Defining and assessing psychological frailty in older adults: a scoping review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Frailty is widely acknowledged as a multidimensional construct encompassing physical, psychological and social aspects. However, the lack of consensus in defining and operationalising psychological frailty challenges the holistic approach to frailty advocated by health professionals. Consequently, there is a need to develop a comprehensive definition of psychological frailty based on contributions made by experts in the field, primarily existing frailty assessment tools. This scoping review will aim to identify the key psychological variables that are considered in frailty assessment tools used with older adults as well as to analyse how these psychological variables have been operationalised. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The study will be conducted in accordance with recommendations from several methodological frameworks for scoping reviews and will be reported following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews statement guidelines. A systematic literature search will be performed in the CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus and Web of Science databases, supplemented by a search in Google Scholar and reference lists. The focus will be on studies that describe the development of multicomponent frailty assessment tools including at least one psychological variable. Study selection and data extraction will be independently conducted by three reviewers working in pairs. Data will be presented in tabular form, and the data will be analysed using qualitative content analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study does not require ethical approval since it is based on secondary data analysis. The findings of the review will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and will be presented at conferences and seminars. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: The scoping review was registered in Open Science Framework on 29 March 2022 (https://osf.io/bn24y).

Definition and assessment of psychological frailty in older adults: A scoping review.

OBJECTIVES: The confusion surrounding psychological frailty and its components prompts the need for a standardized conceptual definition. To address this, we aimed to (1) identify the psychological variables included in multicomponent frailty assessment instruments used with older adults and examine their operationalization; and (2) formulate a thorough conceptualization of psychological frailty based on the variables identified. METHODS: This study followed the most recent recommendations for conducting scoping reviews and is reported in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. We systematically searched the CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, with additional searches in Google Scholar and reference lists. RESULTS: Sixteen instruments were identified. The results suggested that: (1) In multicomponent frailty assessment instruments, psychological variables are poorly represented; (2) A wide variety of psychological variables are included in the instruments, the most frequent being cognitive functioning and affective functioning (e.g., depressive symptoms, emotional loneliness, anxiety symptoms, poor coping, and suicidal ideation); and (3) The way in which variables are referred to and operationalized varies across instruments. CONCLUSIONS: Including both cognitive and affective variables in psychological frailty assessments may lead to inaccuracies. We suggest distinguishing between two separate dimensions within psychological frailty: cognitive frailty and affective frailty. A conceptual definition for each dimension is provided. This proposal aims to advance the debate regarding the conceptualization and assessment of psychological frailty, with further research and discussion needed to ensure its practical applicability.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of a Spanish version of the Maryland Assessment of Recovery Scale (MARS-12).

The aim of this study was to adapt and validate a Spanish version of the Maryland Assessment of Recovery Scale (MARS-12). It was carried out in strict accordance with internationally recognized guidelines for test adaptation. A preliminary Spanish version of the MARS-12 was first produced through a standardized translation/back-translation process, ensuring semantic, linguistic, and contextual equivalence with respect to the original scale. Its psychometric properties were then examined in a sample of 325 people with serious mental illness recruited from six different provinces in the Basque Country (northern Spain) and Catalonia (north-eastern Spain). They were users of a total of 20 community rehabilitation and psychiatry services. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a unidimensional structure, consistent with the original scale. Scores on the MARS-12 were positively correlated (.83) with scores on the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery, supporting convergent validity, while validity evidence based on relationships with other variables was provided by positive correlations between MARS-12 scores and scores on the Dispositional Hope Scale (.82) and on the three dimensions of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (range .30 to .41). Reliability of MARS-12 scores was high (McDonald's ω = .97), as was temporal stability across a one-week interval (.89). The Spanish version of the MARS-12 is a valid and reliable scale that may be used by mental health professionals to assess recovery among Spanish people with serious mental illness.

