RESUMO
The weight coefficients of appearance traits, extract yield of standard decoction, and total content of honokiol and magnolol were determined by analytic hierarchy process(AHP), criteria importance though intercrieria correlation(CRITIC), and AHP-CRITIC weighting method, and the comprehensive scores were calculated. The effects of ginger juice dosage, moistening time, proces-sing temperature, and processing time on the quality of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex(MOC) were investigated, and Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the process parameters. To reveal the processing mechanism, MOC, ginger juice-processed Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex(GMOC), and water-processed Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex(WMOC) were compared. The results showed that the weight coefficients of the appearance traits, extract yield of standard decoction, and total content of honokiol and magnolol determined by AHP-CRITIC weighting method were 0.134, 0.287, and 0.579, respectively. The optimal processing parameters of GMOC were ginger juice dosage of 8%, moistening time of 120 min, and processing at 100 â for 7 min. The content of syringoside and magnolflorine in MOC decreased after processing, and the content of honokiol and magnolol followed the trend of GMOC>MOC>WMOC, which suggested that the change in clinical efficacy of MOC after processing was associated with the changes of chemical composition. The optimized processing technology is stable and feasible and provides references for the modern production and processing of MOC.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Lignanas , Magnolia , Zingiber officinale , Magnolia/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Lignanas/químicaRESUMO
Objective: To investigate the protective effects of salidroside on endothelial cells in rats with frostbite after chronic hypoxia. Methods: Healthy male SD rats, randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 rats in each group, which included the sham injury group, the model group, and the model +salidroside group. The rats in each group were placed in a composite low-pressure chamber to simulate a environment with a pressure of 54.1 kpa and a temperature of 23~25°C. The rats were exposed to hypoxia under these conditions for 14 days, during the experimental time the rats in the model+salidroside group were treated with 50 mg/kg salidroside daily. After the rats were removed from the low-pressure chamber, except for the sham injury group, frozen iron sheets were applied tightly to the back of the rats for 30 s, supplemented with low temperature for frostbite modeling. Blood and skin tissues were collected at 12 hours after modeling for testing. The structural changes in tissue and vascular endothelial cells were observed in the frostbite region. Vascular endothelial cell particulate EMP levels were detected. The levels of ICAM-1, sEPCR, vWF, ET-1 and NO secretion were determined. The expression levels of HIF-1α, p-PI3K, p-Akt and VEGF were detected by Western blot. Results: Salidroside could effectively reduce skin collapse in frostbitten areas. It could reduce the injury of frostbitten tissues, and improve the subcutaneous tissue necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. The autophagy of vascular endothelial cells was reduced. Compared with the model group (0.250±0.165)%, the expression of EMPs in the model+salidroside group (2.453±0.196)% was increased significantly (Pï¼0.01). In addition, the contents of NO (2.622±0.219)pg/ml was also significantly higher than that of the model group (1.616±0.152)pg/ml (Pï¼0.01), and the content of vWF (233.50±13.43)pg/ml was lower than that of the model group (315.60±8.78)pg/ml (Pï¼0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of ICAM-1, sEPCR and ET-1. Salidroside significantly decreased the expressions of p-PI3K, p-Akt, VEGF and HIF-1α protein in vascular endothelial cells of rats with frostbite (Pï¼0.01). Conclusion: Salidroside can reduce endothelial cell damage, reduce endothelial cell autophagy and promote endothelial cell regeneration. Based on the PI3K/Akt pathway, salidroside has a good protective effect on endothelial cells of rats with frostbite after chronic hypoxia.
