RESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanism of Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17, a probiotic strain isolated from human breast milk, on dexamethasone-induced muscle loss in mice and cultured myotubes. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with dexamethasone, and orally administered L. gasseri BNR17 for 21 days. L. gasseri BNR17 treatment ameliorated dexamethasone-induced decline in muscle function, as evidenced by an increase in forelimb grip strength, treadmill running time, and rotarod retention time in both female and male mice. In addition, L. gasseri BNR17 treatment significantly increased the mass of the gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscles. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry showed a significant increase in lean body mass and a decrease in fat mass in both whole body and hind limb after treatment with L. gasseri BNR17. It was found that L. gasseri BNR17 treatment downregulated serum myostatin level and the protein degradation pathway composed of muscle-specific ubiquitin E3 ligases, MuRF1 and MAFbx, and their transcription factor FoxO3. In contrast, L. gasseri BNR17 treatment upregulated serum insulin-like growth factor-1 level and Akt-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway involved in protein synthesis in muscle. As a result, L. gasseri BNR17 treatment significantly increased the levels of major muscular proteins such as myosin heavy chain and myoblast determination protein 1. Consistent with in vivo results, L. gasseri BNR17 culture supernatant significantly ameliorated dexamethasone-induced C2C12 myotube atrophy in vitro. In conclusion, L. gasseri BNR17 ameliorates muscle loss by downregulating the protein degradation pathway and upregulating the protein synthesis pathway.
Assuntos
Dexametasona , Lactobacillus gasseri , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas , Proteínas Musculares , Músculo Esquelético , Atrofia Muscular , Probióticos , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases , Animais , Dexametasona/efeitos adversos , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/metabolismo , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Feminino , Masculino , Proteínas Musculares/metabolismo , Atrofia Muscular/induzido quimicamente , Atrofia Muscular/metabolismo , Atrofia Muscular/tratamento farmacológico , Lactobacillus gasseri/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/genética , Proteínas Ligases SKP Culina F-Box/metabolismo , Proteínas Ligases SKP Culina F-Box/genética , Proteínas com Motivo Tripartido/metabolismo , Proteínas com Motivo Tripartido/genética , Proteína Forkhead Box O3/metabolismo , Proteína Forkhead Box O3/genética , Humanos , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismoRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the biological activities of Lactobacillus gasseri SM 05 (L. gasseri) and Lacticaseibacillus casei subsp. casei PTCC 1608 (L. casei) in the black raspberry (Rubus dolichocarpus) juice (BRJ) environment, and also the anti-adhesion activity against Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) in fermented black raspberry juice (FBRJ). Results showed significant anti-adhesion activity in Caco-2 epithelial cells. In the anti-adhesion process, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) improve intestinal health by preventing the adhesion of pathogens. Adding LAB to BRJ produces metabolites with bacteriocin properties. Major findings of this research include improved intestinal health, improved antidiabetic properties, inhibition of degradation of amino acids, and increase in the nutritional value of foods that have been subjected to heat processing by preventing Maillard inhibition, and inhibition of oxidation of foodstuff by increased antioxidant activity of BRJ. Both species of Lactobacillus effectively controlled the growth of S. typhimurium during BRJ fermentation. Moreover, in all tests, as well as Maillard's and α-amylase inhibition, L. gasseri was more effective than L. casei. The phenolic and flavonoid compounds increased significantly after fermentation by both LAB (p < 0.05). Adding Stevia extract to FBRJ and performing the HHP process showed convenient protection of phenolic compounds compared to heat processing.
Assuntos
Lacticaseibacillus casei , Lactobacillus gasseri , Probióticos , Rubus , Stevia , Humanos , Fermentação , Células CACO-2 , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
Menopause is a significant phase in a woman's life. Menopausal symptoms can affect overall well-being and quality of life. Conventionally, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is used to alleviate menopausal symptoms; however, depending on the conditions, HRT may lead to side effects, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapies with fewer side effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of a combination of soybean germ extract (S30) containing 30% (w/w) isoflavone and a probiotic, Lactobacillus gasseri (LGA1), on menopausal conditions in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model. We evaluated the impact of S30+LGA on body weight, estrogen markers, uterine and bone health, vascular markers, and neurotransmitter levels. The results revealed that treatment with S30+LGA1 significantly improved body weight and uterine and bone health. Moreover, S30+LGA1 demonstrated promising effects on lipid profile, liver function, and vascular markers and positively impacted serotonin and norepinephrine levels, indicating potential mood-enhancing effects. In conclusion, S30+LGA1, possessing anti-menopausal effects in vitro and in vivo, can be recommended as a soy-based diet, which offers various health benefits, especially for menopausal women.
