dermatite Atópica/tratamento farmacológico , Histamina , Imunoglobulina E , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Dióxido de Silício/uso terapêutico
2.
Sci Rep ; 9(1): 18080, 2019 12 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31792306

RESUMO

Pancreatic lipase (PL) is an enzyme that plays an essential role in the digestion of dietary lipids and is a suitable target for an anti-obesity dietary supplement. The objective of this study was to find a novel source of PL inhibitors from Korean medicinal plants and investigate the PL-inhibitory properties of the active constituents. From among 34 kinds of methanolic crude extracts, Polygonum aviculare L. showed the highest PL-inhibitory activity (63.97 ± 0.05% of inhibition). Solvent fractionation and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis identified flavonol-3-O-glycosides, flavonol-3-O-(2″-galloyl)-glycosides, and flavonol aglycones as active constituents. Furthermore, the inhibitory characteristics of the major compounds were investigated in terms of enzyme kinetics and fluorescence quenching. The results suggested that the inhibitory activity of the major compounds is closely related to the tertiary structural change in PL, and that differences in inhibitory activity occurred due to slight discrepancies in their chemical structure.


Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Glicosídeos/química , Glicosídeos/farmacologia , Lipase/antagonistas & inibidores , Polygonum/química , Animais , Flavonóis/química , Flavonóis/farmacologia , Lipase/metabolismo , Pâncreas/enzimologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Suínos
3.
Curr Pharm Biotechnol ; 20(7): 562-572, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31132974

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are blood tests used to measure the amount of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) released by T lymphocytes after stimulation by antigens specific for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection. A mitogen serves as a positive control to assess the immune function in IGRAs. METHODS: This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate IFN-γ production by human whole blood stimulated with heat-treated and/or cation-supplemented phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM), using QuantiFERON-TB Gold Kit ELISA tests. RESULTS: The optimal concentrations of PWM, Con A and PHA for IGRAs were 2 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL and 10 µg/mL, respectively. The results showed that IFN-γ production in response to PWM was the highest and PHA was the lowest amount. The median values of three mitogens were in the following order: PWM≥Con A≥ positive control>>PHA-P>>negative control. PWM and PHA were heat stable, while Con A was heat sensitive. The mitogen response of lymphocytes to untreated or heat-treated PWM and heat-treated Con A was increased in 1 mM Ca2+-supplemented groups, whereas the response to heat-treated PHA was decreased. Exposure to 1 mM Mg2+ had no effect on untreated or heat-treated PWM, and a concentration of 1 mM Zn2+ inhibited the stimulation of un-treated PWM. We found that calcium supplementation improved the PWM-induced production of IFN-γ. CONCLUSION: Therefore, PWM is an appropriate mitogen for use as a positive control in IGRAs. It is a potential indicator of cytokine production in the diagnostic as well as research settings, and calcium supplementation improved stimulation.


Assuntos
Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Temperatura Alta , Interferon gama/sangue , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitógenos de Phytolacca americana/farmacologia , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Idoso , Cátions , Concanavalina A/imunologia , Concanavalina A/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fito-Hemaglutininas/imunologia , Fito-Hemaglutininas/farmacologia , Mitógenos de Phytolacca americana/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/sangue , Adulto Jovem
4.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 239: 111898, 2019 Jul 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31028855

RESUMO

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Plant-specific fungus of natural compound of Ascochyta viciae has traditionally been used in the treatment of sleeping sickness and tumors. The anti-tumor activities of the compounds obtained from Pisum sativum L were evaluated in this study. AIM OF THE STUDY: In this study, during the prolonged incubation, treatment of the LPS-stimulated tumor-like macrophage RAW 264.7 cells with ASC exhibited the shift of anti-inflammatory behavior to a type of necroptotic cell death named necroptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ascochlorin (ASC) purified from plant-specific fungus Ascochyta viciae is a natural compound with the trimethyl oxocyclohexyl structure and an anti-cancer and antibiotic agent. The fungus contributes to the Ascochyta blight disease complex of pea (Pisum sativum L). RAW 264.7 cells have been stimulated with LPS and treated with ASC. Cell viability of the LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) cells were examined. Flow cytometry analysis with 7AAD and Annexin V was examined for the apoptotic or necroptosis/late-apoptosis. Cleaved caspase-3, -7 and -8 as well as cleaved PARP were assessed with a caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk. LPS-responsible human leukemic U937 and colon cancer SW480 and HT-29 cells were also examined for the cell viabilities. RESULTS: Flow cytometry analysis after Annexin V and 7AAD double staining showed that ASC alone induces apoptosis in RAW 264.7 cells, while it induces necroptosis/late-apoptosis in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. 7AAD and Annexin V positive populations were increased in the LPS-treated cells with ASC. Although viability of LPS-treated cells with ASC was decreased, the amounts of cleaved caspase-3, -7 and -8 as well as cleaved PARP were reduced when compared with ASC-treated cells. Upon ASC treatment, the cleaved caspase-8 level was not changed, however, cleaved caspase-3, -7, and PARP were reduced in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells treated with ASC, claiming a caspase-8 independent necroptosis of ASC. Furthermore, ASC and LPS-cotreated cells which a caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, was pretreated, showed the decreased cell viability compared with control cells without the inhibitor. Cell viability of RAW 264.7 cells co-treated with ASC and LPS when treated with z-VAD was decreased. In the LPS-responsible human leukemic U937 and colon cancer SW480 and HT-29 cells, cell viabilities were decreased by 10 µM ASC. CONCLUSION: Prolonged stimulation of ASC with LPS induces the necroptosis in RAW cells. Activated immune cells may share the susceptibility of antitumor agents with the cancer cells.


