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1.
Pflege ; 25(5): 343-51, 2012 Oct.
Artículo en Alemán | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22987467

RESUMEN

Injured and painful nipples are frequently occurring events in nursing women during the first days after giving birth. These problems often result in a premature termination of breastfeeding despite the mother's wish to nurse. Unsystematic instructions given to women regarding correct breastfeeding increase the risk that these complications will arise. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of a systematic micro-education programme for nursing women by means of a pilot study or a quasi-experiment. The study included 100 mother and child pairs each in the experimental group and in the control group (N = 200). The pain experienced by all women during nursing was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the degree of injury to the nipples after nursing was measured with a tool specially developed for this purpose, the Nipple Wound Score (NWS). Women who received instructions by means of the micro-education programme exhibited significantly less injured nipples (on the third day: experimental group 55 % and control group 77 %, p < 0.00; on the fourth day: 56 % and 80 %, p < 0.00).No differences were observed between the study groups in regard to the occurrence of pain (on the fourth day p = 0.68). The variables of birthing method, parity, age or nationality of the women had no effect on the degree of injury of the nipples or on the intensity of pain. The results of this pilot study suggest that repeated micro-education for breastfeeding women should be implemented during the first days after giving birth.


Asunto(s)
Lactancia Materna/métodos , Mama/lesiones , Mastodinia/enfermería , Madres/educación , Pezones/lesiones , Investigación en Enfermería Clínica , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Mastodinia/etiología , Mastodinia/prevención & control , Dimensión del Dolor , Suiza
2.
Appl Environ Microbiol ; 77(11): 3896-7, 2011 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21498761

RESUMEN

We analyzed the prevalence of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. compared that of to Salmonella spp. in raw yolk and on eggshells. A total of 2,710 eggs were investigated for each bacterium. Viable bacteria were found in 4.1% (Campylobacter spp.) and 1.1% (Salmonella spp.) of the eggshell samples, whereas the egg yolk samples were negative for both bacteria.


Asunto(s)
Campylobacter/aislamiento & purificación , Campylobacter/efectos de la radiación , Cáscara de Huevo/microbiología , Viabilidad Microbiana/efectos de la radiación , Salmonella/aislamiento & purificación , Salmonella/efectos de la radiación , Animales , Infecciones por Campylobacter/transmisión , Pollos , Yema de Huevo/microbiología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos , Calor , Infecciones por Salmonella/transmisión
3.
J Clin Invest ; 68(2): 560-4, 1981 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7263864

RESUMEN

The site of crossover between the delta- and beta-globin gene sequences resulting in Lepore Boston globin gene formation has been localized at the DNA Level. Probes specific for detecting the intervening sequences (IVS) of the delta- and beta-globin genes were used to map the origin of cellular DNA fragments of a patient homozygous for hemoglobin Lepore Boston. Restriction endonuclease analysis and hybridization of this DNA to IVS specific probes show that most, if not all, of the large intervening sequences (IVS 2) in Lepore DNA are derived from the beta-globin gene IVS 2. In addition, the crossover occurs in a region of DNA in which the delta- and beta-genes have almost complete nucleotide homology, and might be expected to pair most tightly during meiosis.


Asunto(s)
Globinas/genética , Hemoglobinas Anormales/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Línea Celular , Clonación Molecular , Genes , Humanos , Plásmidos , Recombinación Genética
5.
Can Commun Dis Rep ; 41(Suppl 6): 3-8, 2015 Dec 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29769971

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The global spread of communicable diseases is a growing concern largely as a result of increased international travel. In Canada, although most public health management of communicable diseases occurs at the front line, the federal government also takes actions to prevent and mitigate their importation. OBJECTIVE: To describe the role of the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) in minimizing the importation of communicable diseases through preventive measures taken before travellers leave Canada and through early detection and prompt containment measures taken when travellers arrive in the country with a potential communicable disease. INTERVENTIONS: PHAC works to minimize the importation of communicable diseases into Canada by developing evidence-based travel health advice and targeted outreach activities geared to the public and to health care professionals. On the basis of the Quarantine Act and the International Health Regulations (2005), PHAC also conducts inspections of conveyances such as aircraft and boats and works with partners to conduct border screening to assess ill travellers entering the country. CONCLUSION: PHAC plays an important role in preventing and minimizing the importation of communicable diseases into Canada in conjunction with clinicians, public health authorities at all levels of government and other federal government departments.