Assuntos
Glycine max , Lactobacillus gasseri , Ratos , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Menopausa , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Peso CorporalRESUMO
Sulfated polysaccharides from sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus (SCSPsj) have been found to modulate the gut microbiota by promoting the growth of probiotics. However, the effects of the combination of SCSPsj and probiotics are still less known. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of SCSPsj and Lactobacillus gasseri on gut microbiota-altered mice through gut microbiota and metabolomics analysis. In the present study, supplementation with SCSPsj, L. gasseri or the combination of SCSPsj and L. gasseri could effectively ameliorate the body weight gain and fat accumulation in gut microbiota-altered mice treated with low-dose penicillin. The better effect of the combination of SCSPsj and L. gasseri is attributed to the synergistic effect of SCSPsj and L. gasseri. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the combination of SCSPsj and L. gasseri can synergistically improve gut microbiota dysbiosis by increasing Lactobacillus and reducing Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002. Furthermore, metabolomics results revealed that the combination of SCSPsj and L. gasseri can alleviate metabolic disorders by reducing the levels of lipid and lipid-like molecules in the serum samples, such as trans-vaccenic acid and 3ß-hydroxy-5-cholestene. Our findings have proved that the combination of SCSPsj and L. gasseri can benefit host health attributed to the synergistic effect, which is conducive to further application in functional food.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Lactobacillus gasseri , Probióticos , Pepinos-do-Mar , Stichopus , Camundongos , Animais , Sobrepeso , Sulfatos/farmacologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Lipídeos/farmacologia , Probióticos/farmacologiaRESUMO
This study investigated the effects of a synbiotic combination (Syn) of Lactobacillus gasseri 505 (505) and Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extract (CT) on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in mice under chronic stress. Unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) significantly increased the serum levels of corticosterone, however, treatment with Syn suppressed UCMS-induced increases. Histopathological analysis of the testes showed that these organs experienced some damage during UCMS, but this was repaired following treatment with Syn. Similarly, the transcription levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), GnRH receptor, and gonadotropins, moreover, testicular development (i.e., Adam5, Adam29, and Spam1) - and steroidogenesis (i.e., Lhr, Egfr, and StAR) -related genes were significantly downregulated by UCMS. These UCMS-induced changes were inhibited by the administration of Syn, which was confirmed by the results of in situ hybridization analysis. These results suggest that the administration of Syn could attenuate the testicular dysfunctions induced by UCMS.
Assuntos
Lactobacillus gasseri , Moraceae , Simbióticos , Animais , Corticosterona , Lactobacillus gasseri/fisiologia , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Simbióticos/análiseRESUMO
Probiotics are known to protect against liver damage induced by the alcohol and acetaldehyde accumulation associated with alcohol intake. However, there have been few studies of the direct effect of probiotics on alcohol metabolism, and the types of probiotics that were previously analyzed were few in number. Here, we investigated the effects of 19 probiotic species on alcohol and acetaldehyde metabolism. Four probiotic species that had a relatively high tolerance to alcohol and metabolized alcohol and acetaldehyde effectively were identified: Lactobacillus gasseri CBT LGA1, Lactobacillus casei CBT LC5, Bifidobacterium lactis CBT BL3, and Bifidobacterium breve CBT BR3. These species also demonstrated high mRNA expression of alcohol and acetaldehyde dehydrogenases. ProAP4, a mixture of these four probiotics species and excipient, was then administered to rats for 2 weeks in advance of acute alcohol administration. The serum alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations were significantly lower in the ProAP4-administered group than in the control and excipient groups. Thus, the administration of ProAP4, containing four probiotic species, quickly lowers blood alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations in an alcohol and acetaldehyde dehydrogenasedependent manner. Furthermore, the serum alanine aminotransferase activity, which is indicative of liver damage, was significantly lower in the ProAP4 group than in the control group. The present findings suggest that ProAP4 may be an effective means of limiting alcohol-induced liver damage.
