Orthodontics in the oral health care network of the Unified Health System (SUS).

This observational study aimed to describe and analyze data from two external evaluations of the National Program for Improving Access to and Quality of Dental Specialty Centers (PMAQ CEO), held in 2014 and 2018 in Brazil, which evaluated Dental Specialty Centers (CEO) using a national and census approach. We selected questions through a search in the microdata of the first and second evaluations. The groups were analyzed independently. To compare the groups, nonparametric tests were performed (Mann Whitney U). The formulated hypotheses were: there would be no differences between the data of these groups (h0) and there would be differences between the data of these groups (h1). For qualitative nominal variables, frequency distribution was verified and association tests were performed (chi-square test). The significance level for this study was set at 5%. We observed that orthodontic treatments were found in about 13% of the CEO. Regarding human resources, most professionals were specialists or had MSc or PhD degrees; were civil servants; had been hired by direct administration; or had been hired via public tender. Regarding the work process and inclusion of the CEO in the health care network, we observed a greater number of services that use single and electronic medical records, greater presence of services monitoring and analyzing goals, greater knowledge about monthly average of absenteeism (for 2018); and larger number of services with referrals from primary health care centers (for 2014). Expanding the view on orthodontics and including preventive, interceptive, and corrective treatments at different points in health care networks are essential strategies for achieving comprehensive care in universal health systems.

[Strategies and results of the oral cancer prevention campaign among the elderly in São Paulo, Brazil, 2001 to 2009]. / Estratégias e resultados da prevenção do câncer bucal em idosos de São Paulo, Brasil, 2001 a 2009.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the strategies and results obtained by the early diagnosis and prevention of an oral cancer campaign targeting the population aged 60 years or older developed since 2001 in the state of São Paulo. METHODS: The main strategies used to develop the campaign were described based on the review of documents issued by the Health Ministry, National Cancer Institute, São Paulo State Health Department, Oncocentro Foundation of São Paulo, São Paulo City Health Department, School of Public Health at the University of São Paulo (USP), and Santa Marcelina Health Care Center. The impact of the campaign on the incidence of new cases of oral cancer in the target population was evaluated. RESULTS: In 2001, 90,886 elderly were examined vs. 629,613 in 2009. The following strategies were identified: training of professionals, development of printed materials to guide municipal governments in developing the campaign and using standardized codes and criteria, guidelines for data consolidation, establishment of patient referral flows, practical training with a specialist at the basic health care unit after the follow-up examination of individuals presenting changes in soft tissues, and increase in the number of oral diagnosis services. Between 2005 and 2009, there was a significant reduction in the rate of confirmed cases of oral cancer per 100,000 individuals examined, from 20.89 to 11.12 (P = 0.00003). CONCLUSIONS: The campaign was beneficial to the oral health of the elderly and could be extended to include other age groups and regions of the country. It may also provide a basis for the development of oral cancer prevention actions in other countries, as long as local characteristics are taken into account.

Household food insecurity, dental caries and oral-health-related quality of life in Brazilian Indigenous adults.

Food insecurity is a complex phenomenon that affects the health and wellbeing of vulnerable families. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between household food insecurity, dental caries, oral health-related quality of life, and social determinants of health among Indigenous adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Kaingang adults aged 35-44 years old from the Guarita Indigenous Land, Brazil. Food insecurity was assessed through the EBIA scale. Dental caries was assessed using the DMFT index. Participants answered the OHIP-14 questionnaire and a structured interview. Descriptive and multivariate analyzes using Poisson regression models were performed. The final sample included 107 adults from 97 households. Approximately 95% lived in food insecure families. Severe food insecurity was present in 58% of the households. The phenomenon was associated to the Bolsa Família benefit, household size, and greater perception of oral health impacts on quality of life. The high number of families affected by food insecurity reveals the social vulnerability of the Kaingang people. Food insecurity in Kaingangs adults is associated to oral health perception and social determinants of health.

Sedentary behavior, unhealthy food consumption and dental caries in 12-year-old schoolchildren: a population-based study.

This study analyzed the association between sedentary behavior (SB), unhealthy food consumption, and dental caries amongst 12-year-old schoolchildren. An epidemiological survey was carried out in the five largest cities (> 80,000 inhabitants) of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Data were collected on decayed, missing and filled teeth index (DMFT), sociodemographic characteristics, SB, unhealthy food consumption, and water fluoridation status. The analysis was based on the theoretical framework established by J Sisson. Structural equation models were performed to test the association of dental caries experience with sociodemographic, contextual, and behavioral factors. The mean DMFT index in the five cities was 1.02 (95%CI: 0.39-1.66). Higher sedentary behavior (more than 2 hours/day) [standardized coefficient (SC) = 0.21 95%CI: 0.07-0.39] and higher unhealthy food consumption (more than 4 times/week) [SC = 0.23 (0.10-0.45)] were associated with higher DMFT index than their counterparts. Also, cities with fluoridated water were associated with lower DMFT index [SC = -0.85 (-1.20--0.50)]. Families who had a per capita income above the poverty line had a direct association with unhealthy food consumption [SC = -0.24 (-0.38--0.11)]. Unhealthy food consumption mediated the association of sedentary behavior on DMFT index [SC=0.07 (0.02-0.13)]. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the findings. Sedentary behavior mediated by unhealthy food consumption had a significant association with dental caries experience. Public policies must address transdisciplinary actions to reduce sedentary behavior and unhealthy food consumption and promote water fluoridation.