Psychometric Properties and Factorial Invariance of the Educational-Clinical Questionnaire: Anxiety and Depression (CECAD) in Basque Population.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depression are the most common current mental health problems. Due to their comorbidity, there is a need for instruments that measure them simultaneously. Moreover, given that their prevalence varies by gender and age, it is important to examine the factorial invariance of such instruments. The present study aimed to analyze the dimensionality and factorial invariance of the Basque version of the Educational-Clinical Questionnaire: Anxiety and Depression (CECAD) as a function of gender and age, and to gather additional evidence of its validity. METHOD: The sample comprised 2131 participants (54.2% female) between 7 and 24 years old ( M = 13.2; SD = 3.52). RESULTS: The CECAD was found to have a two-dimensional structure invariant to gender and age, with higher latent means for girls in both dimensions, and for those aged 14 and over in depression, but with small effect sizes. Both reliability and convergent validity values were good. CONCLUSIONS: The Basque version of the CECAD has good evidence of validity and reliability for assessing anxiety and depression in Basque-speaking children and adolescents.

Our lifestyles are back to 'normal', but is our mental health? Longitudinal assessment of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic among Spanish adults: April 2021 to August 2022.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a detrimental effect on mental health since its start in 2020 and current data on mental health is limited. This study provides recent longitudinal data on psychological distress among a country-wide sample of adults. We recruited and surveyed 1,956 adults in Spain in April 2021 and August 2022 on sociodemographic- and pandemic-related psychological distress using the General Distress 21-item version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). Paired sampled t-tests assessed DASS scores by sex from April 2021 to August 2022; and one-way ANOVAs assessed DASS scores across sociodemographic characteristics. Results showed that psychological distress slightly improved across the total sample from April 2021 to August 2022; though females, young adults, students, and individuals with lower income experienced more psychological distress. Increases in severe stress scores were found particularly among men. Our data provides an overview of the psychological distress of Spanish adults 2.5 years into the pandemic and provides novel evidence that though life has resumed a sense of normalcy after the COVID-19 pandemic, the mental health of key populations (e.g., females, young adults, students, low-income) is still suffering and further intervention and resources are needed.

Assessment of Adaptive Performance and its Role as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Person - Organization Fit and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors / Evaluación del Desempeño Adaptativo y su Rol Moderador en la Relación Entre el Ajuste Persona - Organización y la Ciudadanía Organizacional

Background: Adaptive performance is of central interest for today’sorganizations, insofar as employees increasingly need to be able to adjusttheir behaviors to dynamic, changing work situations. The aims of thisstudy were to develop a Spanish adaptation of Charbonnier-Voirin andRoussel’s (2012) scale for measuring adaptive performance, and to examinewhether the dimensions of adaptive performance moderate the relationshipbetween person-organization fit (PO fit) and organizational citizenshipbehaviors (OCBs). We hypothesized that the relationship between POfit and OCBs would be stronger in individuals with a higher level ofadaptive performance. Method: The sample comprised 678 employees(65% women) in the public sector in the Basque Country. They rangedfrom 21 to 63 years old (M = 44.63; SD = 7.66). Results: The Spanishversion of the scale has good psychometric properties. Furthermore, theInterpersonal Adaptability dimension of adaptive performance moderatesthe relationship between PO fit and OCBs directed both at the organizationand at individuals, following the expected direction. The relationshipbetween PO fit and OCBs directed at individuals was also moderated bythe Reactivity in the Face of Emergencies dimension. Conclusions: Wediscuss the practical implications of these results in the field of personnelselection