6.
Biol Psychiatry ; 14(1): 207-13, 1979 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-420901

RESUMEN

The relationship of the lithium erythrocyte:plasma ratio to plasma lithium concentration was reviewed in inpatients and outpatients with affective disorders. For some patients, there was a linear correlation between the erythrocyte lithium:plasma lithium ratio and the plasma lithium concentration. For these patients a graph of the slopes and intercepts of the lithium erythrocyte:plasma ratio vs. plasma lithium data formed a line that was not significantly different from the data of Lee et al. (1975). Significant correlations were found between the slopes and intercepts of the lithium erythrocyte:plasma ratio vs. plasma lithium data and the magnitude of active lithium efflux (Ko) from the erythrocyte. Our data confirm the finding of Lee et al. (1975) that the lithium erythrocyte:plasma ratio is dependent on the plasma lithium concentration. We relate this finding to lithium efflux from the erythrocyte.


Asunto(s)
Trastorno Bipolar/sangre , Depresión/sangre , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Litio/sangre , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad
7.
FEMS Microbiol Lett ; 119(3): 329-37, 1994 Jun 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8050714

RESUMEN

phi Aa is a bacteriophage that was originally isolated by induction of a lysogenic strain of the oral bacterium Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Since the discovery of phage phi Aa, additional phages infecting several other strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans have been identified. To determine the prevalence of phi Aa or phi Aa-related temperate phages in this species, a phi Aa-specific DNA probe was prepared to screen for homologous sequences among 42 strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Fourteen (33%) of the 42 strains examined contained DNA sequences that hybridized with the phage phi Aa probe. A bacteriophage designated phi Aa33384 was isolated by induction from one of the strains (ATCC 33384) that contained a sequence that hybridized with the phi Aa probe. The phi Aa probe hybridized with the DNA extracted from bacteriophage phi Aa33384. The distribution of the phage phi Aa sequence among A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes was 5/13 (38%) of the serotype a strains, 0/16 (0%) of the serotype b strains, and 9/13 (69%) of the serotype c strains. The results of this investigation suggest that the target sequence prepared from the phage phi Aa genome is fairly common in the A. actinomycetemcomitans chromosome, and that the sequence is distributed among the A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes in a seemingly nonrandom manner.


Asunto(s)
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans , Bacteriófagos/genética , ADN Viral/análisis , Sondas de ADN , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Especificidad de la Especie
8.
Arch Oral Biol ; 46(11): 1065-78, 2001 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11543714

RESUMEN

Fresh isolates of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) bind avidly to surfaces in vitro, but existing in vivo studies of the adherence of Aa are limited. This study had two goals: (1) to compare the oral colonization of two isogenic strains of Aa-CU1010, a clinical isolate that expresses the adherent phenotype, and CU1012, a minimally adherent laboratory variant-and (2) to check for phenotypic reversion of these strains in a clinical setting. Rifampicin-resistant strains, developed for tracking in Sprague-Dawley rats, were tested in vitro to determine their stability and binding. In study 1, after antibiotic suppression, six rats (group I) received CU1010 in their feed. The eight rats in group II received CU1012 in their feed and four were supplemented by oral swabbing and four by gastric gavage. Group III consisted of three sham-inoculated controls. All rats were inoculated for 4 days. Microbiological data were collected at 1, 4 and 8 weeks after inoculation. Supporting data were supplied by antibody titres and clinical measures of alveolar bone loss. Study 2 consisted of six rats in each of three groups as above, but tagged strains of Aa were delivered by food alone. At all time-points in both studies, Aa was absent before inoculation and controls had no Aa or antibody to Aa. In study 1, all six rats in group I yielded positive cultures for Aa at 8 weeks. In group II, five of eight had positive cultures for Aa at 1 week, two of eight at 4 weeks and none had Aa at 8 weeks (P < or =0.001). All six rats in group I had serum anti-Aa titres compared to group II, where titres were seen in four of eight rats (P < or =0.015). In vitro data paralleled those found in vivo. No phenotypic reversion of either strain was seen in vivo. In study 2, four of six rats in group I showed Aa and had titres to Aa, while no other animals showed Aa at any time. The model provides convincing evidence that, unlike laboratory variants, clinical isolates colonize, persist and integrate into an already established, albeit reduced, econiche.