Assuntos
Acetaldeído/sangue , Álcool Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Aldeído Oxirredutases/metabolismo , Etanol/sangue , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Álcool Desidrogenase/genética , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/metabolismo , Aldeído Oxirredutases/genética , Animais , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Bifidobacterium animalis/genética , Bifidobacterium animalis/metabolismo , Bifidobacterium breve/genética , Bifidobacterium breve/metabolismo , Suplementos Nutricionais , Lacticaseibacillus casei/genética , Lacticaseibacillus casei/metabolismo , Lactobacillus gasseri/genética , Lactobacillus gasseri/metabolismo , Masculino , RNA Bacteriano , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo RealRESUMO
The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is a new approach in nanotechnology which was optimistically implemented in medicine, food control, and pharmacology. The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxicity effects of AgNPs produced by Lactobacillus gasseri filtrate. Also, changing color from yellow to brown confirmed the production of AgNPs. AgNPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, FE-SEM, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The antioxidant activity of AgNPs was tested using the DPPH assay. The scavenging test for DPPH showed 19.3%, 32.6%, 47.6%, 72%, 85.3% at concentrations (6.25, 12.5, 25, 52, 100) µg/ml, respectively, which proved that the scavenging percentage increased with increasing concentration. The effect of AgNPs on the chromosomal pattern was also studied. The results of the experiment of AgNPs against SK-GT-4 cancer cells showed the toxic activity of the used particles against the strains of these human esophageal cancer cells and failed to affect normal cells.
Assuntos
Lactobacillus gasseri , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes , Nanopartículas Metálicas/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/química , Prata/química , Prata/toxicidadeRESUMO
Previously, a synbiotic combination of probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri 505 (LG) and a new prebiotic, Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extract (CT) in fermented milk, designated FCT, showed an in vitro immunomodulatory effect and antioxidant activity. Although synbiotic combination might have cancer-protective effects, these activities have not been fully validated in vivo. Ten-week treatment of LG, CT, or FCT to azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) mouse model reduced both the incidence of colonic tumors and damage to the colonic mucosa effectively, suggesting a cancer-protective effect. To understand these, biomarkers associated with inflammation, colon barrier, apoptosis, and cancer cell proliferation were monitored in AOM/DSS group versus LG/CT/FCT groups. A synbiotic combination (FCT) down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1ß, and IL-6) and inflammation-associated enzymes (iNOS and COX-2), and up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). In addition, colon barrier experiment revealed that biomarkers of mucus layer (MUC-2 and TFF3) and tight junction (occludin and ZO-1) were up-regulated. Subsequent apoptosis experiment showed that pro-apoptotic factors (p53, p21, and Bax) were up-regulated and anti-apoptotic factors (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) were down-regulated. Furthermore, comparative metagenome analysis of gut microbiota revealed that Staphylococcus decreased but Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia increased, supporting their protective effects, accompanied by increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Taken together, the FCT administration showed cancer-protective effects by reducing the risk of colitis-associated colon cancer via regulation of inflammation, carcinogenesis, and compositional change of gut microbiota. Consequently, the synbiotic combination (FCT) could be a novel potential health-protective natural agent against CAC.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Associadas a Colite/tratamento farmacológico , Lactobacillus gasseri/fisiologia , Maclura/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Simbióticos , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Associadas a Colite/imunologia , Neoplasias Associadas a Colite/microbiologia , Neoplasias Associadas a Colite/patologia , Colo/efeitos dos fármacos , Colo/metabolismo , Colo/microbiologia , Colo/patologia , Produtos Fermentados do Leite/análise , Produtos Fermentados do Leite/microbiologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/análise , Fezes/química , Fezes/microbiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunomodulação , Inflamação , Camundongos , Folhas de Planta/química , Simbióticos/administração & dosagem , Simbióticos/análiseRESUMO
Gut dysbiosis, particularly bacteria from Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla, plays a fundamental role in the progression of metabolic disorders. Probiotics have shown to restore the gut microbiota composition in metabolic disorders with subsequent beneficial effects. Recent studies have reported that several species of Lactobacillus as probiotic supplementation improve insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. Nonetheless, whether Lactobacillus could influence the epigenetic modifications that underlie insulin-resistant conditions is still unexplored. Therefore, the current study examined the therapeutic effects and underlying epigenetic mechanisms of three different species of Lactobacillus in the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin-resistant rats. Three different species of Lactobacillus; Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus were individually supplemented orally (109 CFU/mL) to insulin-resistant SD rats for 12 weeks. Lactobacillus supplementation led to a significant reduction in the hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia associated with HFD-induced insulin resistance. Histopathological examination also indicated the protective effects of Lactobacillus supplementation against the hepatic and intestinal damage caused by the high-fat diet. Lactobacillus supplementation also down-regulated the expression of FOXO1, a major transcription factor of insulin signaling. In addition, at the epigenetic level, Lactobacillus supplementation predominantly prevented methylation and demethylation of H3K79me2 and H3K27me3, respectively. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) coupled with quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) assay revealed the presence of cross-talk between these two histone modifications at the promoter region of FOXO1. Taken together, this is the first report to observe that the effects of Lactobacillus supplementation involve alteration in FOXO1 expression via cross-talking between H3K79me2 and H3K27me3 histone modifications.