Admission of dentist in Brazilian Universal Health System (SUS): a priority agenda for the strengthening of Smiling Brazil. / Mecanismos de ingresso de dentistas no SUS: uma agenda prioritária para o fortalecimento do Brasil Sorridente.

This article aims at: i) describing and analyzing the expansion of dental care in the Unified Health System (SUS); ii) Identifying and analyzing the characteristics of hiring dentists' in the public service; iii) characterizing public vacancies, their duties and remuneration. In this descriptive case study, databases of the Ministry of Health were consulted and public tender notices. The findings indicate that 48% of the dentists enrolled in the National Registry of Health Establishments (CNES) perform care in the SUS, in 13 years there was an increase of 118% of the municipalities with oral health teams (eSB) implanted. The population coverage estimated by eSB increased by 10.46% between the years 2007 and 2015. The main mechanism for joining the Dental Specialties Centers (CEO) was the public tender. Primary care salaries ranged from 1.05 to 12.67 Brazilian minimum wages, to 40-hour weekly jobs, and to CEOs from 3.35 to 7.05. It is concluded that, among other measures, the planning of HRH strategies is necessary. The continuity of successes regulatory measures of labor contracts and support to local managers enter the agenda of priority actions of oral health policy.

Este artigo objetiva i) descrever e analisar a expansão do provimento de dentistas no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS); ii) identificar e analisar as características do vínculo trabalhista dos dentistas com o serviço; iii) caracterizar as vagas em concurso público, no que se refere aos requisitos, atribuições e remuneração. Neste estudo de caso, descritivo, foram consultados bancos de dados do Ministério da Saúde e editais de concurso público. Os achados apontam que 48% dos dentistas cadastrados no Cadastro Nacional dos Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES) realizam atendimento no SUS, em 13 anos observou-se um aumento de 118% dos municípios com equipes de saúde bucal (eSB) implantadas. A cobertura populacional estimada pelas eSB aumentou 10,46% entre os anos de 2007 e 2015. O principal mecanismo de ingresso nos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEO) foi o concurso público. O salário na atenção primária variou de 1,05 a 12,67 salários mínimos, para cargos de 40 horas semanais e nos CEOs de 3,35 a 7,05. Conclui-se que é necessário, entre outras medidas, o planejamento de estratégias voltadas aos recursos humanos em saúde. A continuidade dos êxitos alcançados demanda que medidas regulatórias dos contratos de trabalho e apoio aos gestores entrem na agenda das ações da política em saúde bucal.

Orthodontics in the oral health care network of the Unified Health System (SUS)

Abstract This observational study aimed to describe and analyze data from two external evaluations of the National Program for Improving Access to and Quality of Dental Specialty Centers (PMAQ CEO), held in 2014 and 2018 in Brazil, which evaluated Dental Specialty Centers (CEO) using a national and census approach. We selected questions through a search in the microdata of the first and second evaluations. The groups were analyzed independently. To compare the groups, nonparametric tests were performed (Mann Whitney U). The formulated hypotheses were: there would be no differences between the data of these groups (h0) and there would be differences between the data of these groups (h1). For qualitative nominal variables, frequency distribution was verified and association tests were performed (chi-square test). The significance level for this study was set at 5%. We observed that orthodontic treatments were found in about 13% of the CEO. Regarding human resources, most professionals were specialists or had MSc or PhD degrees; were civil servants; had been hired by direct administration; or had been hired via public tender. Regarding the work process and inclusion of the CEO in the health care network, we observed a greater number of services that use single and electronic medical records, greater presence of services monitoring and analyzing goals, greater knowledge about monthly average of absenteeism (for 2018); and larger number of services with referrals from primary health care centers (for 2014). Expanding the view on orthodontics and including preventive, interceptive, and corrective treatments at different points in health care networks are essential strategies for achieving comprehensive care in universal health systems.