Antecedentes: el desempeño adaptativo es una variable crucial enlas organizaciones actuales dado que la flexibilidad y la capacidad deadaptación son necesarias en un entorno laboral tan dinámico y cambiantecomo el actual. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron adaptar al castellanoel instrumento de Charbonnier-Voirin y Roussel (2012), que mide eldesempeño adaptativo y examinar si las dimensiones que configuranel desempeño adaptativo moderan la relación entre el ajuste persona-organización (PO fit) y las conductas de ciudadanía organizacional(OCBs). Se pronosticó que la relación entre PO fit y OCBs sería másintensa en aquellas personas con mayor desempeño adaptativo. Método: la muestra estuvo compuesta por 678 empleados/as (65% mujeres) delsector público del País Vasco, con edades comprendidas entre 21 y 63años (M = 44.63; SD = 7.66). Resultados: los resultados muestran quela versión española de la escala posee buenas propiedades psicométricas.Además, la dimensión Adaptabilidad Interpersonal del desempeñoadaptativo modera la relación entre el PO fit y las OCBs. En la predicciónde las OCBs dirigidas a otros individuos, la Reactividad ante emergenciastambién modera la relación. Conclusiones: se discuten las implicacionesprácticas que pueden tener en el ámbito de la selección de personal losresultados derivados del estudio.

Apego romántico en adolescentes maltratados en su niñez / Romantic attachment of adolescents abuse in childhood

No disponible

The aim of this study was to examine whether maltreatment experiences in childhood influence romantic attachment style in adolescence. The study included 54 adolescent who had suffered serious family maltreatment, who were separated from their biological families and were in residential care, 63 adolescents who had suffered moderated maltreatment and who were living with their biological families under treatment, and 139 nonmaltreated adolescents. Results indicated that those who have been maltreated during childhood show greater use of avoidance romantic attachment strategy. However, no differences were found in the anxious dimension of attachment. Results are discussed in relation to the normative trends of the attachment models and attachment styles identified in adolescence, and according to the available evidence on the relationship between child maltreatment and romantic attachment styles in this developmental stage. Also, some implications for the therapeutic interventions with maltreated adolescents in their childhood are discussed (AU)

Development and Validation of a Questionnaire (the IRA-AGHN) to Assess Teachers' Knowledge of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder / Elaboración y validación de un cuestionario (el IRA-AGHN) para evaluar el conocimiento de los maestros acerca del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad

The purpose of this study was to develop a questionnaire, called IRA-AGHN, to assess infant and primary school teachers’ knowledge of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The psychometric properties of this questionnaire were examined in a sample of 752 teachers aged between 20 and 64 years (M = 41.57; SD = 9.69). These teachers were employed at 84 randomly selected schools in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country and Navarre. The factor validity, internal consistency, temporal stability, convergent validity and external validity of the instrument were all analysed. The results suggest that the IRA-AGHN is a valid and reliable measure for assessing teachers’ knowledge of ADHD

El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en desarrollar un cuestionario para evaluar el nivel de conocimiento que los docentes de educación infantil y primaria presentan con respecto al Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad, el IRA-AGHN. Las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento fueron examinadas en una muestra de 752 maestros cuyo rango de edad oscilaba entre 20 y 64 años (M = 41.57; DT = 9.69). Los maestros pertenecían a 84 centros escolares de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco y Navarra, los cuales fueron seleccionados de forma aleatoria. Se examinaron la validez factorial, la consistencia interna, la estabilidad temporal, la validez convergente y la validez externa del instrumento. Los resultados sugieren que el IRA-AGHN es un instrumento válido y fiable para evaluar el nivel de conocimiento de los docentes con respecto al TDAH

Elaboración de versiones reducidas de instrumentos de medida: una perspectiva práctica / Elaboration of reduced versions of measurement tools: A practical perspective

El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en mostrar, desde una perspectiva práctica, las pautas que pueden seguirse para elaborar una versión reducida de un instrumento de medida. Para ello, se describe exhaustivamente el proceso de elaboración de la versión reducida en lengua vasca de la escala CDS (Children’s Depression Scale; Lang y Tisher, 1978) que mide la depresión en niños/as y adolescentes. En un primer estudio, se seleccionan los ítems que configuran la versión reducida del CDS (CDS-R) a partir de los análisis realizados en una muestra de 886 niños/as y adolescentes a los que se les administró la versión extensa del CDS adaptada a la lengua vasca (Balluerka, Gorostiaga y Haranburu, 2012).Posteriormente, se procede a la validación del CDS-R en una muestra de 2.165 participantes. En este segundo estudio se examinan la estructura factorial, la consistencia interna y la estabilidad temporal del instrumento, así como la relación que presentan sus dimensiones con el sexo, el rendimiento académico, la inteligencia emocional y el apego. De esta forma, se obtienen evidencias sobre la fiabilidad y la validez de la versión reducida del instrumento, lo que garantiza una adecuada evaluación del constructo que éste pretende medir (AU)