Assuntos
Células Endoteliais , Congelamento das Extremidades , Masculino , Animais , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Fator de von WillebrandRESUMO
Totally 21 batches of Gastrodiae Rhizoma pieces from various habitats with different appearance characteristics were analyzed. Five active components( gastrodin,4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol,parishin B,parishin C,and parishin A) were determined by UPLC. Polysaccharide content was determined by phenol sulfuric acid method. And the content of alcohol extracts was determined. The correlation between appearance characteristics and active components,polysaccharide content and amount of alcohol extracts of Gastrodiae Rhizoma pieces was statistically analyzed by SPSS 19. 0 software. And the five active components in the 21 Gastrodiae Rhizoma pieces were clustered by using the Ward' s method in SPSS 19. 0 software. The study found that inconspicuous keratinous Gastrodiae Rhizoma had a low content of each component,and the degree of keratin was positively correlated with the content of each component and the extract,with no significant correlation with the polysaccharide content. In the cluster analysis,the 21 batches were divided into three groups,except the second group whose gastrodin content was significantly higher than the special conditions of other groups. According to the content of the five active components,19 batches of Gastrodiae Rhizoma pieces were classified into two groups with obvious keratin and no obvious keratin. In terms of color,with the deepening of brown color,the content of each component showed a downward trend. The grading of decoction pieces of Gastrodiae Rhizoma shall give full consideration to the color and texture. And the combination of chemical composition and appearance characteristics is an indicator to evaluate the product specification standards.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Gastrodia , RizomaRESUMO
In order to determine the quality evaluation method for standard decoction of Coptidis Rhizoma,15 batches of standard decoction of Coptidis Rhizoma were prepared by using standardized process. Parameters such as traits,p H value,indicative component content,fingerprint similarity,composition transfer rate and dry extract rate were selected as the indexes for quality evaluation. Similarity evaluation and cluster analysis were performed for HPLC fingerprint of standard decoction,and mathematical model was used to study the correlation between dry extract rate,berberine content,berberine transfer rate in standard decoction and berberine content in decoction pieces. The results showed that the similarity of fingerprints was greater than 0. 99 for these 15 batches of standard decoctions of Coptidis Rhizoma. In cluster analysis,the standard decoctions of Coptidis Rhizoma from 4 producing areas were classified into 3 categories,consistent with the content determination results,indicating that there were quality differences among different producing areas.R2 in three linear regression mathematical models established was all greater than 0. 9,with significant difference. The validation of three batches of data showed that the models had good accuracy. Therefore,this model can be used to predict the quality of standard decoction prepared from different Coptidis Rhizoma pieces. In the standard decoction process established in this study,the integrity of the traditional process was greatly preserved,and the established quality evaluation method could be used to comprehensively examine the quality of the standard decoction,which can provide a demonstration for the related research of water extraction preparation containing Coptidis Rhizoma pieces.
Assuntos
Berberina/análise , Coptis/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/análise , Controle de Qualidade , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Coptis chinensis , Modelos Lineares , Rizoma/químicaRESUMO
An analysis method was established by UPLC fingerprint and then applied to simultaneous determination of multiple compounds in Gardeniae Fructus from different areas in China. Samples were separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18( 2. 1 mm×50 mm,1. 7 µm) column with 0. 1% formic acid-water and acetonitrile solution as gradient mobile phase at a flow rate of 0. 4 m L·min-1 at various wavelengths. The similarity of samples was over 0. 95 with â³Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine( 2012 edition) â³. The UPLC common fingerprints for 32 batches were established with 19 common peaks identified. The samples were divided into 3 groups analyzed by HCA and PCA. Five components were identified as the main compositions which caused the differences of chemical constituents in the samples from different areas with partial least squares discriminant analysis( PLS-DA). The content of the total components in each area was Zhejiang > Fujian > Jiangxi > Sichuan. This method was accurate and viable,could be used to evaluate the quality of Gardeniae Fructus.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/normas , Frutas/química , Gardenia/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , China , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/análiseRESUMO
To optimize the technology of Gardeniae Fructus processed with ginger juice,establish fingerprints and simultaneously determine seven compounds( geniposidic acid,chlorogenic acid,genipin-1-ß-D-gentiobioside,geniposide,rutin,crocin â ,and crocin â ¡) by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography( UPLC). Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18( 2. 1 mm×50 mm,1. 7µm) column was used with acetonitrile and 0. 1% formic acid solution as mobile phase for gradient elution at the flow rate of 0. 4 m L·min-1. The data was comprehensively processed and analyzed with similarity evaluation,principal component analysis( PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis( PLS-DA) methods. Twenty common peaks were identified in this study,and the similarity of samples was over 0. 97. The results of PCA and PLS-DA showed that there were differences in chemical compositions and contents between the raw Gardeniae Fructus and those processed with ginger juice,with 9 potential differentiated chromatographic peaks. After being processed with ginger juice,the contents of chlorogenic acid,crocin â and crocin â ¡ were less than before and the contents of other four compositions were higher than before. The optimized preparation for Gardeniae Fructus processed with ginger juice was stable and feasible. The methods of UPLC fingerprints and simultaneous determination of seven components can be effectively carried out to distinguish Gardeniae Fructus and Gardeniae Fructus processed with ginger juice.