Assuntos
Hiperglicemia/terapia , Hiperinsulinismo/terapia , Hiperlipidemias/terapia , Resistência à Insulina , Lactobacillus , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Epigênese Genética , Hiperglicemia/etiologia , Hiperglicemia/genética , Hiperinsulinismo/etiologia , Hiperinsulinismo/genética , Hiperlipidemias/etiologia , Hiperlipidemias/genética , Lactobacillus/fisiologia , Lacticaseibacillus casei/fisiologia , Lactobacillus gasseri/fisiologia , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/fisiologia , Masculino , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
Infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus worldwide has led the World Health Organization to declare a COVID-19 pandemic. Because there is no cure or treatment for this virus, it is emergingly urgent to find effective and validated methods to prevent and treat COVID-19 infection. In this context, alternatives related to nutritional therapy might help to control the infection. This narrative review proposes the importance and role of probiotics and diet as adjunct alternatives among the therapies available for the treatment of this new coronavirus. This review discusses the relationship between intestinal purine metabolism and the use of Lactobacillus gasseri and low-purine diets, particularly in individuals with hyperuricemia, as adjuvant nutritional therapies to improve the immune system and weaken viral replication, assisting in the treatment of COVID-19. These might be promising alternatives, in addition to many others that involve adequate intake of vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds from food.
Assuntos
Betacoronavirus/fisiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/terapia , Dieta/métodos , Imunomodulação/fisiologia , Pneumonia Viral/terapia , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Betacoronavirus/imunologia , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/microbiologia , Humanos , Lactobacillus gasseri/imunologia , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/imunologia , Pneumonia Viral/microbiologia , Purinas/imunologia , Purinas/metabolismo , SARS-CoV-2 , Replicação Viral/imunologiaRESUMO
Dry mouth, hyposalivation, or xerostomia is a significant problem in diabetic patients; however, there has been no way to relieve these symptoms. This study's aim was to evaluate the effects of Ixeris dentata (IXD) in combination with lactobacillus extract on the salivation rate in diabetes-induced dry mouth, and its mechanism was also investigated. In the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes model, the dry mouth condition was established as a model. Here, rats were treated with water or IXD through the sublingual spray, and subsequently treated with or without a spray of lactobacillus extract. In diabetes condition, the salivary flow rate, amylase activity, and aquaporin-5 and Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE-1) expressions were markedly decreased, whereas they were more significantly recovered in the sequential treatment of IXD-lactobacillus extract than in each single treatment. Furthermore, oxidative stress and its related ER stress response were especially regulated in the IXD/lactobacillus extract condition, where the following anti-oxidative enzymes, glutathione assay (GSH: GSSG) ratio, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were involved. This study suggests that the combination of IXD and lactobacillus would be a potential alternative medicine against diabetes-induced hyposalivation and xerostomia.
Assuntos
Asteraceae/química , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicações , Lactobacillus gasseri , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Salivação/efeitos dos fármacos , Xerostomia/tratamento farmacológico , Xerostomia/etiologia , Administração Sublingual , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Estresse do Retículo Endoplasmático/efeitos dos fármacos , Lactobacillus gasseri/química , Sprays Orais , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Xerostomia/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
The intestinal ecosystem is involved in the pathogenesis of mood disorders such as depression. Intestinal microbes can affect the central nervous system through the gut-brain axis, which raises the possibility of using probiotics for preventing depression. In this study, we examined the effect of heat-inactivated Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 (CP2305) in a subchronic and mild social defeat stress (sCSDS) mouse model. sCSDS suppressed food intake. However, dietary CP2305 intake rescued it, suggesting that CP2305 improved the decreased appetite in sCSDS mice. sCSDS did not alter the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and neurotrophin-3 in the hippocampus. However, dietary CP2305 provided following sCSDS increased the gene expression of these neurotrophins in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that CP2305 supplementation would aid in preventing psychosocial stress-induced disorders.
