[A method for examining the biochemical composition of dental tissues in human teeth]. / Metodika issledovaniia biokhimicheskogo sostava tverdykh tkanei zuba cheloveka.

In medical literature there is no single detailed standard for studying the biochemical composition of a tooth. This circumstance led to the development of a proprietary method for determining the enantiomers of aspartic acid in hard dental tissues for use in the further study of the relationship between the amino acid composition of dental tissues and the biological age of humans. Dental tissue samples obtained from living individuals aged from 20 to 50 years were studied by chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results of the study allowed us to put forward a number of practical recommendations on the standardization of the procedure for the preparation of dental tissue samples and the parameters of chromatography-mass spectrometry research.

[The investigations into the amino acid composition of the tooth for the purpose of forensic medical personality identification]. / Issledovanie aminokislotnogo sostava zuba v tseliakh sudebno-meditsinskoi identifikatsii lichnosti.

The increasingly greater requirements for the new approaches to the forensic medical personality identification necessitate the extensive search for and the development of the precise methods enabling the experts to determine the general personality signs in the cases of mass mortality and the large number of victims with the conspicuous post-mortem changes in their appearance including those associated with putrefaction and strong fragmentation of the bodies. This article presents the analytical review demonstrating that determination of the victims' age in the combination with the analysis of the amino acid composition of dental tissues provides a promising tool for the investigations not only in the fields of archeology and anthropology but also for the purpose of personality identification in forensic medicine.

[Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl during sevoflurane based general anesthesia in children].

The research is based on the analysis of 50 cases of anesthesia during reconstructive surgeries in children. The anesthesia was based on inhalation of sevolflurane and injection of fentanyl by the bolus infusion scheme. During the different stages of anesthesia the opioid concentration in plasma was measured. Analysis of hemodynamic parameters showed no statistically significant differences in changes in performance, indicating the steady flow of anesthesia. Infusion of fentanyl provided a smooth, gradual decrease in its concentration in plasma, while analgesia remained adequate. The combination of sevoflurane in a concentration of 1.3 MAC and infusion of fentanyl to a total dose 6 mkg/kg/h was effective in provisioning stable anesthesia in the given category of patients with surgical pathology.

[Polarized fluoroimmunoanalysis of phenobarbital using the TD(x) analyzer from "Abbott" laboratories]. / Poliarizatsionnyi fliuoroimmunoanaliz fenobarbitala s ispol'zovaniem TD(x)-analizatora firmy "Abbott".

Polarographic fluoroimmunoassay was developed for identification and estimation of phenobarbital in urine. The study was carried out using TDx-analyzer "Abbott" (USA) under conditions of automatic service by modified program N 21 intended for analysis of kanamycin. In the procedure developed rabbit antiserum against phenobarbital was used at the initial dilution 1:2 and the tracer 5-ethyl-5-(4'-fluoroscein thiocarbamyl aminophenyl)barbituric acid was applied at the initial concentration of 60 nmol/l. The minimal content of phenobarbital evaluated in urine was as small as 0.09 microgram/ml and it was measured in the limits of 0.5 microgram/ml. Specificity of the analysis and its reproducibility were studied. The results of the polarographic fluoroimmunoassay correlated highly to the data of EMIT-st-assay and HPLC.

[The extraction of organic compounds in model systems of liver tissue-aqueous solutions. 1. Changes in the pH of aqueous solutions in contact with liver tissue]. / Ekstraktsiia organicheskikh soedinenii v model'nykh sistemakh tkan' pecheni--vodnye rastvory. Soobshchenie 1. Izmenenie pH vodnykh rastvorov pri kontakte s tkan'iu pecheni.

Analysis of the resultant mathematical models demonstrated that exposure of liver tissue to aqueous solutions of acids leads to an increase of pH, and its contact with alkaline solutions results in an appreciable decrease of the pH of the model system. This should be borne in mind when creating and analyzing analog models describing the process of extraction of various organic compounds from biological material.

[The chromatographic analysis of phencyclidine, its metabolites and analogs in biological fluids]. / Khromatograficheskii analiz fentsiklidina, ego metabolitov i analogov v biologicheskikh zhidkostiakh.

Reviews data on analysis of narcotic phencyclidine and its main metabolites and analogs. Pharmacological and toxic characteristics of phencyclidine, conditions of its isolation from biological objects and its detection and measurement by thin layer and gas chromatography and by chromatographic mass-spectrometry are described. Analysis of phencyclidine metabolites is discussed and a scheme of its metabolism is presented. Statistical characteristics of methods of quantitative analysis of phencyclidine in biological objects are presented.

[Immunochemical methods in detection of opiates in tissues and organs]. / Immunokhimicheskie metody opredelniia opiatov v tkaniakh i organakh.

Conditions of isolation of opiates from tissues and analysis of the resultant extracts by immunochemical methods are discussed. The main characteristics of OPIATES U kits (Pharmatech) for polarization fluorescent immunoanalysis of cadaveric material (liver) are determined. Immunochemical methods for forensic chemical analysis for opiates are experimentally compared.