Asunto(s)
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/fisiología , Boca/microbiología , Infecciones por Actinobacillus/microbiología , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/genética , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/inmunología , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/microbiología , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Antibióticos Antituberculosos , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/análisis , Adhesión Bacteriana/genética , Células Cultivadas , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Durapatita , Ecología , Células Epiteliales/microbiología , Microbiología de Alimentos , Vida Libre de Gérmenes , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Masculino , Mucosa Bucal/microbiología , Fenotipo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Rifampin , Saliva/microbiología , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Estómago/microbiología
9.
J Periodontol ; 84(11): 1690-701, 2013 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23327622

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Among the innate defense mechanisms in the oral cavity, lactoferrin (LF) is a vital antimicrobial that can modify the host response against periodontopathogens. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is the main periodontopathogen of localized aggressive periodontitis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of LF during A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced periodontitis. METHODS: Differences in the expression levels of cytokines, chemokines, chemokine receptors, and bone loss markers between wild-type (WT) and LF knockout mice (LFKO(-/-)) were evaluated by real time-PCR. Serum IgG and LF levels were quantified by ELISA. Alveolar bone loss among the groups was estimated by measuring the distance from cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar bone crest (ABC) at 20 molar sites. RESULTS: Oral infection with A. actinomycetemcomitans increased LF levels in periodontal tissue (P = 0.01) and saliva (P = 0.0004) of wild-type infected (WTI) mice compared to wild-type control mice. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and IL-12 were increased in the infected LF knockout (LFKO(-/-)I) mice compared to the WTI mice, whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were decreased. Chemokines and chemokine receptors showed different expression patterns between WTI and LFKO(-/-)I mice. The LFKO(-/-)I mice developed increased bone loss (P = 0.002), in conjunction with increased expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and decrease in osteoprotegerin, compared to WTI mice. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that the infected LFKO(-/-) mice were more susceptible to A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced alveolar bone loss, with different patterns of immune responses compared to those of WTI mice.


Asunto(s)
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/inmunología , Periodontitis Agresiva/microbiología , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades/inmunología , Lactoferrina/inmunología , Periodontitis Agresiva/inmunología , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/inmunología , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/microbiología , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/patología , Animales , Quimiocinas/inmunología , Citocinas/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Interferón gamma/análisis , Interleucina-10/análisis , Interleucina-12/análisis , Interleucina-1beta/análisis , Interleucina-6/análisis , Interleucinas/análisis , Lactoferrina/sangre , Lactoferrina/genética , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Osteoprotegerina/análisis , Infecciones por Pasteurellaceae/inmunología , Infecciones por Pasteurellaceae/microbiología , Periodoncio/inmunología , Periodoncio/microbiología , Ligando RANK/análisis , Receptores de Quimiocina/inmunología , Saliva/química , Cuello del Diente/patología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisis , Proteínas de Transporte Vesicular
10.
Mol Oral Microbiol ; 25(4): 275-92, 2010 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20618701