Assuntos
Alcenos/farmacologia , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Necrose/induzido quimicamente , Fenóis/farmacologia , Animais , Caspases/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Camundongos , Necrose/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7
5.
Int Immunopharmacol ; 68: 156-163, 2019 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30639961

RESUMO

Natural compound esculentoside B (EsB), (2S,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-11-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2 methoxycarbonyl-2,6a,6b,9,12a-pentamethyl-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid with molecular weight of 664.833, isolated from roots of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb has been widely used as a constituent of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the anti-inflammatory capacity of EsB has not been reported yet. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate anti-inflammatory activities of EsB in LPS-treated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. EsB could inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production. EsB also suppressed gene and protein expression levels of inducible isoform of NO synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, EsB decreased gene expression and protein secretion levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1ß, TNF-α, and IL-6. EsB remarkably suppressed nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) from cytosolic space. Phosphorylation of IκB was also inhibited by EsB. Moreover, EsB specifically down-regulated phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), but not p-p38 or phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2). Taken together, these results suggest that EsB has inhibitory effect on inflammatory response by inactivating NF-κB and p-JNK. It could be used as a new modulatory drug for effective treatment of inflammation-related diseases.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/química , Proteínas Quinases JNK Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Saponinas/química , Terpenos/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7 , Saponinas/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Terpenos/farmacologia
6.
Nat Microbiol ; 3(8): 939-947, 2018 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30038306

RESUMO

For cells to grow faster they must increase their protein production rate. Microorganisms have traditionally been thought to accomplish this increase by producing more ribosomes to enhance protein synthesis capacity, leading to the linear relationship between ribosome level and growth rate observed under most growth conditions previously examined. Past studies have suggested that this linear relationship represents an optimal resource allocation strategy for each growth rate, independent of any specific nutrient state. Here we investigate protein production strategies in continuous cultures limited for carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, which differentially impact substrate supply for protein versus nucleic acid metabolism. Unexpectedly, we find that at slow growth rates, Escherichia coli achieves the same protein production rate using three different strategies under the three different nutrient limitations. Under phosphorus (P) limitation, translation is slow due to a particularly low abundance of ribosomes, which are RNA-rich and thus particularly costly for phosphorous-limited cells. Under nitrogen (N) limitation, translation elongation is slowed by processes including ribosome stalling at glutamine codons. Under carbon (C) limitation, translation is slowed by accumulation of inactive ribosomes not bound to messenger RNA. These extra ribosomes enable rapid growth acceleration during nutrient upshift. Thus, bacteria tune ribosome usage across different limiting nutrients to enable balanced nutrient-limited growth while also preparing for future nutrient upshifts.


Assuntos
Meios de Cultura/química , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Biossíntese de Proteínas , Carbono/química , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Nitrogênio/química , Fósforo/química , Ribossomos/metabolismo
7.
ACS Nano ; 11(12): 12547-12552, 2017 12 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29235347

RESUMO

A physical unclonable function (PUF) device using a nano-electromechanical (NEM) switch was demonstrated. The most important feature of the NEM-switch-based PUF is its use of stiction. Stiction is one of the chronic problems associated with micro- and nano-electromechanical system (MEMS/NEMS) devices; however, here, it was utilized to intentionally implement a PUF for hardware-based security. The stiction is caused by capillary and van der Waals forces, producing strong adhesion, which can be utilized to design a highly robust and stable PUF. The probability that stiction will occur on either of two gates in the NEM switch is the same, and consequently, the occurrence of the stiction is random and unique, which is critical to its PUF performance. This uniqueness was evaluated by measuring the interchip Hamming distance (interchip HD), which characterizes how different responses are made when the same challenge is applied. Uniformity was also evaluated by the proportion of "1" or "0" in the response bit-string. The reliability of the proposed PUF device was assessed by stress tests under harsh environments such as high temperature, high dose radiation, and microwaves.