Análise das urgências odontológicas durante a pandemia da covid-19 / Analysis of dental emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic

Aim: to analyze, between 2019-2021, the quantitative changes in dental emergencies (DE) in Brazil and its regions. Materials and Methods: Data collected in the Primary Care Health Information System (SISAB) from 2019 to 2021. The DE represented by dentoalveolar abscess (DAA) and toothache (TA). 2019 was the control (non-pandemic), and 2020-21 the exposure year. Durbin-Conover's Friedman and Post-Hoc tests used a significance level of 5%. The data's organization used the percentage difference to facilitate analysis. Results: For Brazil in 2021, the percentage difference with 2019 suggests that DAA (-2.16%, p=1.0) and TA (+14.94%, p=0.064) returned to values after fall of 2020. The South region, in 2020, had no decrease in DAA (-5.48%, p=0.436) and TA (+3.7%, p<0.001) in 2020, and an increase in both in 2021 (DAA: +26.86%, p<0.001; TA: +51.06%, p<0.001). Discussion: In 2021, in Brazil, limited elective access and resumption of DAA and increase in TA suggest worsening the oral health and quality of life. The DAA and TA results in the South region do not provide plausible evidence to understand the unchanged values in 2020 and the considerable increase in 2021. Conclusion: Regardless of the pandemic, elective access still struggles to offer universal acessing, equitable, and the need of investments are essentials to prevent public services from becoming just gateways for relieving pain and suffering.

Objetivo: analisar, entre 2019-2021, as alterações quantitativas nas urgências odontológicas (UO) no Brasil e suas regiões. Materiais e Métodos: Dados coletados no Sistema de Informação em Saúde da Atenção Básica (SISAB) no período de 2019 a 2021. A representação das UO foi pelo abscesso dento-alveolar (ADA) e dor de dente (DD). O ano de 2019 foi o ano de controle (não pandêmico) e 2020-21 os de exposição. Os testes Friedman e Post-Hoc de Durbin-Conover utilizaram nível de significância de 5%. Os dados foram organizados pela diferença percentual para facilitar a análise. Resultados: Para o Brasil em 2021, a diferença percentual com 2019 sugerem que o ADA (-2,16%, p=1,0) e a DD (+14,94%, p=0,064) retomaram os valores, após a queda de 2020. A região Sul, em 2020, não teve queda em ADA (-5,48%, p=0,436) e DD (+3,7%, p<0,001) em 2020, e aumento em ambos em 2021 (ADA: +26,86%, p<0,001; DD: +51,06%, p<0,001). Discussão: Em 2021, no Brasil, o limitado acesso eletivo e a retomada da ADA e aumento da DD sugerem piora na saúde bucal e na qualidade de vida. Os resultados de ADA e DD na região Sul não apresentam evidências plausíveis para compreender a inalteração de valores em 2020 e o considerável aumento em 2021. Conclusão: Independentemente a pandemia, o acesso eletivo ainda luta para ser universal, equânime e os investimentos precisam ser retomados para evitar que os serviços públicos se tornem em apenas portas de entrada de alívio dor e sofrimento.

Geographic Distribution of Brazilian Dentists: Motivation and Perception for Migration / Distribuição Geográfica dos Dentistas Brasileiros: Motivação e Percepção para a Migração

The Human Resources for Health (HRH) are considered as being crucial for the organization of the health systems and for the population health conditions; in this context, the purpose of this work is 1) to identify the current geographic distribution situation of Brazilian dentists, 2) to identify and analyze the perception and motivations of Brazilian dentists who migrated to the interior of the country. A case study approach was used and the data were collected from different sources (Federal Council of Dentistry, Health Graduation Indicators System, Geocapes, Brazilian National Institute of Geography and Statistics) using the mixed method, from the quantitative-qualitative exploratory sequential model, the qualitative phase was analyzed by using the "grounded theory" approach. The findings point out that the county has a great stock of dentists and that it significantly increased in recent years; however, it is poorly distributed over the territory, particularly when the differences between the interior and the capitals of the country are analyzed. The main category of the grounded theory was "The opportunities changing the ways to consolidate the professional"; the interviews point out that the dentists' place of birth and the opportunities over their professional career were crucial to determine the distribution of dentists throughout the Brazilian territory. It's concluded that Brazil has a dentistry workforce stock; however, it faces the results of the lack of HRH regulation policies which include dentistry. Such reality enhances the health gaps in some country regions and market saturation in major urban centers.(AU)

Os Recursos Humanos em Saúde (RHS) são considerados fundamentais para a organização dos sistemas de saúde e para as condições de saúde de uma população, nesse contexto o objetivo desse trabalho é 1) identificar a situação atual da distribuição geográfica de dentistas brasileiros 2) identificar e analisar a percepção e motivações de dentistas brasileiros que migraram para o interior do país. Foi utilizada a abordagem de estudo de caso e os dados foram coletados a partir de diferentes fontes (Conselho Federal de Odontologia, Sistema de Indicadores das Graduações em Saúde, Geocapes, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística), utilizando o método misto, a partir do modelo exploratório sequencial quantitativo-qualitativo, a fase qualitativa foi analisada por meio da abordagem da "teoria fundamentada". Os achados apontam que o país apresenta um grande estoque de dentista, e que houve uma grande expansão nos últimos anos, no entanto este apresenta-se mal distribuídos pelo território, principalmente quando analisado as diferenças entre o interior e as capitais do país. A categoria central da teoria fundamentada foi "As oportunidades mudando os caminhos para consolidar o profissional", as entrevistas apontam que o local de nascimento dos dentistas e as oportunidades durante sua trajetória profissional foram decisivas para determinar a distribuição de dentistas no território brasileiro. Conclui-se, que o Brasil apresenta estoque de força de trabalho em odontologia, porém enfrenta os resultados da falta de políticas de regulação de RHS, que inclua a odontologia. Essa realidade acentua os vazios sanitários em algumas regiões do país e saturação do mercado nos grandes centros.(AU)