The aim of the present study is to show, from a practical perspective, the guidelines that may be followed to create a reduced version of a measurement tool. Therefore, it describes in detail the process of creating the reduced Basque version of the CDS scale (Children’s Depression Scale; Lang & Tisher, 1978),which measures depression in children and adolescents. In a first study, the items that make up the reduced version of the CDS (CDS-R) are selected from a set of analysis conducted on a sample of 886 children and adolescents who were administered the extensive version of the CDS adapted to the Basque language(Balluerka, Gorostiaga, & Haranburu, 2012). Subsequently, the CDS-R is validated on a sample of 2,165participants. This second study examines the factorial structure, the internal consistency and the temporal stability of the instrument, as well as the relationship between its dimensions and gender, academic performance, emotional intelligence and attachment. Thus, evidence is obtained on the reliability and validity of the reduced version of the instrument, which guarantees suitable evaluation of the construct the instrument is intended to measure (AU)

Neuropsychological assessment at preschool age: adaptation and validation of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities to 4 year-old Basque-speaking children

Early neuropsychological assessment provides important information for clinical practice and research. As previously no tool for neuropsychological assessment has been developed in or adapted to Basque, the aim of this study was to adapt and validate the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities for 4 years old children. The adaptation and validation of the original instrument followed the methodological steps established by the International Test Commission. We examined the psychometric properties of the adapted instrument in 273 Basque preschool children (aged between 4 years and 4 months and 4 years and 11 months; 52.2% boys). Confirmatory factor analysis showed satisfactory fit indexes except for the General Cognitive and Memory scales. Most scales presented adequate internal consistency (Reliability coefficients ranged between .55 and .81). The Basque version also showed evidence of validity based on the relationship between neuropsychological development and sex, parental education, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-like behaviours and early neurodevelopment (p < .05; effect sizes ranged between Cohen's d = .26 and .52 and r = .15 and 39). The Basque MSCA can be regarded as a useful tool to evaluate cognitive and psychomotor development in preschool children (AU)

No disponible

Adaptation and validation of the Basque version of the emotional creativity inventory in higher education

Emotional creativity is defined as the ability to feel and express emotions in a new, effective and authentic way. There are currently no Basque-language self-report instruments to provide valid and reliable measures of this construct. Thus, this paper describes the process of adapting and validating the Emotional Creativity Inventory (ECI) for the Basque-speaking population. The sample was comprised of 594 higher education students (388 women and 206 men) aged between 18 and 32 years old (Mage = 20.47; SD = 2.48). The Basque version of the ECI was administered along with the TMMS-23, NEO PI-R, and PANAS. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on the Basque ECI corroborated the original scale’s three-factor structure (preparedness, novelty, and effectiveness/ authenticity). Those dimensions showed acceptable indexes of internal consistency (α = .80, .83, and .83) and temporal stability (r = .70, .69, and .74). The study also provided some evidence of external validity (p < .05) based on the relationships found between emotional creativity and emotional intelligence, personality, affect, and sex. The Basque ECI can be regarded as a useful tool to evaluate perceived emotional creativity during the preparation and verification phases of the creative process (AU)

No disponible

Measuring teachers' knowledge of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the MAE-TDAH questionnaire