RESUMEN

There is mounting evidence that innate and adaptive immunity are critical for periodontal disease-mediated bone resorption. These studies examined the role of B and CD4 T cells in adaptive immunity of rats infected with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed Aa-containing mash or control-mash for 2 weeks. B and CD4 T cells were obtained from draining lymph nodes at 2, 4 and 12 weeks, postinoculation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based messenger RNA expression was conducted for 89 cytokine family genes. Disease-relevance of the differentially expressed genes was assessed using a biological interaction pathway analysis software. B and CD4 T cells of Aa-infected rats increased and were activated, resulting in enhanced isotype-switched serum immunoglobulin G by 2 weeks postinoculation. Bone resorption was evident 12 weeks after Aa-feeding. In B cells, interleukin-2 (IL-2), macrophage-inhibiting factor, IL-19, IL-21, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), CD40 ligand (CD40L), CD70, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), BMP3, and BMP10 were upregulated early; while IL-7, Fas ligand (FasL), small inducible cytokine subfamily E1, and growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11; BMP11) were upregulated late (12 weeks). BMP10 was sustained throughout. In CD4 T cells, IL-10, IL-16, TNF, lymphotoxin-beta (LTbeta), APRIL, CD40L, FasL, RANKL and osteoprotegerin were upregulated early, whereas IL-1beta, IL-1RN, IL-1F8, IL-24, interferon-alpha1, GDF11 (BMP11), and GDF15 were upregulated late (12 weeks). Adaptive immunity appears crucial for bone resorption. Several of the deregulated genes are, for the first time, shown to be associated with bone resorption, and the results indicate that activated B cells produce BMP10. The study provides a rationale for a link between periodontal disease and other systemic diseases.


Asunto(s)
Inmunidad Adaptativa/genética , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/fisiología , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/inmunología , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/microbiología , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/genética , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/biosíntesis , Linfocitos B/metabolismo , Proteínas Morfogenéticas Óseas/biosíntesis , Proteínas Morfogenéticas Óseas/genética , Citocinas/biosíntesis , Citocinas/genética , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Factores de Diferenciación de Crecimiento/biosíntesis , Factores de Diferenciación de Crecimiento/genética , Activación de Linfocitos , Masculino , Osteoclastos/inmunología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley
11.
Oral Microbiol Immunol ; 23(2): 127-30, 2008 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18279180

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Intergeneric bacterial coaggregation may play an important role in plaque development. METHODS: In this study we investigated the coaggregation reaction between two periodontal pathogens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum. RESULTS: Previous studies showed that A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b strains coaggregate with F. nucleatum strain PK1594, and that A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b O-polysaccharide (O-PS) is the receptor responsible for coaggregation between A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum. A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype f O-PS has been shown to be structurally and antigenically related to serotype b O-PS. In the present study we show that A. actinomycetemcomitans strain CU1060N, a serotype f strain, also coaggregated with F. nucleatum PK1594. Like coaggregation between serotype b strains and F. nucleatum, coaggregation between CU1060N and F. nucleatum was inhibited by galactose. An O-PS mutant of CU1060N failed to coaggregate with F. nucleatum. CONCLUSION: We concluded that A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype f O-PS, like serotype b O-PS, mediates coaggregation between A. actinomycetemcomitans and fusobacteria.


Asunto(s)
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/fisiología , Adhesión Bacteriana/fisiología , Placa Dental/microbiología , Fusobacterium nucleatum/fisiología , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/fisiología , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Percepción de Quorum/fisiología , Serotipificación , Especificidad de la Especie
12.
J Periodontal Res ; 41(6): 567-72, 2006 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17076783

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Human beta-defensins have been identified in the oral cavity and are predicted to play a role in the defense against pathogenic bacteria. Homologous rat beta-defensins (RBDs) have been identified, but their expression in the oral cavity has not been examined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of innate immune mediators in the rat gingival epithelium. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Rats were pretreated with antibiotics to depress the normal oral flora, followed by the introduction of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in their food to allow colonization and the development of periodontal disease. At various time points, animals were killed and the gingival epithelium was extracted. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure RBD and Toll-like receptor (TLR) mRNA levels. RESULTS: Three beta-defensins (RBD-1, -2 and -5) and two TLRs (TLR-3 and -4) are expressed in normal rat gingival epithelium. After the introduction of A. actinomycetemcomitans, RBD-1 and RBD-2 mRNA levels increased for the first week followed by a return to basal levels. No change in TLR mRNA levels was observed. CONCLUSION: The rat model provides a good system for experimental analysis of the innate immune response to periopathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity, as well as the potential role of beta-defensins in the host response to colonization.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Actinobacillus/inmunología , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/inmunología , Defensinas/análisis , Encía/inmunología , Receptores Toll-Like/análisis , Animales , Defensinas/genética , Epitelio/inmunología , Masculino , Modelos Animales , ARN Mensajero/análisis , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptores Toll-Like/genética
13.
Gend Dev ; 7(2): 64-70, 1999 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12349219