[Cost of fluoridating the public water supply: a study case in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, 1985-2003]. / Custo da fluoretação das águas de abastecimento público, estudo de caso--Município de São Paulo, Brasil, período de 1985-2003.

The aim of this study was to estimate the cost of fluoridating the public water supply in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1985 to 2003. Cost calculation for fluoridation of the public water supply used the following: capital cost of initial installation, chemical product (hydrofluosilicic acid), system's operational cost (maintenance, electricity, and human resources), and monitoring fluoride levels. Fluoridation was effective, since there was a decrease of 73% in dental caries in 12-year-olds--mean DMF was 6.47 (6.12-6.82) in 1986, having decreased to 1.75 (1.48-2.92) in 2002. In this age group, 40% of children presented DMF = 0 in 2002. Average cost per inhabitant/year for 2003 was R$ 0.08 (USD 0.03). The accumulated cost for 18 years of implementation and maintenance of the fluoridation system was R$ 1.44 (USD 0.97) per capita.

Association between Oral Health Literacy and Socioeconomic Variables in Users of Centers for Dental Specialties

ABSTRACT Objective: To test possible associations between Oral Health Literacy (OHL) level and socioeconomic covariates among users of Centers for Dental Specialties (CEOs). Material and Methods: The Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD-14) instrument was applied to 130 adult users of CEOs located in 13 municipalities in the state of São Paulo - Brazil, as well as socioeconomic issues. The researcher applied instruments in a specific room after randomly selecting individuals in the waiting room and invitation acceptance. Each item was ranked on a 5-point scale, ranging from 0 to 4, in which high scores indicate minimal difficulties in performing functions (high OHL) and low scores indicate very limited abilities to perform functions (low OHL). Statistical analysis using the Levene test was used to verify the possibility of using the one-way ANOVA test, and in case results show positive values (p>0.05), the Kruskal Wallis test was used. Results: The average age of participants was 45 years, with more than half being female (68.7%) with 9-11 years of schooling (48.4%). When considering the total value of HeLD-14 questions, OHL was associated with covariates schooling, marital status and family income. Conclusion: OHL levels were associated with socioeconomic variables, contributing to evidence in this field of specialized care.

Processo de mentoring: análise da percepção do estudante da disciplina de Gestão e Planejamento em Odontologia da FOUSP / Mentoring process: analysis of students' perception of the discipline of Management and Planning in Dentistry at FOUSP

O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar a percepção dosestudantesde graduação do último ano do Curso de Odontologia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo (FOUSP) em relação ao processo de mentoring. A amostra foi de 122 estudantes que estavam matriculados na disciplina de Gestão e Planejamento daFOUSP, os quais foram divididos em grupos de 8 integrantese, durante o semestre, as reuniões de tutoria eram realizadas pelos pós-graduandos, para debater questões pessoais e profissionais. Ao final do semestre os estudantes responderam a um questionário sobreoprocesso dementoringrealizado e a respeito de pontos positivos e negativos da disciplina. O treinamento dos tutores foi realizado no semestre anterior, juntamente com um estudo piloto com 20 graduandos. Foi realizada uma análise de correspondência para a avaliação da disciplina com o mentoringe uma análisequantitativa textual por meio do softwareIramuteq para avaliação das respostas da questão aberta. Dos estudantes incluídos, 96,7% participaram da pesquisa.Quanto àavaliação da disciplina, 55,1% dos respondentes aconsideraram boa e 33,9%como ótima. Em relação ao processo de mentoring, 62,7% consideraram ótimo e 32,2% bom. Quando questionados quais eram os pontos positivos da disciplina, 48,3% dos estudantes destacaram a tutoria. Ao verificar a coocorrência e conectividade das palavras, foi constatada uma forte relação entre os termos reunião, grupo, aluno e futuro. Diante disso, é possível concluir que a percepção do aluno de graduação é positiva em relação ao processo de mentoring, no qual além de ser um processo de instrução, serve também de apoio para o aluno do último ano (AU).