Assuntos
Comportamento Animal , Ingestão de Alimentos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Temperatura Alta , Lactobacillus gasseri , Estresse Psicológico , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/patologia , Estresse Psicológico/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is known to be a life-threatening disease and commonly leads to metastasis in the liver. Fermented milk acts as an effective carrier for probiotic strains, whose consumption improves host health. Our previous study indicated that fermented milk that included a synbiotic combination of Lactobacillus gasseri 505 (505) and Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extract (CT) resulted in significantly greater anti-oxidative effects than fermented milk without CT. Therefore, we hypothesized that fermented milk containing CT and 505 (FCT) could result in hepatoprotective effects against CRC-induced liver metastasis. Liver inflammation and CRC were induced in male C57BL/6J mice, using azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate, and 505, CT, and FCT were administered to the 3 sample-treated 505, CT, and FCT groups, respectively, for 10 wk. The results showed that FCT treatment significantly reduced serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase concentrations and elevated albumin concentrations. Moreover, the results of histological analysis showed that hepatic steatosis was notably reduced in the FCT group. Among the 3 sample-treated groups, the expression of mRNA associated with enzymes showing anti-oxidative activities, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase, was the highest in the FCT-treated mice. In addition, FCT administration resulted in the greatest anti-inflammatory activity, as inflammatory marker levels (i.e., tumor necrosis factor-α, cyclooxygenase-2, myeloperoxidase, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells) were significantly downregulated at the mRNA level and the expression of proteins associated with the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways was suppressed by FCT. Therefore, this study demonstrated that fermented milk containing novel synbiotics has the potential to prevent hepatic toxicity induced because of CRC owing to its enhanced anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Lactobacillus gasseri , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/secundário , Moraceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Neoplasias Colorretais/sangue , Neoplasias Colorretais/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Produtos Fermentados do Leite , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Sulfato de Dextrana , Fermentação , Lactobacillus gasseri/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Leite , Probióticos , Substâncias Protetoras/uso terapêutico , SimbióticosRESUMO
Oxalate, a ubiquitous compound in many plant-based foods, is absorbed through the intestine and precipitates with calcium in the kidneys to form stones. Over 80% of diagnosed kidney stones are found to be calcium oxalate. People who form these stones often experience a high rate of recurrence and treatment options remain limited despite decades of dedicated research. Recently, the intestinal microbiome has become a new focus for novel therapies. Studies have shown that select species of Lactobacillus, the most commonly included genus in modern probiotic supplements, can degrade oxalate in vitro and even decrease urinary oxalate in animal models of Primary Hyperoxaluria. Although the purported health benefits of Lactobacillus probiotics vary significantly between species, there is supporting evidence for their potential use as probiotics for oxalate diseases. Defining the unique metabolic properties of Lactobacillus is essential to define how these bacteria interact with the host intestine and influence overall health. We addressed this need by characterizing and comparing the metabolome and lipidome of the oxalate-degrading Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. We report many species-specific differences in the metabolic profiles of these Lactobacillus species and discuss potential probiotic relevance and function resulting from their differential expression. Also described is our validation of the oxalate-degrading ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri, even in the presence of other preferred carbon sources, measuring in vitro 14C-oxalate consumption via liquid scintillation counting.