RESUMEN

PIP: This article focuses on the impact of a telecenter program in Bamshela, South Africa, on women in the local community. The Government's telecenter initiative was conceived with an awareness of gender issues and the need to promote women's needs and rights in mind. However, as the center moves into its second year, many opportunities for the it to have a meaningful impact on the community from the start have already been lost. It has not generated enough income to keep prices at an affordable rate. Research has shown that many Bamshela women are using the telecenter as a phoneshop. Lack of knowledge, skills, and education among women is an obstacle to their use of computers at the center; however, center managers believe that rural women will become familiar with electronic methods of communication and may come to use these services. The telecenter has a long way to go before it can replace face-to-face communication and bring prestige to the community.^ieng


Asunto(s)
Computadores , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Población Rural , Cambio Social , Telecomunicaciones , Mujeres , África , África del Sur del Sahara , África Austral , Comunicación , Demografía , Países en Desarrollo , Economía , Procesamiento Automatizado de Datos , Medios de Comunicación de Masas , Población , Características de la Población , Factores Socioeconómicos , Sudáfrica , Derechos de la Mujer
14.
J Bacteriol ; 91(2): 622-7, 1966 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-5883104

RESUMEN

Buchheit, R. G. (Union Carbide Corp., Tonawanda, N.Y.), H. R. Schreiner, and G. F. Doebbler. Growth responses of Neurospora crassa to increased partial pressures of the noble gases and nitrogen. J. Bacteriol. 91:622-627. 1966.-Growth rate of the fungus Neurospora crassa depends in part on the nature of metabolically "inert gas" present in its environment. At high partial pressures, the noble gas elements (helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon) inhibit growth in the order: Xe > Kr> Ar >> Ne >> He. Nitrogen (N(2)) closely resembles He in inhibitory effectiveness. Partial pressures required for 50% inhibition of growth were: Xe (0.8 atm), Kr (1.6 atm), Ar (3.8 atm), Ne (35 atm), and He ( approximately 300 atm). With respect to inhibition of growth, the noble gases and N(2) differ qualitatively and quantitatively from the order of effectiveness found with other biological effects, i.e., narcosis, inhibition of insect development, depression of O(2)-dependent radiation sensitivity, and effects on tissue-slice glycolysis and respiration. Partial pressures giving 50% inhibition of N. crassa growth parallel various physical properties (i.e., solubilities, solubility ratios, etc.) of the noble gases. Linear correlation of 50% inhibition pressures to the polarizability and of the logarithm of pressure to the first and second ionization potentials suggests the involvement of weak intermolecular interactions or charge-transfer in the biological activity of the noble gases.


Asunto(s)
Argón/farmacología , Helio/farmacología , Criptón/farmacología , Neón/farmacología , Neurospora/crecimiento & desarrollo , Nitrógeno/farmacología , Xenón/farmacología , Dióxido de Carbono/farmacología , Técnicas In Vitro , Oxígeno/farmacología , Presión Parcial
15.
Plasmid ; 25(1): 53-63, 1991 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1852017