This study aimed to analyze the perception of graduate students in the last year of the Dentistry Course at the University of São Paulo School of Dentistry (FOUSP) ofthe mentoring process implemented in the discipline of Management and Planning. The sample comprised 122 students enrolled in the Management and Planning discipline at FOUSP. During mentoring, students were divided into groups of eight members, and tutoring meetings were held by post-graduate students to discuss personal and professional issues. At the end of the semester, students answered a questionnaire about the mentoring process and the positive and negative aspects of the discipline. Tutors were trained in the previous semesteralongsidea pilot study with 20 graduate students. A correspondence analysis was conducted to evaluate the discipline, and a quantitative textual analysis using the Iramuteq software was used to assess the responsesto the open questions. Approximately 97% of the students participated in the survey. The majority rated the discipline as good (55.1%) and excellent (33.9%). Regarding the mentoring process, 62.7% considered the activities excellent and 32.2% good. When asked about the strengths of the discipline, 48.3% of students highlighted tutoring. When verifying the co-occurrence and connectivity of the words, a strong relationship was found between the terms "meeting," "group," "student," and "future." Thus, graduate students' perception ofthe mentoring processis positive, which in addition to being aninstructional process,also serves as support for the final year at the university (AU).

Household food insecurity, dental caries and oral-health-related quality of life in Brazilian Indigenous adults / Insegurança alimentar domiciliar, cárie dentária e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal em Indígenas adultos brasileiros

Abstract Food insecurity is a complex phenomenon that affects the health and wellbeing of vulnerable families. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between household food insecurity, dental caries, oral health-related quality of life, and social determinants of health among Indigenous adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Kaingang adults aged 35-44 years old from the Guarita Indigenous Land, Brazil. Food insecurity was assessed through the EBIA scale. Dental caries was assessed using the DMFT index. Participants answered the OHIP-14 questionnaire and a structured interview. Descriptive and multivariate analyzes using Poisson regression models were performed. The final sample included 107 adults from 97 households. Approximately 95% lived in food insecure families. Severe food insecurity was present in 58% of the households. The phenomenon was associated to the Bolsa Família benefit, household size, and greater perception of oral health impacts on quality of life. The high number of families affected by food insecurity reveals the social vulnerability of the Kaingang people. Food insecurity in Kaingangs adults is associated to oral health perception and social determinants of health.

Resumo Insegurança alimentar é um fenômeno complexo que afeta a saúde e o bem-estar de famílias vulneráveis. Este estudo objetivou investigar a relação entre insegurança alimentar domiciliar, cárie dentária, qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal, e determinantes sociais de saúde entre indígenas adultos. Foi conduzido um estudo transversal com adultos Kaingang entre 35-44 anos da Terra Indígena Guarita, Brasil. Insegurança alimentar foi avaliada pela escala EBIA. Cárie dentária foi avaliada pelo índice CPOD. Participantes responderam o questionário OHIP-14 e uma entrevista estruturada. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e multivariadas usando modelos de regressão de Poisson. A amostra incluiu 107 adultos Kaingang de 97 domicílios. Aproximadamente 95% dos participantes viviam em famílias com insegurança alimentar. Insegurança alimentar grave esteve presente em 58% dos domicílios. O fenômeno foi associado ao Bolsa Família, densidade familiar e percepção dos impactos da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida. O alto número de famílias afetadas pela insegurança alimentar revela a vulnerabilidade social do povo Kaingang. Insegurança alimentar em adultos Kaingang está associada à percepção da saúde bucal e determinantes sociais da saúde.

Mecanismos de ingresso de dentistas no SUS: uma agenda prioritária para o fortalecimento do Brasil Sorridente / Admission of dentist in Brazilian Universal Health System (SUS): a priority agenda for the strengthening of Smiling Brazil

Resumo Este artigo objetiva i) descrever e analisar a expansão do provimento de dentistas no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS); ii) identificar e analisar as características do vínculo trabalhista dos dentistas com o serviço; iii) caracterizar as vagas em concurso público, no que se refere aos requisitos, atribuições e remuneração. Neste estudo de caso, descritivo, foram consultados bancos de dados do Ministério da Saúde e editais de concurso público. Os achados apontam que 48% dos dentistas cadastrados no Cadastro Nacional dos Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES) realizam atendimento no SUS, em 13 anos observou-se um aumento de 118% dos municípios com equipes de saúde bucal (eSB) implantadas. A cobertura populacional estimada pelas eSB aumentou 10,46% entre os anos de 2007 e 2015. O principal mecanismo de ingresso nos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEO) foi o concurso público. O salário na atenção primária variou de 1,05 a 12,67 salários mínimos, para cargos de 40 horas semanais e nos CEOs de 3,35 a 7,05. Conclui-se que é necessário, entre outras medidas, o planejamento de estratégias voltadas aos recursos humanos em saúde. A continuidade dos êxitos alcançados demanda que medidas regulatórias dos contratos de trabalho e apoio aos gestores entrem na agenda das ações da política em saúde bucal.