9.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 195: 309-317, 2017 Jan 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27876502

RESUMO

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE: Oldenlandia diffusa (OD) has long been known as an apoptotic inducer in breast tumors in ethnomedicine. AIM OF THE STUDY: To scientifically confirm the anti-breast cancer effects of water, methanol (MeOH) and butanol (BuOH) extracts of O. diffusa on cell apoptosis, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and intracellular signaling in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MeOH extracts (MOD) and BuOH extracts (BOD) were prepared and examined for their ability to inhibit phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expressions in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Additionally, transwell migration, invasion and transcriptional activity were assessed. Results of immunofluorescence confocal microscopy for translocation of NF-κB and p-ERK and p-p38 were also checked. Finally, apoptotic signals including processed caspase-8, caspase-7, poly ADP-ribose polymerase, Bax and Bcl-2 were examined. RESULTS: MOD and BOD specifically inhibited PMA-induced MMP-9 expression as well as invasive and migration potential via ICAM-1. The inhibitory activity was also based on the suppressed transcriptional activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Results of immunofluorescence confocal microscopy showed that translocation of NF-κB decreased upon BOD and MOD treatments, with a decreased level of p-ERK and p-p38 phosphorylation. In addition, treatment of MCF-7 cells with MOD and BOD activated apoptosis-linked proteins including enzymatically active forms of processed caspase-8, caspase-7 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase, together with increased expression of mitochondrial apoptotic protein, Bax and decreased expression of Bcl-2. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that OD as an anti-metastatic agent suppresses the metastatic response by targeting p-ERK, p-38 and NF-κB, thus reducing the invasion capacity of MCF-7 breast cancer cells through inhibition of MMP-9 and ICAM-1 expression and plays an important role in the regulation of breast cancer cell apoptosis.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase 3 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Oldenlandia/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/enzimologia , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Butanóis/química , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ativação Enzimática , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/genética , Células MCF-7 , Metanol/química , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Invasividade Neoplásica , Metástase Neoplásica , Fosforilação , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transcrição Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Transfecção , Água/química
10.
J Med Food ; 17(5): 550-7, 2014 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24325454

RESUMO

Obesity-induced inflammation is characterized by recruitment of adipose tissue macrophages that release inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. MIP-1α (macrophage inflammatory protein 1α)/CCL3, a CC chemokine, induces monocyte/macrophage infiltration and thus is implicated in obesity-induced adipose inflammation. Quercetin has been shown to modulate obesity-induced inflammation, but the mechanism of its action remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that quercetin decreases MIP-1α release from adipocytes and macrophages and from cocultured adipocytes/macrophages; it also opposes MIP-1α-induced macrophage infiltration and activation. The inhibitory action of quercetin on the MIP-1α-induced inflammatory responses of macrophages is mediated by downregulation of CCR1/CCR5, and inhibition of activation of JNK, p38 mitogen-activated-protein kinase (MAPK), and IKK as well as IκBα degradation. These findings suggest that quercetin may be a useful agent against obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation.


Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo , Quimiocina CCL3/antagonistas & inibidores , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Quercetina/farmacologia , Receptores CCR/genética , Células 3T3-L1 , Adipócitos/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo/química , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Quimiocina CCL3/genética , Quimiocina CCL3/fisiologia , Quimiotaxia/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas de Cocultura , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflamação/etiologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Obesidade/complicações , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Receptores CCR1/genética , Receptores CCR5/genética , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno
11.
J Med Food ; 7(3): 267-73, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15383218

RESUMO

Capsaicin (N-vanillyl-8-methyl-alpha-nonenamide), a spicy component of hot pepper, is a homovanillic acid derivative that preferentially induces certain cancer cells to undergo apoptosis and has a putative role in cancer chemoprevention. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARgamma), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a ligand-dependent transcription factor. PAPRgamma activation results in growth arrest and/or apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the potential of capsaicin to induce apoptotic cell death in human colon cancer cells and the association of PPARgamma in the capsaicin action. Cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. PPARgamma and vanilloid receptor type 1 (VR-1) expressions at the protein or mRNA levels were detected by western blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Apoptotic cell death was determined by DNA fragmentation and quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HT-29 human colon cancer cells expressed PPARgamma and VR-1. Treatment with capsaicin or the PPARgamma ligand troglitazone induced apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Capsaicin-induced cell death was completely blocked by bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, a specific PPARgamma antagonist. Capsazepine, a specific antagonist for vanilloid receptor, did not inhibit capsaicin-induced apoptosis. Our data suggest that capsaicin-induced apoptotic cell death in HT-29 human colon cancer cells could be associated with the PPARgamma pathway without the involvement of the vanilloid receptor. Capsaicin may have a beneficial effect for the treatment of colon cancer.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Capsaicina/análogos & derivados , Capsaicina/farmacologia , PPAR gama/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Benzidrílicos , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Fragmentação do DNA , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Células HT29 , Humanos , PPAR gama/antagonistas & inibidores , PPAR gama/metabolismo , Fenóis/farmacologia , Receptores de Droga/metabolismo , Canais de Cátion TRPV
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