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Purpose@#Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) improves exercise capacity with vascular benefits, but time constraints hinder consistent adherence. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a time-efficient alternative, with repeated sprint training (RST) being the shortest format. We hypothesized that RST would be as effective as MICT in improving vascular function and exercise capacity in young adults. @*Methods@#Twenty-three adults (mean age, 26.2±3.8 years) were randomly assigned to either RST or MICT. RST involved 20 sets of 4-second cycling sprints followed by 30-second active recovery, totaling 11 minutes. MICT consisted of 30-minute cycling at 50% to 60% of heart rate reserve. Vascular function evaluated via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation. Exercise capacity (maximum oxygen uptake, total exercise load test time) and anaerobic capacity (maximum power, anaerobic threshold) were measured using maximum exercise tests. These variables were measured befre and after a 6-week training. @*Results@#Both groups showed comparable improvements in flow-mediated dilation (p< 0.05). Maximum oxygen intake slightly improved, while total exercise time significantly increased for both (p< 0.05). Anaerobic threshold unchanged, while maximum power improved (p< 0.05). @*Conclusion@#These findings underscore that RST is a time-efficient exercise strategy, which improves vascular function and exercise capacity as effectively as MICT in young adults.
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BACKGROUND@#At the end of the‘Waste Drug Disposal Project’, collection and disposal of waste drugs remain a social issue.@*OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to provide suggestions to improve the drug waste management system in Korea by comparing domestic and overseas relevant programs. Methods: This is a comparative study between South Korea, Australia, Canada, France, and the US. These overseas countries were selected because they have been operating waste drug management programs continuously to date. Comparison was conducted by a pre-determined analysis frame including legal regulation, enforcement program and its performance.@*RESULTS@#All selected countries except Australia had legal regulations on drug wastes. The US had the largest variety of drug waste disposal methods. Canada had recommended that pharmacies actively participate in drug waste withdrawal programs. France had the largest variety of methods to promote relevant programs, including window sticker, SNS, and app, as well as the highest level of awareness and participation. Australia had the lowest level of awareness and participation in pharmaceutical waste management programs. Pharmaceutical companies took responsibility of paying for these programs in the selected overseas countries.@*CONCLUSION@#Further efforts should be made to establish a clear guideline including the role of pharmaceutical companies, and to develop various methods for the public to be aware of appropriate ways of disposing drug wastes in Korea.
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BACKGROUND: Mutations in the gene encoding periaxin (PRX) are known to cause autosomal recessive Dejerine-Sottas neuropathy (DSN) or Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4F. However, there have been no reports describing Korean patients with these mutations. CASE REPORT: We examined a Korean DSN patient with an early-onset, slowly progressive, demyelinating neuropathy with prominent sensory involvement. Whole-exome sequencing and subsequent capillary sequencing revealed novel compound heterozygous nonsense mutations (p.R392X and p.R679X) in PRX. One mutation was transmitted from each of the patient's parents. No unaffected family member had both mutations, and the mutations were not found in healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that these novel compound heterozygous nonsense mutations are the underlying cause of DSN. The clinical, electrophysiologic, and pathologic phenotypes in this family were similar to those described previously for patients with PRX mutations. We have identified the first PRX mutation in a Korean patient with DSN.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Capilares , Enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth , Codón sin Sentido , Neuropatía Hereditaria Motora y Sensorial , Padres , Nervios Periféricos , FenotipoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Impairment in activities of daily living (ADL) is a major problem in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and is related to increased caregiver burden.The present study evaluated whether there are any components of initial dementia evaluation that could predict ADL decline in years follow-up. METHODS: The 32 subjects underwent more than two consecutive neuropsychological evaluation and maintained anti-dementia medication from the Ewha Dementia Cohort. The first clinical, neuropsychological test results, medial temporal atrophy rating and white matter ratings were correlated with the final ADL scores. The subjects were further divided into ADL-preserved and declined groups for the comparison depending on final ADL scores. RESULTS: The annual decline of the Korean Mini-mental status examination (K-MMSE) score was 1.5+/-1.2 and of the Seoul-instrumental ADL score was 6.1+/-4.6. The Factors correlated with the ADL at baseline were the clinical dementia rating, K-MMSE, memory function score and the total neuropsychological test score, left medial temporal lobe atrophy rating, and the neuropsychiatric total score. Only the neuropsychological component including total test, frontal and visuospatial function scores were statistically different between the two groups in the baseline evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: The result of our preliminary study emphasize the other study results that the initial cognitive and dementia status are the strong predictive factors not only for the initial ADL dysfunction but also for the ADL decline in years followed-up dementia cohort.