Abstract This article aims at: i) describing and analyzing the expansion of dental care in the Unified Health System (SUS); ii) Identifying and analyzing the characteristics of hiring dentists' in the public service; iii) characterizing public vacancies, their duties and remuneration. In this descriptive case study, databases of the Ministry of Health were consulted and public tender notices. The findings indicate that 48% of the dentists enrolled in the National Registry of Health Establishments (CNES) perform care in the SUS, in 13 years there was an increase of 118% of the municipalities with oral health teams (eSB) implanted. The population coverage estimated by eSB increased by 10.46% between the years 2007 and 2015. The main mechanism for joining the Dental Specialties Centers (CEO) was the public tender. Primary care salaries ranged from 1.05 to 12.67 Brazilian minimum wages, to 40-hour weekly jobs, and to CEOs from 3.35 to 7.05. It is concluded that, among other measures, the planning of HRH strategies is necessary. The continuity of successes regulatory measures of labor contracts and support to local managers enter the agenda of priority actions of oral health policy.

Conditional factors for untreated caries in 12-year-old children in the city of São Paulo.

The aim of the study was to analyze what sociodemographic and economic variables were associated with the presence of untreated caries in 12-year-old children in the city of São Paulo. This cross-sectional study had a complex sample design. It was based on secondary data generated by the Levantamento epidemiológico em saúde bucal (Epidemiological Oral Health Survey) in the city of São Paulo, conducted in 2008, whose sample comprised 4,246 12-year-old children from the public and private schools of all the administrative districts of the city. A questionnaire was applied and an epidemiological exam was performed in accordance with the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations. The variables of interest were categorized into a dependent variable of untreated dental caries (carious component of the DMFT index that corresponds to carious, missing and filled teeth) and independent variables related to the socioeconomic and demographic conditions of the children and their families, and to their access to dental services. The EPI-INFO 06 and STATA 10 programs were used for the analysis; the prevalence ratio and a confidence interval of 95% were applied to the population parameters. The Poisson regression model was used, adjusted for sampling of the complex type. Caries was associated with ethnicity (higher rate in black people, p=0.042), attending public school (p=0.000), lower average family income (p=0.002), overcrowded dwellings (p=0.000) and presence of pain (p=0.000). Caries is a multifactorial disease influenced by social health determinants that intensify its risk.

Personal and professional profile, education, and perception of management and entrepreneurship of Dentistry students / Perfil pessoal e profissional, ensino e percepção sobre gestão e empreendedorismo de estudantes de Odontologia

In Dentistry, management and leadership seem to play an increasingly important role in facing the new challenges of the dental market. This study aimed to verify the personal profile for professional practice and the perception of management and entrepreneurship of students who attended the last year of Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, upon completion of the course of management and strategic planning in dentistry, for entering the labor market. A quantitatively and qualitatively descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. A questionnaire with open and closed questions was applied to 109 students who attended the course of management and strategic planning in dentistry. This course had 109 students enrolled, and for this research, 107 (98.17%) answered the questionnaire. The average age was 25 years, and 70.09 % were female; 63.55% said they have a good knowledge of themselves. When asked whether they knew some personal characteristics of dentists who have achieved success, 50.47% answered positively; 61.68% of students considered themselves organized, and 54.21% believed in being able to lead others. In the personal and professional profiles of students, it was possible to identify characteristics of leadership and optimism that they possessed about their professional future. Most of the students could incorporate attitudes and values that were covered by the course of management and strategic planning in dentistry. Additionally, the majority of them considered the knowledge acquired during this course while planning their professional careers (AU).

Na Odontologia, a gestão e a liderança parecem desempenhar um papel cada vez mais importante no enfrentamento dos novos desafios do mercado odontológico. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o perfil pessoal para a prática profissional e a percepção de gestão e empreendedorismo de estudantes que cursavam o último ano da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo, ao finalizarem a disciplina de gerência e planejamento estratégico em Odontologia, para a entrada mercado de trabalho. Foi realizado um estudo transversal quantitativo e qualitativo descritivo. Um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas foi aplicado a 109 alunos que matriculados na disciplina de planejamento estratégico e gestão em Odontologia. Dos 109 alunos matriculados, 107 (98,17%) responderam ao questionário. A idade média foi de 25 anos, e 70, 09% eram do sexo feminino; 63,55% disseram ter um bom conhecimento de si mesmos. Quando perguntados se conheciam algumas características pessoais dos dentistas que alcançaram sucesso, 50,47% responderam positivamente; 61,68% dos estudantes se consideravam organizados e 54,21% acreditavam poder liderar outros profissionais. Nos perfis pessoal e profissional foi possível identificar características de liderança e otimismo em relação ao seu futuro profissional. A maioria incorporou atitudes e valores abordados pela disciplina. Além disso, a maioria considerou o conhecimento adquirido na disciplina no planejamento de suas carreiras profissionais (AU).

[Oral health and access to dental care services in relation to the Health Necessities Index: São Paulo, Brazil, 2008]. / Saúde bucal e uso dos serviços odontológicos em função do Índice de Necessidades em Saúde: São Paulo, 2008.

