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1.
Foodborne Pathog Dis ; 7(8): 907-11, 2010 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20367066

ABSTRACT

Salmonella is a complex bacterial group with more than 2400 serovars widely distributed in nature; they are considered zoonotic because they can infect a variety of animals and be transmitted to humans. Usually, they cause alimentary acquired diseases such as gastroenteritis, typhoid fever, and others that can lead to severe complications and death. Serotyping is useful to differentiate among Salmonella, because it shows an important correlation with their clinical and epidemiological patterns; consequently, it is of high value for public health, animal health, agriculture, and industry. To characterize all known Kauffmann-White Salmonella serovars, over 250 antisera are required. Due to this and to high prices antisera, many laboratories worldwide have limitations in establishing Salmonella surveillance. Therefore, we developed and validated a Salmonella flagella microagglutination test (SALMATcor) that significantly reduces laboratory requirements of antisera. SALMATcor is based on scaling down, by fivefold, the antigen:antiserum volumes actually required for the reference method: flagella standard tube agglutination technique (STAT). Antigen preparation, temperatures, and incubation periods remained as established for STAT. The SALMATcor was validated according to ISO/DIS 16140:1999 protocol, which included 1187 comparisons of flagella determinations conducted by SALMATcor and STAT, on 141 Salmonella isolates of 12 common serotypes and the use of antiserum recommended for STAT. SALMATcor concordance was excellent (Cohen's kappa index 0.9982), obtaining relative accuracy >99.9% and relative specificity >99.9%. Additionally, SALMATcor has been used by CNRB-INCIENSA since 2004 to respond to all 40 Salmonella proficiency testing strains, provided by World Health Organization-Global Salmonella Surveillance Network, obtaining 100% concordance on serovar identification. On the basis of the results achieved with SALMATcor and considering that it also significantly reduces antiserum expenses, hand labor, glassware, and bench top and water bath space requirements (microtiter plates and micropipette tips are the only additional supplies), we envision that SALMATcor will contribute to establish a sustainable Salmonella serovar surveillance worldwide.


Subject(s)
Agglutination Tests , Flagella , Salmonella/classification , Serotyping/methods , Animals , Humans , Immune Sera/economics , Microchemistry/methods , Population Surveillance/methods , Salmonella/isolation & purification , Salmonella Food Poisoning/diagnosis , Salmonella Food Poisoning/microbiology , Salmonella Food Poisoning/prevention & control , Sensitivity and Specificity , Serotyping/economics , Serotyping/standards
2.
Acta méd. costarric ; 49(4): 205-209, oct-dic. 2007. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-581232

ABSTRACT

Justificación y objetivos: En la actualidad, las enfermedades de transmisión alimentaria, incluyendo las diarreas e intoxicaciones, constituyen uno de los problemas de salud pública de mayor importancia a nivel mundial, ya que ocasionan alta morbilidad y mortalidad, generan grandes costos a los servicios de salud, pérdidas económicas, demandas y pérdida de confianza de los consumidores. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar la información disponible en el Centro nacional de referencia en bacteriología del INCIENSA, CNRB, de los brotes de diarrea e intoxicaciones alimentarias ocurridos en 2005, en los que se refirieron muestras clínicas o de alimentos, para identificar los agentes y vehículos de infección asociados. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó el análisis descriptivo de la información epidemiológica y de laboratorio disponible en el CNRB en relación con los brotes de diarrea e intoxicaciones alimentarias ocurridos en 2005. Resultados: Durante el período el CNRB documentó 23 brotes de diarrea e intoxicaciones alimentarias, para un total aproximado de 819 afectados, en su mayoría procedentes de la gran área metropolitana. Trece de los brotes fueron intrafamiliares, diez de ellos debidos a especies y serotipos de Shigella; sin embargo, el mayor número de enfermos se presentó en los brotes comunitarios y los que se produjeron en poblaciones cautivas, asociados a rotavirus, Escherichia coli enterotoxigénica y Clostridium productor de toxina A, con 518, 138 y 54 enfermos, respectivamente. Conclusión: Estos hallazgos evidencian deficiencias en la cadena de transporte, conservación y manipulación de los alimentos, así como en la higiene personal, y pueden ser de utilidad para la implementación de intervenciones inmediatas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Clostridium Infections , Clostridium perfringens , Diarrhea , Dysentery, Bacillary , Escherichia coli , Foodborne Diseases/therapy , Poisoning , Restaurants , Costa Rica , Public Health
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