Cholesterol and fatty acid composition of longissimus thoracis from water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and Brahman-influenced cattle raised under savannah conditions.

Male (n=66) water buffalo (Buffalo) and Brahman-influenced cattle (Brahman) were born, raised, weaned, fattened on grazing savannah and harvested at two different ages (19 and 24months) to compare lipid composition of the longissimus thoracis muscle. Half of the animals were castrated at seven months of age (MOA) to examine the castration effects. At 24 MOA Brahman steers showed the highest content of total lipids (P<0.05). No significant variation was detected in cholesterol content for either the main or interaction effects in the age groups. Some individual fatty acids varied with the species (P<0.05), however, interspecific similarities were found in fatty acid ratios. For health-related indices, only atherogenic index (AI) showed lower values in favor of Buffalo meat (P<0.05) at both harvesting ages. Although, meat derived from both bovid groups was leaner and showed lower cholesterol level, AI indicates that Buffalo meat might be beneficial from a human health standpoint.

Composición proximal, mineral y contenido de colesterol del músculo Longissimus dorsi de novillos criollo limonero suplementados a pastoreo / Proximate composition, mineral and cholesterol content of the Longissimus dorsi muscle of criollo limonero steers supplemented on pasture

Las muestras de músculo longissimus dorsi fueron obtenidas de 23 novillos Criollo Limonero (CL), que a los 36 meses de edad se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en cada uno de los siguientes tratamientos de suplementación, durante un período de 158 días: T1= Pastoreo (Echinochloa polystachia) no suplementado; T2= Pastoreo más 1.0Kg./animal/día de concentrado al 11 por ciento Proteína Cruda (PC) y T3= Pastoreo más 1 h/día ramoneando Leucaena leucocephala. A las 48 horas postmortem, le fue retirado un bistec del músculo longissimus dorsi para determinar el efecto de la suplementación sobre la composición proximal y mineral (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, y P), y contenido de colesterol. El análisis de varianza por el método de mínimos cuadrados no indicó efectos significativos (P>0,05) de los tratamientos de suplementación sobre las variables estudiadas. Los bajos niveles de lípidos totales y contenido de colesterol de las muestras para todos los tratamientos, incluyendo la suplementación con concentrado, evidenciaron una alta magrez, lo que indica que las carnes de los novillos Criollo Limonero pudieran ser comercializadas como carnes ligeras o bajas en grasas.

Longissimus dorsi samples were obtained from 23 Criollo Limonero (CL) steers, that were subjected to supplementation treatments (at 36 months of age), during 158 d of fattening on pasture, as follows: T1= a non-suplemented (control) group, grazing on Echinochloa polystachia grass; T2= grazing plus 1 Kg/d/head of a concentrate to 11% Crude Protein (CP), and T3= grazing plus 1h/d of pruning an arboreal legume (Leucaena leucocephala). After postmortem, muscles samples were removed from their carcasses to study the effects of supplementation on the proximal (content of protein, moisture, total lipids and ash) and mineral composition (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, and P), cholesterol content. Analysis of variance was conducted by the least squares method. The variance analysis did not reveal significant effect (P>0.05) of the supplementation treatments on the proximal composition, cholesterol and mineral content in the longissimus dorsi muscle. Meat derived from Criollo Limonero steers showed low levels of total lipids and cholesterol, which indicated that meat derived from these animals could be marketed as light meat or low in fat.

Efecto de la suplementación estratégica, régimen de implantes y condición sexual sobre la composición proximal y mineral de carne de bovinos cruda y cocida / Effect of strategic supplementation, implant regime and gender on the proximate and mineral composition of raw and cooked bovine meat

Se evaluó el efecto de suplementación, régimen de implantes (RI) y condición sexual (CS) sobre la composición proximal y mineral del longissimus dorsi crudo y cocido, de 89 animales (77 toros y 12 novillos) alimentados al azar con pasto (NSUE) o con suplementación estratégica (SUE). Un grupo (n= 49) fueron implantado con una doble dosis de Ralgro® (2Ralgro), con reimplante a los 90 d.; a otro (n=40), con un tratamiento mixto: Revalor® por 90 d., luego 2Ralgro (Revalor-2Ralgro). El análisis de varianza (ANOVA) reveló que la carne cruda de los toros SUE, mostró mayor contenido de humedad (HUM) (P<0,05) (74,23 vs. 73,88 g/100g de muestra), mientras que el Na fue el único mineral afectado (P<0,05) en las muestras cocidas de los NSUE (71,32 vs. 69,16 mg/100g de muestra). RI sólo afectó el contenido de Na y Cu observándose un aumento (P<0,05) en la carne cocida de toros implantados con Revalor-2Ralgro. CS afectó a HUM (P<0,05), mostrando la carne cocida de novillos el mayor contenido. La SUE x RI incrementó(P<0,05) el contenido de proteínas (PC) en la carne cocida de los toros SUE implantados con Revalor-2Ralgro, mientras que la CS x RI incrementó el contenido de lípidos (LIP) y la concentración de K de la carne cruda de novillos. Se observó que ni SUE ni IR produjeron los resultados esperados, es decir, un aumento del PC, y la disminución en LIP en las muestras de carne consideradas; los incrementos observados en la carne cocida se debieron probablemente a la pérdida del agua durante la cocción. Los resultados sugieren que la suplementación estratégica, la administración de implantes hormonales y la castración utilizados para maximizar los índices productivos del ganado, si bien no produjeron un beneficio adicional en lacomposición química de las carnes, tampoco disminuyeron la calidad nutricional de las mismas.

The effect of supplementation, implant regime (IR) and gender (G) on the proximal and mineral composition of the raw and cooked longissimus dorsi muscle, from 89 animals (77 bulls and 12 steers) was studied. A randomly selected group of animals was grass-fed (NSUE) and other was strategically supplemented (SUE). One group (n= 49) was implanted with one double dose of Ralgro® (2Ralgro) and then reimplanted to the 90 d. Another one (n= 40) was treated with a mixture: Revalor® for 90 d. then 2Ralgro before the slaughter (Revalor-2Ralgro). The analysis of the variance (ANOVA) detected a higher moisture (M) content in the raw SUE bull meat (74.23 vs. 73.88 g/100g of sample), while only Na from NSUE was the mineral affected in the cooked meat (71.32 vs. 69.16 g/100g of sample). IR only affected (P<0.05) the Na and Cu content; an increase in the cooked bull meat reimplanted with Revalor-2Ralgro was observed. Gender (G) affected (P<0.05) M, being higher in the cooked steers meat samples. SUE x IR interaction significantly (P<0.05) increased the protein content (PC) in the cooked bull meat (SUE) implanted with Revalor-2Ralgro, while G x IR interaction had provoked an increase in LIP and K contents of the raw steers meat. It is inferred that neither SUE nor IR caused the expected results, it is to say, an increase in PC nor a decrease in LIP in the meat samples considered; the increments observed in the cooked meat was probably due to loss of the water during cooking. Results suggest of SUE, IR and castration used for maximize the cattle productive index, although they did not produce an additional benefit in the chemical composition of the meat samples, did not diminish their nutritional quality either.