The Health Department of São Paulo, Brazil, has developed a Health Necessities Index (HNI) to identify priority areas for providing health assistance. In 2008, a survey of the status of oral health was conducted. The objective of this ecological study was to analyze the status of oral health in relation to the HNI. The variables, stratified by the age of 5, 12 and 15 years old were: percentage of individuals with difficulty of access to dental care services; DMFT and DMFS; prevalence of the need for tooth extraction and treatment of dental caries. Data were analyzed for the 25 Health Technical Supervision Units (HTS). The Statistical Covariance Test was used as well as the Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression model. A positive correlation was observed between high scores of the HNI and difficulty of access to services. In the HTS with high scores of HNI a higher incidence of dental caries was observed, a greater need for tooth extractions and low caries-free incidence. In order to improve health conditions of the population it is mandatory to prioritize actions in areas of social deprivation.

Da fragmentação à formação interprofissional: proposta de um modelo de estágio curricular supervisionado para a graduação em odontologia / From fragmentation to interprofessional training: proposal of a current model of supervised curricular stage for graduation in dentistry

Objetiva-se apresentar uma proposta de Estágio Curricular Supervisionado (ECS) para os cursos de graduação em odontologia, no sentido de viabilizar uma Educação Interprofissional em serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, dividido em duas etapas. Na primeira, dois sujeitos realizaram a observação participante das clínicas de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde com um olhar direcionado para o potencial pedagógico da inserção interprofissional. As impressões e reflexões foram registradas em diários de pesquisa e os pesquisadores foram entrevistados individualmente. Na segunda etapa, 21 alunos de graduação em odontologia, 03 profissionais e 03 gestores de serviços públicos, que recebem alunos de graduação, foram entrevistados. O material coletado foi analisado pela triangulação de dados e pela hermenêutica-dialética. O recorte apresentado nesse trabalho descreve e analisa a experiência da imersão interprofissional (observação participante) e, após triangular o material coletado por meio de entrevistas e diários de pesquisa, apresenta uma proposta de ECS para os cursos de graduação em odontologia. Os resultados evidenciaram o potencial pedagógico da vivência interprofissional que permitiu maior compreensão da inter-relação das diversas clínicas com a saúde bucal e revelou elementos para construção do ECS. O modelo de ECS elaborado organiza-se de modo a permitir a Educação Interprofissional, a compreensão do processo saúde-doença, a integralidade da atenção e os aspectos inerentes à clínica ampliada de saúde. Acredita- se que esse modelo reverte-se de força para inquietar o instituído e fomentar processos de reorientação dos currículos de odontologia direcionados para o fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde.

The objective of this study is to present a proposal for a Supervised Curricular Internship (SCI) for dentistry undergraduate courses in order to enable an Interprofessional Education in Primary Health Care (PHC) services. It is a qualitative study, divided into two stages. In the first one, two subjects performed the participant observation of the clinics of a Basic Health Unit with a directed look at the pedagogical potential of interprofessional insertion. Impressions and reflections were recorded in research journals and the researchers were interviewed individually. In the second stage, 21 undergraduate students in dentistry, 03 professionals and 03 managers of public services, who receive undergraduate students, were interviewed. The material collected was analyzed by data triangulation and hermeneutic-dialectic. The clipping presented in this paper describes and analyzes the experience of interprofessional immersion (participant observation) and, after triangular the material collected through interviews and research journals, presents a proposal of SCI for undergraduate courses in dentistry. The results evidenced the pedagogical potential of the interprofessional experience that allowed a better understanding of the interrelationship of the various clinics with oral health and revealed elements for the construction of SCI. The SCI model elaborated is organized to allow interprofessional education, an understanding of the health-disease process, the integrality of attention and the aspects inherent in the expanded health clinic. It is believed that this model reverses itself of force to disturb the instituted and foment processes of reorientation of the curricula of dentistry directed towards the strengthening of Health Unic System.

Oral Cancer Screening in Elderly in Sao Paulo State, Brazil (2001 to 2009)

Objective: To describe and explore analytically the trends of oral cancer positive cases incidence during nine-year screenings campaign of Sao Paulo´s State (Brazil) and to show other countries and health services an option for tracking at-risk population. Material and Methods: Secondary official data were tabulated and analysed using the Excel and STATA statistical 10.0 software packages. After descriptive statistics, the trend curves were calculated by moving average for each variable (type moving average of two samples centred) to attenuate the random variability of the series, and trends classified: stable, ascending and descending. Results: The trend of municipalities numbers remained stable; the number of examined people, the screening coverage and the absolute number of patients referred to secondary health care showed an increasing trend; and the percentage of suspected cases showed a decreasing trend during the nineyear period. A decrease in the number of suspicious lesions and confirmed cases of oral cancer among the volunteers was observed, and the reorganization of secondary and tertiary levels of oral care helped to modify these numbers. Conclusion: We believe this experience was more important to help health services organization than for the oral cancer diagnosis itself, and it might be used to inspire other countries and oral health services.