RESUMEN

In broad host-range plasmid RK2, several kil loci (kilA, kilB, kilC, kilE) and the replication initiator gene (trfA) are regulated by combination of kor determinants (korA, korB, korC, korE) in a regulatory network known as the kil-kor region. Although the kil determinants are not essential for replication, their coregulation with trfA suggests an involvement in plasmid maintenance or host-range. Plasmids carrying the cloned kilB region of RK2 cannot be maintained in the absence of korB owing to two phenotypically distinguishable, kor-regulated determinants: (1) kilB1 (kilD), which can be controlled by korA or korB, and (2) kilB2, which requires korB for control. In this study, we have determined the nature of the functions responsible for the kor-sensitive phenotypes of the kilB region. We found that insertion of transcription terminators within or downstream of the trfA operon allows plasmids carrying the kilB1 portion of the kilB region to be maintained in cells lacking korA or korB. In addition, mutants of the kilB1 region that can be maintained in the absence of korA and korB have alterations in the trfA promoter. These results show that the phenotype of the cloned kilB1 region in kor-deficient cells depends on trfA transcription but does not involve expression of any gene of the trfA operon. Therefore, the kilB1 determinant is not a structural gene. The phenotype results from entry of trfA-initiated transcription into adjacent sequences of the plasmid vector. The ability to block the kilB2 phenotype with transcriptional terminators allowed us to show conclusively that the kilB2 determinant is a host-lethal gene (klbA) whose regulation is dependent on korB. These findings have implications for the structure of the basic replicon of RK2.


Asunto(s)
Genes Reguladores , Plásmidos/genética , Replicón/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Clonación Molecular , Elementos Transponibles de ADN , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutación , Operón , Fenotipo , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Regiones Terminadoras Genéticas , Transcripción Genética , Transformación Bacteriana
16.
J Clin Chem Clin Biochem ; 26(8): 523-5, 1988 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3221182

RESUMEN

Serum, at neutral pH, was submitted to a simple filtration, using centrifugation in the disposable Centrisart. The ultrafiltrate was similar to serum in its creatinine content but was virtually free from proteins, including protein-bound bilirubin, haemoglobin and lipoproteins. The creatinine concentrations of anicteric serum specimens and the corresponding ultrafiltrates as determined with Jaffé and enzymic procedures show a high correlation and are convertible. With icteric sera the negative interference effect of bilirubin in a particular analytical procedure can be quantified using ultrafiltrate as the reference. It is suggested that ultrafiltration is useful in selected cases for eliminating elevated concentrations of bilirubin, haemoglobin and turbidity, which would interfere in the direct creatinine determination. Relative to the continuous flow methods with dialysis of the analyte, direct methods for creatinine are more susceptible to interference by endogenous factors like hyperbilirubinaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and haemolysis (1). The negative interference by bilirubin is of special importance, since it interferes in some modifications of the kinetic Jaffé method (2) and in the chromogenic enzymatic method (3). As a simple alternative, we evaluated the use of serum ultrafiltrate for the accurate determination of creatinine by the Jaffé and enzymatic methods, free from interfering by the high-molecular serum matrix and compounds bound to it.


Asunto(s)
Creatinina/sangre , Bilirrubina/sangre , Técnicas de Laboratorio Clínico/normas , Creatinina/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Ultrafiltración/métodos
17.
Acta Psychiatr Scand ; 51(2): 104-9, 1975 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1091123

RESUMEN

Plasma and erythrocyte magnesium concentrations were measured in 79 clinic outpatients who had histories of bipolar or unipolar primary affective disorder and who were being chronically treated with lithium carbonate (60 patients) or placebo (19 patients). Although slight differences in the mean concentration of magnesium in plasma and erythrocytes were noted with lithium treatment, diagnosis, and sex, the differences overall failed to achieve statistical significance. In contrast to prior reports demonstrating increases in plasma magnesium during acute lithium carbonate treatment of affectively ill patients, these data suggest that the pre-lithium steady state is achieved during chronic lithium treatment.