The lack of methodological rigor is frequent in most of instruments developed to assess the knowledge of teachers regarding Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire, namely Questionnaire for the evaluation of teachers’ knowledge of ADHD (MAE-TDAH), for measuring the level of knowledge about ADHD of infant and primary school teachers. A random sample of 526 teachers from 57 schools in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country and Navarre was used for the analysis of the psychometric properties of the instrument. The participant teachers age range was between 22 and 65 (M = 42.59; SD = 10.89), and there were both generalist and specialized teachers. The measure showed a 4 factor structure (Etiology of ADHD, Symptoms/ Diagnosis of ADHD, General information about ADHD and Treatment of ADHD) with adequate internal consistency (Omega values ranged between .83 and .91) and temporal stability indices (Spearman’s Rho correlation values ranged between .62 and .79). Furthermore, evidence of convergent and external validity was obtained. Results suggest that the MAE-TDAH is a valid and reliable measure when it comes to evaluating teachers’ level of knowledge of ADHD (AU)

No disponible

Assessing personal initiative among vocational training students: development and validation of a new measure

Personal initiative characterizes people who are proactive, persistent and self-starting when facing the difficulties that arise in achieving goals. Despite its importance in the educational field there is a scarcity of measures to assess students’ personal initiative. Thus, the aim of the present study was to develop a questionnaire to assess this variable in the academic environment and to validate it for adolescents and young adults. The sample comprised 244 vocational training students. The questionnaire showed a factor structure including three factors (Proactivity-Prosocial behavior, Persistence and Self-Starting) with acceptable indices of internal consistency (ranging between α = .57 and α =.73) and good convergent validity with respect to the Self-Reported Initiative scale. Evidence of external validity was also obtained based on the relationships between personal initiative and variables such as self-efficacy, enterprising attitude, responsibility and control aspirations, conscientiousness, and academic achievement. The results indicate that this new measure is very useful for assessing personal initiative among vocational training students (AU)

No disponible

Validation of children’s depression scale in the Basque-speaking population

The aim of this study was to validate the Basque version of the CDS (Children’s Depression Scale, Lang & Tisher, 1978), one of the most widely used questionnaires for the assessment of childhood depression, which has already been proved to be a valid and reliable tool in different cultures. The questionnaire was administered to a community sample of 886 participants (432 males and 454 females) aged between 8 and 16. A two-factor solution was obtained (Depressive dimension and Positive Dimension), which accounted for 29.86 % of the variance. Reliability with regard to internal consistency level and long-term stability was good (α = .95 and .79; and R = .73 and .59 for Depressive and Positive dimensions, respectively). Analysis of Differential Item Functioning with respect to age and gender showed that 91% and 88% of the items, respectively, did not present DIF. External validity evidence for the questionnaire was also obtained. We consider that the present work offers researchers and professionals interested in this area of study a valid and reliable tool for assessing depressive symptoms in Basque-speaking children and adolescents (AU)

El objetivo de la presente investigación consistió en validar la versión en euskera del CDS (Children’s Depression Scale, Lang y Tisher, 1978), uno de los instrumentos más utilizados para evaluar la depresión infantil y que ha mostrado buenas propiedades psicométricas en diversas culturas. El cuestionario ha sido administrado a una muestra comunitaria de 886 participantes (432 varones y 454 mujeres) de edades comprendidas entre los 8 y los 16 años. Se ha obtenido una estructura de dos dimensiones (Depresiva y Positiva) que explican el 29,86 % de la varianza. La fiabilidad, evaluada mediante el análisis de su consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal, ha resultado adecuada (α = .95 y .79; y R = .73 y .59 para las dimensiones Depresiva y Positiva, respectivamente). El análisis del funcionamiento diferencial de los ítems con respecto al sexo y la edad mostró que el 91% y el 88% de los ítems, respectivamente, no presentan DIF. Asimismo, se obtuvieron evidencias de validez externa del instrumento. Consideramos que con el presente trabajo se pone a disposición de investigadores y profesionales interesados en este ámbito de estudio, un instrumento de evaluación fiable y válido para medir los síntomas depresivos en niños y adolescentes vascoparlantes (AU)

Versión reducida del cuestionario CaMir (CaMir-R) para la evaluación del apego / Short version of CaMir questionnaire (CaMir-R) to assess attachment