[Water balance and pharmacokinetics of ketamine during anesthesia in roentgen-endovascular procedures in children]. / Vodnyi balans i farmakokinetika ketamina pri anesteziologicheskom obespechenii rentgenoéndovaskuliarnykh vmeshatel'stv u detei.

Forty-seven children, aged 2 to 12, with different pathologies, who underwent the abdominal aortography with the bolus introduction of 60% verografin, i.e. a radiopaque contrast agent (RCA), 2-3 ml/kg for 2-3 sec. The osmolar index of blood went up sharply, diuresis increased 7-fold and the aldosterone content topped 2-fold the original level. Simultaneously, the plasma concentration of ketamine was reducing by 2 times faster than in children who were not administered RCA. An additional introduction of an anesthetic made on minute 3 after RCA injection was suggested to modify the anesthesia management scheme.

[Detection of 1,4-benzodiazepine derivatives in liver tissues by immunochemical methods]. / Obnaruzhenie proizvodnykh 1,4-benzodiazepina v tkaniakh pecheni immunokhimicheskimi metodami.

The possibility of using immunochemical methods in general forensic chemical analysis of cadaveric material for narcotics is demonstrated. Conditions of isolation of 1,4-benzodiasepines from tissues and analysis of the resultant tissue extracts by polarization fluoroimmunoassay (PFIA) and solid-phase enzyme immunoassay are described. Time course of concentrations in tissue extracts stored for a long time has been studied by PFIA. Characteristics of Benzodiazepines Serum kits (Abbott) for PFIA of liver extracts are determined.

[The determination of benzodiazepines in biological objects on the Milichrome microcolumn liquid chromatograph]. / Opredelenie benzodiazepinov v biologicheskikh ob''ektakh na mikrokolonochnom zhidkostnom khromatografe "Milikhrom".

1,4-benzodiazepines and benzophenols, the products of their hydrolytic cleavage, were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography in expert material (stomach, liver, intestine, kidney samples). Milichrome microcolumn liquid chromatograph, designs 1 and 2, was employed, with a chromatography column packed with Separon C18 (5 microns) sorbent. A mixture of (NH4)2HPO4 (0.05 M) and acetonitryl in volume ratio 65:35 was used as the mobile phase in native compound analysis and that in volume ratio 45:55 for benzophenols and medazepam separation. The external standard method was used for quantitative estimation.

[The detection of tramadol and its metabolites in urine by chromatographic methods]. / Obnaruzhenie tramadola i ego metabolitov v moche khromatograficheskimi metodami.

The authors recommend detecting a compound drug tramadol and its metabolites in urinary extracts by thin-layer, gas-chromatographic, high-pressure liquid, and other chromatographic methods. The metabolites were identified with due consideration for their fragmentation during an electron strike thereof and their trimethylsilyl derivatives, mobility during separation in a thin layer, and results of selective extraction at various pH. The proposed scheme of biotransformation includes the formation of products of O- and N- demethylation, N, N- and N,O-didemethylation and hydroxylation of the cyclohexane fragment. The Rf metabolite values and their mass spectra are presented. During gas chromatographic analysis at an evaporator temperature at least 250 degrees C tramadol undergoes thermal destruction with the formation of water molecules and cyclohexane structure.

[Ketamine pharmacokinetics and metabolism after bolus injection of X-ray contrast agents in roentgeno-endovascular interventions in children]. / Farmakokinetika i metabolizm ketamina na fone boliusnogo vvedeniia rentgenokontrastnykh sredstv pri rentgenoéndovaskuliarnykh vmeshatel'stvakh u detei.

The study was carried out on 13 children (2-12 years) subjected to abdominal aortography. The children were divided into 2 groups. Changes in plasma concentrations of ketamine and its metabolism were evaluated during anesthesia after bolus injection of ionic highly osmolar and nonionic low-osmolar x-ray contrast agents (RCA). Injection of an RCA bolus was associated with a 2-fold more rapid drop of the anesthetic concentration in the blood, increase of renal clearance of ketamine and its metabolites; the osmotic effect of ionic highly osmolar and nonionic low-osmolar RCA on ketamine pharmacokinetics virtually did not differ.

[The analysis of the methylenedioxy derivatives of amphetamine]. / ANaliz metilendioksiproizvodnykh amfetamina.

Methods for analysis of narcotics belonging to amphetamine methylene dioxy derivatives (MDD) are reviewed. The characteristics of these agents, their metabolism, and methods used for their detection and identification (TLC, GC, HPLC, GC/MS) are described. Methods for their extraction from biological objects (human urine and hair) are described. Efficacy of MDMA and MDEA from the urine by different extractants is assessed. The data demonstrate different potentialities for detection and identification of amphetamine MDD, including those in biological specimens (human urine and hairs), by numerous chromatographic methods.

New potentialities of HPLC in pharmacopoeian analysis.

Modern status of pharmacopoeian HPLC analysis and its main shortcomings are discussed. The philosophy "special analytical method for each substance" has to be revised, and as an alternative, a principle of creation of universal methods realized by means of HPLC analyzers is proposed. A prototype of such analyzer is described. The device was designed on the basis of a Milichrome A-02 gradient chromatograph with spectrophotometric detector and reverse phase column.