Assuntos
Lactobacillus acidophilus/metabolismo , Lactobacillus gasseri/metabolismo , Metabolômica , Oxalatos/metabolismo , Probióticos/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Lipidômica , Espectrometria de Massas , Contagem de CintilaçãoRESUMO
Introduction. Severely burned patients are susceptible to bacterial infection within their burn wounds, which frequently leads to sepsis, multiple organ failure and death. The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an organism inherently resistant to multiple antibiotics, is a common cause of sepsis in these patients.Aim. Development of a topical treatment unrelated to conventional antibiotics is essential for prevention of P. aeruginosa infection and sepsis, leading to a role for the direct application of probiotics or their by-products.Methodology. We examined the effectiveness of 20× concentrated supernatant from Lactobacillus gasseri strain 63 AM (LgCS) grown in de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe broth in inhibiting P. aeruginosa biofilms in vitro, as well as in reducing wound bioburden and P. aeruginosa sepsis in vivo.Results. LgCS inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa strain PAO1, prevented its biofilm development and eliminated partially developed PAO1 biofilms. In the murine model of thermal injury, a single injection of LgCS following injury and PAO1 infection reduced mortality to 0â% and prevented systemic spread (sepsis). Furthermore, a second injection of LgCS 24 h after the first eliminated PAO1 from the wound. In the murine dorsal excision infection model, either LgCS or ceftazidime treatment of the PAO1-infected wound significantly reduced the mortality rate among infected mice, while combining LgCS with ceftazidime eliminated mortality.Conclusion. These results suggest the potential of LgCS in preventing sepsis from P. aeruginosa infection in severely burned and other immunocompromised patients.
Assuntos
Queimaduras/complicações , Lactobacillus gasseri/fisiologia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/terapia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sepse/terapia , Músculos Superficiais do Dorso/lesões , Animais , Antibiose , Biofilmes , Terapia Biológica , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Infecções por Pseudomonas/etiologia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/mortalidade , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/fisiologia , Sepse/etiologia , Sepse/microbiologia , Sepse/mortalidade , Músculos Superficiais do Dorso/microbiologia , Músculos Superficiais do Dorso/cirurgia , Infecção dos FerimentosRESUMO
Staphylococcus aureus is the major causative agent of skin and soft tissue infections, whose prevention and treatment have become more difficult due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. In this regard, the development of an effective treatment represents a challenge that can be overcome by delivering new antibiofilm agents with appropriate nanocarriers. In this study, a biosurfactant (BS) isolated from Lactobacillus gasseri BC9 and subsequently loaded in liposomes (LP), was evaluated for its ability to prevent the development and to eradicate the biofilm of different methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. BS from L. gasseri BC9 was not cytotoxic and was able to prevent formation and to eradicate the biofilm of different MRSA strains. BS loaded liposomes (BS-LP) presented a mean diameter (lower than 200â¯nm) suitable for topical administration and a low polydispersity index (lower than 0.2) that were maintained over time for up 28â¯days. Notably, BS-LP showed higher ability than free BS to inhibit S. aureus biofilm formation and eradication. BS-LP were loaded in lyophilized matrices able to quickly dissolve (dissolution time lower than 5â¯s) upon contact with exudate, thus allowing vesicle reconstitution. In conclusion, in this work, we demonstrated the antibiofilm activity of Lactobacillus-derived BS and BS-LP against clinically relevant MRSA strains. Furthermore, the affordable production of lyophilized matrices containing BS-LP for local prevention of cutaneous infections was established.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Produtos Biológicos/administração & dosagem , Lactobacillus gasseri , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/fisiologia , Tensoativos/administração & dosagem , Células 3T3 , Animais , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Produtos Biológicos/isolamento & purificação , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Lipossomos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Tensoativos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 is a probiotic strain isolated from human breast milk. Animal studies reported that BNR17 inhibited increases in body weight and adipose tissue weights. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antiobesity effects of BNR17 in humans. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 90 volunteers aged 20-75 years with body mass index (BMI) from 25 to 35 kg/m2 were randomized to receive a placebo, low-dose BNR (BNR-L, 109 CFU/day), or high-dose BNR (BNR-H, 1010 CFU/day) for 12 weeks. Body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, abdominal adipose tissue areas, body fat mass, lean body mass, and biochemical parameters were assessed at the beginning and end of the trial. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was significantly decreased in the BNR-H group compared with the placebo group (P = .038). Difference of VAT areas of the BNR-H group compared with the placebo group after 12-week consumption of BNR17 was significant (-21.6 cm2, P = .012). Waist circumferences were significantly decreased in both the BNR-L and BNL-H groups (P = .045 and .012, respectively) compared with the baseline values, but not in the placebo group. Biochemical parameters were not significantly different among the groups. These findings suggest that daily consumption of BNR17 may contribute to reduced visceral fat mass in obese adults.