Asunto(s)
Trastorno Bipolar/sangre , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Litio/uso terapéutico , Magnesio/sangre , Adulto , Anciano , Trastorno Bipolar/tratamiento farmacológico , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Humanos , Litio/administración & dosificación , Litio/farmacología , Magnesio/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Placebos , Factores Sexuales
18.
Oral Microbiol Immunol ; 8(2): 100-4, 1993 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8355982

RESUMEN

The size, configuration and restriction map of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans bacteriophage phi Aa DNA was determined by means of restriction endonuclease analysis. Digestion of the phi Aa DNA with restriction enzymes Hind III, Eco RI and Sal I produced 6, 5, and 4 fragments, respectively. Based upon the sum of the sizes of the restriction fragments of these enzymes, the DNA was estimated to be 47.2 kilobase pairs in length. A restriction map was constructed using Hind III and Sal I. Incubation with exonuclease Bal 31 for increasing lengths of time resulted in progressive hydrolysis of the DNA, as expected for a linear molecule. No sub-molar fragments or diffuse bands were observed in the agarose gels of the restriction endonuclease digests of the phi Aa DNA. Attempts at ligating the ends of the DNA were consistently unsuccessful. Therefore, we found no evidence for cohesive ends, a circular permutation of the genome or for headful packaging mechanism from a concatameric DNA precursor.


Asunto(s)
Bacteriófagos/genética , ADN Viral/análisis , Genoma Viral , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans , Mapeo Restrictivo
19.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 78(7): 4218-21, 1981 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6270663

RESUMEN

beta 0-Thalassemia is a heterogeneous group of disorders associated with absence of beta-globin. In a survey of DNAs from patients with beta 0-thalassemia of diverse ethnic origins, a change at the splice junction at the 5' end of the large intervening sequence (IVS 2) of the human beta-globin gene has been found in one patient of Italian and another two of Iranian ethnic origins. The enzyme Hph I recognizes a change at this site and generates a large-than-normal fragment of DNA, which hybridizes specifically to a beta-globin IVS 2 probe. No other changes in beta-globin gene DNA structure or organization are detectable by extensive restriction endonuclease analysis. The enzyme HinfI which recognizes a sequence beginning three nucleotides from the 5' end of the IVS 2 splice junction, produces normal fragments and localizes the defect to a G-G-T sequence at the 5'-end IVS 2 splice junction. This sequence is known to be remarkably conserved in all globin genes from many species and in most other genes examined to date. Thus, in at least some beta 0-thalassemia patients, the beta 0-thalassemia defect is associated with a nucleotide change at a splice junction. These patients provide unique examples of naturally occurring defects in splice junctions of eukaryotic genes associated with absence of specific gene function.


Asunto(s)
Globinas/genética , ARN Mensajero/genética , Talasemia/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Clonación Molecular , Enzimas de Restricción del ADN/metabolismo , Genes , Humanos , Plásmidos , Empalme del ARN
20.
J Bacteriol ; 163(1): 228-37, 1985 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3891728

RESUMEN

We previously reported that broad-host-range plasmid RK2 encodes multiple host-lethal kil determinants (kilA, kilB1, kilB2, and kilC) which are controlled by RK2-specified kor functions (korA, korB, and korC). Here we show that kil and kor determinants have significant effects on RK2 replication control. First, korA and korB inhibit the replication of certain RK2 derivatives, unless plasmid replication is made independent of the essential RK2 gene trfA. Second, kilB1 exerts a strong effect on this interaction. If the target plasmid is defective in kilB1, sensitivity to korA and korB is enhanced at least 100-fold. Thus, korA and korB act negatively on RK2 replication, whereas kilB1 acts in a positive manner to counteract this effect. A mutant RK2 derivative, resistant to korA and korB, was found to have fused a new promoter to trfA, indicating that the targets for korA and korB are at the 5' end of the trfA gene. We constructed a trfA-lacZ fusion and found that synthesis of beta-galactosidase is inhibited by korA and korB. Thus korA, korB, and kilB1 influence RK2 replication by regulating trfA expression. We conclude that the network of kil and kor determinants is part of a replication control system for RK2.


Asunto(s)
Replicación del ADN , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Escherichia coli/genética , Genes Bacterianos , Plásmidos , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Mapeo Cromosómico , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Transcripción Genética
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