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Gardenia/química , Tecnologia Farmacêutica/métodos , Zingiber officinale , Carotenoides/análise , Ácido Clorogênico/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Frutas/químicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris), a unicellular green microalga, has been widely used as a food supplement and reported to have antioxidant and anticancer properties. The current study was designed to assess the cytotoxic, apoptotic, and DNA-damaging effects of C. vulgaris growth factor (CGF), hot water C. vulgaris extracts, inlung tumor A549 and NCI-H460 cell lines. METHODS: A549 cells, NCI-H460 cells, and normal human fibroblasts were treated with CGF at various concentrations (0-300 µg/ml) for 24 hr. The comet assay and γH2AX assay showed DNA damage in A549 and NCI-H460 cells upon CGF exposure. Evaluation of apoptosis by the TUNEL assay and DNA fragmentation analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis showed that CGF induced apoptosis in A549 and NCI-H460 cells. RESULTS: Chlorella vulgaris hot water extract induced apoptosis and DNA damage in human lung carcinoma cells. CONCLUSION: CGF can thus be considered a potential cytotoxic or genotoxic drug for treatment of lung carcinoma.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Chlorella vulgaris/química , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Dano ao DNA , HumanosRESUMO
To investigate the antiemetic effect of the active extract (ginger ether extract, GEE) and its bioactive compounds in ginger, the pica vomiting model in rats and the gastric emptying model in mice were used to observe the antiemetic effect of GEE in cisplatin-induced pica and gastric emptying, and the main components in GEE were detected by RP-HPLC; in vitro, the antagonist effect of GEE and the four components in it were explored by the contraction of guinea-pig ileum induced by SR57227A and carbachol. The results showed that the amount of Kaolin ingested by rats were declined significantly in all the three groups of GEE (25,50,100 mgâ¢kg⻹) (P<0.01), while cisplatin-induced gastric emptying in mice was also suppressed in all the three groups (P<0.01), and 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol,10-gingerol and 6-shogaol were found mainly in GEE by RP-HPLC; the maximum contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum could be reduced by addition of GEE (2.3, 4.6, 11.5 mgâ¢L⻹), 6-gingerol,8-gingerol,10-gingerol or 6-shogaol (1, 2, 5 µmolâ¢L⻹) when the concentration of SR5727A was 1×10â»5 molâ¢L⻹ and that of carbachol was 1×10â»4 molâ¢L⻹ (P<0.05, P<0.01). In conclusion, 5-HT3 and M3 receptors could be antagonized by GEE and its bioactive compounds 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol and 6-shogaol, which may be correlated with the antiemetic mechanism of ginger maybe related to it.
Assuntos
Antieméticos/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Vômito/tratamento farmacológico , Zingiber officinale/química , Animais , Antieméticos/química , Catecóis/administração & dosagem , Catecóis/química , Álcoois Graxos/administração & dosagem , Álcoois Graxos/química , Cobaias , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Extratos Vegetais/química , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To research the process mechanism of Atractylodes macrocephala and conversion of sesquiterpenes from it. METHOD: The contents of atractylenolide I, II and III in the different processed herbal medicines were determined by HPLC. The conversion of the sesquiterpenes was proved by the separation of oxides of atractylone. RESULT: The contents of atractylenolide I and III increased after frying, and at high temperature the content of atract ylenolide III decreased. After oxidation, atractylone converted to atractylenolide I, III and biatractylenolide, and atractylenolide III converted to atractylenolide II after dehydration when heated. CONCLUSION: Atractylone can convert to atractylenolides during process of A. macrocephala, and the contents of each component are related to the level of process.
Assuntos
Atractylodes/química , Lactonas/análise , Plantas Medicinais/química , Sesquiterpenos/análise , Tecnologia Farmacêutica/métodos , Dessecação , Temperatura Alta , Lactonas/química , Estrutura Molecular , Oxirredução , Rizoma/química , Sesquiterpenos/química , TemperaturaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Confirm the irritation of needle-like calcium oxalate crystals in raw Pinellia ternata. METHOD: Comparing the irritations of raw P. ternate containing calcium oxalate crystals, the raw P. ternate no containing calcium oxalate crystals, the pure needle-like calcium oxalate crystals isolated from raw P. ternata, the extracts of water and various solvents from raw P. ternate. by using the model of rabbits' eyes. Studying the quantity effect relationship of different concentration suspensions of needle-like calcium oxalate crystal isolated from raw P. ternate on rabbits' eyes. Observing the shape and appearance of calcium oxalate crystals in raw P. ternate and raw India Madder Root by the electro microscope and comparing their irritation degrees with the same contents of calcium oxalate crystals. RESULT: Calcium oxalate crystals in raw P. ternata showed very strong irritation property. Under the same content of calcium oxalate crystals, the irritation of raw P. ternata and pure needle-like calcium oxalate crystals isolated from raw P. ternate had no significant difference. The concentrations of needle-like calcium oxalate crystals were do relative to the degree of irritation on rabbits' eyes and they showed undoubted quantity-effect relationship. CONCLUSION: Calcium oxalate crystal is the irritation component in raw P. ternata.
Assuntos
Oxalato de Cálcio/toxicidade , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Oftalmopatias/induzido quimicamente , Pinellia , Animais , Oxalato de Cálcio/química , Oxalato de Cálcio/isolamento & purificação , Túnica Conjuntiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Córnea/efeitos dos fármacos , Cristalização , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/isolamento & purificação , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/toxicidade , Feminino , Iris/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Pinellia/química , Raízes de Plantas/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Coelhos , Distribuição Aleatória , Rubia/químicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To look for and determine the distinctive compound in Pinellia ternata. METHOD: With TLC, HPLC, the distinctive compound was found and obtained by using the method of HPLC preparation. Its structure was elucidated by spectral analysis and physico-chemical properties. RESULT: The compound was identified as inosine. CONCLUSION: Inosine is the distinctive compound in Rhizome of P. ternata, and it was isolated from Banxia for the first time.