Assuntos
Gordura Intra-Abdominal/fisiologia , Lactobacillus gasseri , Obesidade/terapia , Circunferência da Cintura , Absorciometria de Fóton , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Composição Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Colesterol/sangue , Dieta , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Método Duplo-Cego , Metabolismo Energético , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/microbiologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL)-dependent upper small intestinal lipid metabolism activates pre-absorptive pathways to regulate metabolic homeostasis, but whether changes in the upper small intestinal microbiota alter specific fatty acid-dependent pathways to impact glucose homeostasis remains unknown. We here first find that upper small intestinal infusion of Intralipid, oleic acid, or linoleic acid pre-absorptively increases glucose tolerance and lowers glucose production in rodents. High-fat feeding impairs pre-absorptive fatty acid sensing and reduces upper small intestinal Lactobacillus gasseri levels and ACSL3 expression. Transplantation of healthy upper small intestinal microbiota to high-fat-fed rodents restores L. gasseri levels and fatty acid sensing via increased ACSL3 expression, while L. gasseri probiotic administration to non-transplanted high-fat-fed rodents is sufficient to restore upper small intestinal ACSL3 expression and fatty acid sensing. In summary, we unveil a glucoregulatory role of upper small intestinal L. gasseri that impacts an ACSL3-dependent glucoregulatory fatty acid-sensing pathway.
Assuntos
Coenzima A Ligases/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Glucose/metabolismo , Intestino Delgado/metabolismo , Intestino Delgado/microbiologia , Lactobacillus gasseri/metabolismo , Animais , Dieta Hiperlipídica/métodos , Emulsões/metabolismo , Transplante de Microbiota Fecal/métodos , Homeostase , Ácido Linoleico/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Ácido Oleico/metabolismo , Fosfolipídeos/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Óleo de Soja/metabolismoRESUMO
Several studies have demonstrated a diversity of bacterial species in human milk, even in aseptically collected samples. The present study evaluated potential probiotic bacteria isolated from human milk and associated maternal variables. Milk samples were collected from 47 healthy women and cultured on selective and universal agar media under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Bacterial isolates were counted and identified by Biotyper Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight mass spectrometry and then tested for probiotic properties. Total bacteria in human milk ranged from 1.5 to 4.0 log10 CFU/mL. The higher bacterial counts were found in colostrum (mean = 3.9 log10 CFU/mL, 95% CI 3.14-4.22, p = 0.00001). The most abundant species was Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 76). The potential probiotic candidates were Lactobacillus gasseri (n = 4), Bifidobacterium breve (n = 1), and Streptococcus salivarius (n = 4). Despite the small sample size, L. gasseri was isolated only in breast milk from mothers classified into a normal weight range and after a vaginally delivered partum. No potential probiotics showed antagonism against pathogens, but all of them agglutinated different pathogens. Nine bacterial isolates belonging to the species L. gasseri, B. breve, and S. salivarius were selected as potential probiotics. The present study confirms the presence in breast milk of a bacterial microbiota that could be the source of potential probiotic candidates to be used in the formula of simulated maternal milk.
Assuntos
Colostro/microbiologia , Leite Humano/microbiologia , Probióticos , Adulto , Carga Bacteriana , Bifidobacterium breve/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Humanos , Lactobacillus gasseri/isolamento & purificação , Staphylococcus epidermidis/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus salivarius/isolamento & purificação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Japanese cedar pollinosis (JCP) is a challenging public health problem in Japan. Altered gut microbiota is associated with several diseases, including allergic diseases. However, only a few studies have focused on JCP and the underlying mechanisms for probiotic effects remain unclear. In addition, this study is the first observation of the correlation between the gut microbiota and blood lipid in JCP. METHODS: Faecal samples from JCP subjects were collected before and after treatment with (n = 14) and without (n = 11) LGG-TMC0356-fermented milk for 10 weeks. Gut microbiota composition was characterized from faecal DNA using sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. RESULTS: 16S rRNA-based operational taxonomic unit clustering of the microbiota revealed that LGG-TMC0356-fermented milk significantly altered gut microbiota after 10 weeks of milk consumption, and eight dominant genera of microbes were detected. During the JCP season, the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, when compared to baseline, was significantly decreased in subjects at end of the study. Bacteroidetes showed positive correlation with LDL- and HDL-cholesterol levels, whereas Firmicutes showed negative correlation with total cholesterol, LDL- and HDL- cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS: The altered gut microbiota through supplementation of fermented milk containing the study probiotics may be a prospective target for protection against JCP, with beneficial effects on blood lipid levels.