El CaMir es un cuestionario que mide las representaciones de apego. Se fundamenta en las evaluaciones que realiza el sujeto sobre las experiencias de apego pasadas y presentes y sobre el funcionamiento familiar. Es un instrumento ampliamente utilizado tanto en el ámbito de la investigación como en el ámbito clínico. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en desarrollar una versión reducida del CaMir en lengua castellana (CaMir-R) y en obtener evidencias acerca de su validez y de su fiabilidad en una muestra de 676 adolescentes (364 mujeres y 312 varones) pertenecientes a distintos colectivos (muestra clínica, muestra de maltratados y muestra comunitaria) con un rango de edad que oscilaba entre 13 y 19 años (M= 15,62; SD= 1,49). Se examinó su estructura interna, su validez convergente y de decisión, la relación entre sus dimensiones y los síntomas psicopatológicos, así como su consistencia interna y su estabilidad temporal. Se obtuvieron 7 dimensiones, cuyos índices de consistencia interna oscilaron entre 0,60 y 0,85. Exceptuando la dimensión de «Permisividad parental», que no mostró una buena fiabilidad, los resultados sugieren que el CaMir-R permite evaluar las representaciones de apego y la concepción acerca del funcionamiento familiar de forma válida y fiable (AU)

The CaMir is a questionnaire aimed at measuring attachment cognitions. It is based on subjects’ evaluations of past and present attachment experiences and family functioning. It is a widely used tool both in research and in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to develop a short version of CaMir in Spanish (CaMir-R) and to obtain evidence about its validity and reliability in a sample of 676 adolescents (364 female and 312 male) belonging to different groups (clinical, maltreated, and community samples) with an age range between 13 and 19 years (M= 15.62, SD= 1.49). We examined its internal structure, convergent, and decision validity, the relationship between its dimensions and psychopathological symptoms, as well as its internal consistency and temporal stability. The CaMir-R included 7 factors whose internal consistency indexes ranged between 0.60 and 0.85. With the exception of the «Parental Permissiveness» dimension, which did not show good reliability, the results suggest that the CaMir-R provides a valid and reliable assessment of attachment representations and of the conception of family functioning (AU)

Use of multilevel logistic regression to identify the causes of differential item functioning / Utilización de la regresión logística multinivel para identificar las causas del funcionamiento diferencial de los ítems

Given that a key function of tests is to serve as evaluation instruments and for decision making in the fields of psychology and education, the possibility that some of their items may show differential behaviour is a major concern for psychometricians. In recent decades, important progress has been made as regards the efficacy of techniques designed to detect this differential item functioning (DIF). However, the findings are scant when it comes to explaining its causes. The present study addresses this problem from the perspective of multilevel analysis. Starting from a case study in the area of transcultural comparisons, multilevel logistic regression is used: 1) to identify the item characteristics associated with the presence of DIF; 2) to estimate the proportion of variation in the DIF coefficients that is explained by these characteristics; and 3) to evaluate alternative explanations of the DIF by comparing the explanatory power or fit of different sequential models. The comparison of these models confirmed one of the two alternatives (familiarity with the stimulus) and rejected the other (the topic area) as being a cause of differential functioning with respect to the compared groups (AU)

Dada la relevancia de los tests como instrumentos de evaluación y de toma de decisiones en los campos de la psicología y de la educación, la posibilidad de que algunos de sus ítems presenten un comportamiento diferencial constituye una preocupación central de los psicómetras. En las últimas décadas se han producido importantes avances con respecto a las técnicas diseñadas para detectar el funcionamiento diferencial de los ítems (DIF). Sin embargo, los hallazgos son escasos en lo que respecta a identificar las causas que lo explican. El presente trabajo aborda este problema desde la perspectiva del análisis multinivel. Partiendo del estudio de un caso del ámbito de las comparaciones transculturales, se utiliza la regresión logística multinivel para: 1) identificar las características de los ítems asociadas a la presencia de DIF; 2) estimar la proporción de la variación en los coeficientes de DIF explicada por tales características; y 3) evaluar explicaciones alternativas para el DIF comparando la capacidad explicativa o el ajuste de diferentes modelos. La comparación entre tales modelos permitió confirmar una de las dos alternativas (la familiaridad con el estímulo) y descartar la otra (el tema de estudio) como causa del funcionamiento diferencial de los ítems en los grupos comparados (AU)