O ensino da Clínica Ampliada para ingressantes do curso de Odontologia: um relato de experiência / The teaching of the Expanded Clinic for Dental course first-year students: an experience report

De acordo com as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para os cursos de Odontologia, a formação do Cirurgião-dentista deve resultar em um profissional capaz de atender às necessidades de saúde bucal da população e estar em consonância com os princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde. Para tanto, o ensino da clínica deve extrapolar o ato operatório e ampliar seu escopo de prática. Neste sentido, desde 2006, a Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo ministra aos estudantes do primeiro semestre de graduação a Disciplina denominada Clínica Ampliada de Promoção de Saúde (CAPS), que se propõe, desde o ingresso do estudante no curso superior, a romper com o paradigma da saúde como ausência de doença e apresentar a interface entre o biológico e o social neste processo, na perspectiva da ampliação da clínica e do cuidado integral. Este relato de experiência tem o objetivo de descrever a disciplina de CAPS, caracterizando as estratégias pedagógicas e sua relevância na inserção dos estudantes nos cenários de prática na atenção básica, bem como os métodos de avaliação implementados durante o ano. Espera-se que o modelo de Disciplina apresentado possa fomentar o debate e promover discussões dentro dos cursos de Odontologia, para que o mais precocemente possível, possamos discutir com os estudantes temas relacionados ao cuidado em saúde e à clínica ampliada (AU).

According to the National Curricular Guidelines for Dental courses, the training of the dentist should result in a professional capable of meeting the oral health needs of the population and be in line with the principles of the Unified Health System. The teaching of the clinic must extrapolate the operative act and broaden its scope of practice. Since 2006, the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of São Paulo teaches the students of the first semester of graduation the subject called Expanded Health Promotion Clinic. The Subject proposes to break with the health paradigm as the absence of disease and to present the interface between the biological and the social in this process, to the expansion of the clinic and integral care. This experience report aims to describe the subject, characterizing pedagogical strategies and their relevance in the insertion of students in the practice scenarios in primary care, as well as the evaluation methods implemented during the year. It is hoped that subject model presented may stimulate debate and promote discussions within the Subject coursesso that as early as possible we can discuss the topics related to health care and the Extended Clinic (AU).

Contribuição do Pró-Saúde para a reorientação da formação em Odontologia e implementação das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais: estudo de casos / Contribution of Pró-Saúde to a reorientation of Dental education and implementation of the National Curricular Guidelines: case studies

O Pró-Saúde é uma iniciativa do Ministério da Saúde com a parceria do Ministério da Educação, de amplo alcance e capilaridade, instituído e implementado a partir de 2006 e voltado para a reorientação da formação profissional em Saúde. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar de que forma e com quais estratégias estão sendo conduzidas as mudanças curriculares em cursos de graduação de Odontologia, em universidades públicas brasileiras, inscritas neste programa. Trata-se de um estudo de casos. Foram selecionados cinco cursos de graduação, um em cada macrorregião do país, e aplicados questionários de percepção aos coordenadores ou docente representante de cada curso, e a um grupo de estudantes, sobre as mudanças em processo. Os resultados apontaram que o Pró-Saúde tem sido um efetivo instrumento indutor de mudanças na direção da implementação das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN). Os estágios extramuros apresentam grande variação no seu planejamento e representam uma ferramenta importante para o desenvolvimento das competências requeridas pelas DCN. Em relação à abordagem pedagógica, ainda predominam práticas tradicionais baseadas na transmissão vertical de conhecimentos e a integração das disciplinas ocorre, principalmente, em seminários modulares e disciplinas profissionalizantes (AU).

Pro Health (Pró Saúde) is an initiative of the Ministry of Health in association with the Ministry of Education, with broad coverage and capillarity. It was instituted and implemented since 2006, creating a partnership between health courses with the secretariats of Health, involving, in the beginning, the Brazilian health System (SUS) services and, more recently, involving the other services of SUS, at a national level. The objective of the present study was to verify how and with what strategies the curricular changes are being conducted in undergraduate Dentistry courses at Brazilian public universities enrolled in Pro Health. It is a case study methodology. Five undergraduate courses were selected, one in each macro region of the country, and questionnaires of perception were applied to the coordinators or teaching staff representative of each course, and to a group of students, about the changes in the process. The results pointed out that the Pro Health has been a useful instrument to induce shifts in the direction of the implementation of the National Curricular Guidelines (NCR). The extramural stages present great variation in their planning and represent an important tool for the development of the competencies required by the NCR. Regarding the pedagogical approach, traditional practices based on the vertical transmission of knowledge still predominate, and the integration of the disciplines occurs, mainly, in modular seminars and professional disciplines (AU).