La adaptación de instrumentos de medida de unas culturas a otras: una perspectiva práctica / Test adaptation to other cultures: a practical approach

El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en mostrar, desde una perspectiva práctica, las pautas que se deben seguir para adaptar adecuadamente un instrumento de medida de una cultura a otra. Para ello, se describe exhaustivamente el proceso de adaptación del NEO PI-R del castellano al euskera, siguiendo una serie de pasos que pretenden evitar las fuentes de error a las que se exponen los investigadores inmersos en un proceso de adaptación. En la fase de validación empírica del instrumento se describen cuatro estudios que examinan su dimensionalidad, su validez convergente y diferencial, la consistencia interna de cada dimensión y el posible funcionamiento diferencial de los ítems respecto al género y a la etapa vital (joven o adulto). A partir de los resultados obtenidos en esta fase, cabe concluir que la versión en euskera del NEO PI-R ofrece garantías suficientes para una evaluación adecuada de la personalidad desde la perspectiva de los Cinco Grandes. Tales estudios muestran la forma en la que pueden obtenerse evidencias sobre el grado de validez de la versión adaptada del test, lo que constituye la piedra angular de cualquier proceso de adaptación

The aim of this study was to show the practical steps to be followed in the adaptation of instruments for measuring psychological constructs across cultures. For this purpose, the adaptation process of the NEO PI-R from Spanish into Basque is thoroughly described. In order to avoid the sources of error that researchers could encounter during the adaptation process, established guidelines are followed. In the stage which focuses on the empirical validation of the instrument to be used, four studies are described that examine the following aspects: dimensionality, convergent and differential validity, internal consistency of each dimension, and the possible differential item functioning with regard to gender and life stage (youth or adulthood). In the light of the results obtained, we conclude that the Basque version of NEO PI-R guarantees an adequate assessment of personality from the Big Five viewpoint. These studies illustrate how to obtain evidence about the degree of validity of the adapted version of a test, which is the key feature of any adaptation process

Elaboración de un inventario para medir el nivel de integración del menor acogido en su familia acogedora / Construction and validation of an inventory to measure the level of adjustment of the fosteres child in the foster family

El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en elaborar y examinar las características psicométricas de un inventario destinado a medir el nivel de integración de los menores acogidos en sus familias acogedoras. El instrumento fue creado por un equipo de terapeutas especializadas en Programas de Apoyo y Seguimiento al Acogimiento Familiar y por dos profesoras de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad del País Vasco con amplia formación en Metodología. Se llevó a cabo un análisis preliminar de su fiabilidad y de su validez en una muestra de 90 menores en régimen de acogimiento familiar en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco, con edades comprendidas entre los 7 y los 18 años. Estos datos preliminares parecen sugerir que la consistencia interna, la estabilidad temporal y la validez del inventario son elevadas. Se discuten las posibles aplicaciones del instrumento en la evaluación del éxito o fracaso del acogimiento familiar como medida de protección infantil (AU)

The main aim of this study was to construct and examine the psychometric characteristics of an inventory that would measure the level of adjustment shown by fostered children in their foster families. The instrument was created by a team of therapists specializing in programmes to support and monitor the results of family foster care, and by two lecturers from the University of the Basque Country with extensive training in Methodology. A preliminary analysis of the inventory’s reliability and validity was carried out using a sample of 90 fostered children in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country. Ages ranged from 7 to 18 years old. These preliminary data seem to show that the internal consistency, temporal stability and validity of the inventory are high. The possible applications of the instrument in the evaluation of success or failure of family foster care as a measure of children’s protection are discussed (AU)